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Guo ZC, Jing SL, Jumatai S, Gong ZC. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by activating the neutrophil chemotaxis in the tumour microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 72:1523-1539. [PMID: 36513851 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the significance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in promoting tumour progression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes from the two datasets of GEO138206 and GSE87539. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of samples, cell biological behaviour experiments, and tumour-bearing animal experiments were used to verify the results in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism was revealed at the molecular level, and rescue experiments were carried out by using inhibitors and lentiviruses. RESULTS CXCL2 was selected by bioinformatics analysis and was found to be related to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Samples with P. gingivalis infection in the TME of OSCC had the strongest cell invasion and proliferation and the largest tumour volume in tumour-bearing animal experiments and exhibited JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of P. gingivalis, CXCL2 and TANs were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in OSCC patients. A CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis inhibitor significantly decreased the invasion and proliferation ability of cells and the tumour volume in mice. When lentivirus was used to block the CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis, the activity of the JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway was decreased, and the phenotype of EMT was reversed. CONCLUSION Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes OSCC progression by recruiting TANs via activation of the CXCL2/CXCR2 axis in the TME of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chen Guo
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, No.137, Li Yu Shan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Li Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Sakendeke Jumatai
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, No.137, Li Yu Shan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, No.137, Li Yu Shan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Bagheri R, Bohlouli S, Maleki Dizaj S, Shahi S, Memar MY, Salatin S. The Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Hypericum perforatum Oil on Common Pathogens of Periodontitis: An In Vitro Study. Clin Pract 2022; 12:1009-1019. [PMID: 36547112 PMCID: PMC9777146 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Hypericum perforatum oil against the common pathogens of periodontitis (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis) was investigated. Disk diffusion (DD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) approaches were applied to test the antimicrobial effects. In order to determine the anti-biofilm effects, the amount of bacterial biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate technique. The anti-biofilm effects were then confirmed by determining the minimum biofilm inhibitor concentration (MBIC). The MIC, MBC, MBIC, and DD values were 64, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 14 mm for Staphylococcus aureus; 128, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 16 mm for Streptococcus mutans; 256, 512, 256 μg/mL, and 20 mm for Escherichia coli; 32, 128, 512 µg/mL, and 16 mm for Enterococcus faecalis; and 64, 128, 256 µg/mL, and 15 mm for Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. According to our results, Hypericum perforatum oil has antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against the common bacteria associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bohlouli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.M.D.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.M.D.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
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Hadjigol S, Shah BA, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The ‘Danse Macabre’—Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894021. [PMID: 35784290 PMCID: PMC9243430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of “oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment” with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- *Correspondence: Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson, ; Sara Hadjigol,
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Furukawa M, Matsuda K, Aoki Y, Yamada M, Wang J, Watanabe M, Kurosawa M, Shikama Y, Matsushita K. Analysis of senescence in gingival tissues and gingival fibroblast cultures. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:939-949. [PMID: 35491709 PMCID: PMC9382052 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine senescence‐associated changes in the gingival tissues of aged mice and gingival fibroblast cultures. Materials and Methods The production of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) and mRNA expression of p16, p21, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) were evaluated in gingival tissues, gingival fibroblasts of 10‐ and 20‐month‐old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and multiple‐passaged and hydrogen peroxide‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Changes in molecular expression in HGF cultures due to senescent cell elimination by the senolytic drug ABT‐263 (Navitoclax) were analyzed. Results Compared to 10‐week‐old mice, the 20‐month‐old mice had higher numbers of M1 macrophages. The proportion of cells expressing SA‐β‐gal were also higher in 20‐ month‐old mice than in 10‐week‐old‐mice. Gingival fibroblasts in 20‐month‐old mice expressed less collagen 1a1, collagen 4a1, and collagen 4a2 mRNA than those in 10‐week‐old mice. Compared to control cells, H2O2 treated HGF cells expressed higher levels of SA‐β‐gal and p16, p21, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, ABT‐263 suppressed HGF cell expression of cytokines after senescence induction. Conclusions Senescence‐associated changes were observed in the gingival tissues of aged mice and HGF cultures. In addition, the potential of senolytic drugs to modify aging‐related changes in the gingiva was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | | | - Yu Aoki
- Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamada
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya Japan
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Maki Watanabe
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
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Shiezadeh F, Azami N, Arab HR, Rezaee SAR, Moeintaghavi A, Banihashemrad A. Evaluation of Neutrophilic Receptors; CXCL8 and CXCR2 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Compared to Healthy Subjects by Real Time PCR Method. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2202241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of CXCL8 and its receptor (CXCR2) in gingival tissue neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy subjects using Real Time PCR method.
Methods:
The test group consisted of 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and the control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals. In both groups, gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery.CXCL8 and CXCR2 RNA in tissue samples were examined by PCR method, and then the levels of genes expression were measured. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
CXCL8 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.028). CXCR2 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.043). In both test and control groups, there was a negative correlation between CXCL8 and CXCR2 gene expression. This correlation was statistically significant in the test group (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation in the control group (p=0.431).
Conclusion:
The results of this present study suggested that the level of gene expression for CXCL8 was greater in patients with chronic periodontitis and CXCR2 was greater in healthy individuals. Although in people with chronic periodontitis, CXCR2 decreases slightly as CXCL8 levels increase.
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Zhu X, Huang H, Zhao L. PAMPs and DAMPs as the Bridge Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis: The Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856118. [PMID: 35281098 PMCID: PMC8915442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease characterized by plaque formation and vascular inflammation, eventually leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Innate immunity plays an irreplaceable role in the vascular inflammatory response triggered by chronic infection. Periodontitis is a common chronic disorder that involves oral microbe-related inflammatory bone loss and local destruction of the periodontal ligament and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontal pathogens contain numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide, CpG DNA, and Peptidoglycan, that initiate the inflammatory response of the innate immunity depending on the recognition of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells. The immune-inflammatory response and destruction of the periodontal tissue will produce a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), alarmins (S100 protein), and which can further affect the progression of atherosclerosis. Molecular patterns have recently become the therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease, including blocking the interaction between molecular patterns and PRRs and controlling the related signal transduction pathway. This review summarized the research progress of some representative PAMPs and DAMPs as the molecular pathological mechanism bridging periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We also discussed possible ways to prevent serious cardiovascular events in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis by targeting molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
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Dodington DW, Young HE, Beaudette JR, Fritz PC, Ward WE. Improved Healing after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Is Associated with Higher Protein Intake in Patients Who Are Non-Smokers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113722. [PMID: 34835978 PMCID: PMC8619233 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship between periodontal healing and protein intake exists in patients undergoing non-surgical treatment for periodontitis. Dietary protein intake was assessed using the 2005 Block food frequency questionnaire in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis undergoing scaling and root planing (n = 63 for non-smokers, n = 22 for smokers). Protein intake was correlated to post-treatment probing depth using multiple linear regression. Non-smoking patients who consumed ≥1 g protein/kg body weight/day had fewer sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm after scaling and root planing compared to patients with intakes <1 g protein/kg body weight/day (11 ± 2 versus 16 ± 2, p = 0.05). This relationship was strengthened after controlling for baseline probing depth, hygienist and time between treatment and follow-up (10 ± 2 versus 16 ± 1, p = 0.018) and further strengthened after controlling for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, flossing frequency, and bleeding on probing (8 ± 2 versus 18 ± 2, p < 0.001). No associations were seen in patients who smoked. Consuming ≥1 g protein/kg body weight/day was associated with reductions in periodontal disease burden following scaling and root planing in patients who were non-smokers. Further studies are needed to differentiate between animal and plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Dodington
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (D.W.D.); (H.E.Y.); (J.R.B.); (P.C.F.)
| | - Hannah E. Young
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (D.W.D.); (H.E.Y.); (J.R.B.); (P.C.F.)
| | - Jennifer R. Beaudette
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (D.W.D.); (H.E.Y.); (J.R.B.); (P.C.F.)
| | - Peter C. Fritz
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (D.W.D.); (H.E.Y.); (J.R.B.); (P.C.F.)
- Periodontal Wellness and Implant Surgery Clinic, Fonthill, ON L0S 1E5, Canada
| | - Wendy E. Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (D.W.D.); (H.E.Y.); (J.R.B.); (P.C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Celik D, Kantarci A. Vascular Changes and Hypoxia in Periodontal Disease as a Link to Systemic Complications. Pathogens 2021; 10:1280. [PMID: 34684229 PMCID: PMC8541389 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment caused by oral pathogens is the most important cause of the disruption of dynamic hemostasis between the oral microbiome and the immune system. Periodontal infection exacerbates the inflammatory response with increased hypoxia and causes vascular changes. The chronicity of inflammation becomes systemic as a link between oral and systemic diseases. The vascular network plays a central role in controlling infection and regulating the immune response. In this review, we focus on the local and systemic vascular network change mechanisms of periodontal inflammation and the pathological processes of inflammatory diseases. Understanding how the vascular network influences the pathology of periodontal diseases and the systemic complication associated with this pathology is essential for the discovery of both local and systemic proactive control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Celik
- Immunology Division, Health Sciences Institute, Trakya University, Edirne 22100, Turkey;
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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Liu X, Kang WY, Shang LL, Ge SH. [Sitagliptin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts by blocking nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:153-163. [PMID: 33834669 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to clarify the effects of sitagliptin on Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), explore the molecular mechanism of its roles, and provide a foundation for clinical therapeutics in periodontitis. METHODS Healthy gingival samples were collected from the donors. HGFs were isolated with enzymic digestion method and identified. The effects of LPS and sitagliptin on cell viability were detected by cell-counting kit-8 (CCK8). The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), were evaluated by quantity real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the secretion protein levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Western blot analysis was used to further investigate the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. The effect of NF-κB pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082 on LPS-induced HGF inflammatory cytokines at the gene level was verified by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Low concentrations of sitagliptin (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 µmol·L-1) did not affect HGF growth in 24 and 48 h, whereas high concentrations of sitagliptin (5-1 000 µmol·L-1) significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Sitagliptin suppressed 5 µg·mL-1 of LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, and SOD2 gene expression levels in HGF in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, sitagliptin significantly decreased the elevated secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 protein induced by LPS. Western blot analysis showed that 0.5 µmol·L-1 of sitagliptin significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Results of qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 0.5 µmol·L-1 of sitagliptin and 5 µmol·L-1 of BAY11-7082 significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, and SOD2 gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin could significantly inhibit LPS-induced HGF inflammatory response by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Dept. of Periodonto-logy, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen-Yan Kang
- Dept. of Periodonto-logy, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shang
- Dept. of Periodonto-logy, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shao-Hua Ge
- Dept. of Periodonto-logy, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
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Guo ZC, Jumatai S, Jing SL, Hu LL, Jia XY, Gong ZC. Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry analyses of expression levels and clinical significance of CXCL2 and TANs in an oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment of Prophyromonas gingivalis infection. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 33574928 PMCID: PMC7816391 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the immunoexpression and clinical significance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The immunoexpression of P. gingivalis in OSCC tissues was detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC) after P. gingivalis was infected into the TME of OSCC. To identify the differentially expressed genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of OSCC with P. gingivalis infection, microarray datasets (GSE87539 and GSE138206) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The immunoexpression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were also evaluated via IHC, and the immunoexpression levels of all three clinical variables were analyzed using χ2 or Fisher's exact tests. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival curves were compared using log-rank tests. Predominantly strong immunoexpression of P. gingivalis was identified in OSCC samples. CXCL2 was considered to be a differential gene in the two datasets. Immunoexpression of P. gingivalis was positively associated with CXCL2 and TANs expression. Furthermore, P. gingivalis was associated with survival status (P<0.001) and differentiation (P<0.001). CXCL2 was associated with age (P=0.038) and survival status (P=0.003), while TANs were associated with T stage (P=0.015) and clinical stage (P=0.002). These clinical variables were considered to be independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of patients with OSCC. Collectively, the results suggested that the immunoexpression of P. gingivalis may be positively associated with CXCL2 and TANs. In addition, the strong immunoexpression levels of P. gingivalis, CXCL2 and TANs may be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chen Guo
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Sakendeke Jumatai
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Si-Li Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Hu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Jia
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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Azuma MM, Cardoso CDBM, da Silva CC, de Oliveira PHC, Jacinto RDC, Andrada AC, Cintra LTA. The use of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of oral diseases. Oral Dis 2020; 28:264-274. [PMID: 33022782 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have been reported to exert important roles in the inflammatory response. There are many inflammatory diseases in dentistry which support the administration of ω-3 PUFAs as an adjunct therapy during the treatment of these diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the use of ω-3 PUFAs as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of buccal diseases. The review showed that supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs was used for treatment of gingivitis, periodontal diseases, apical periodontitis, stomatitis, and orthodontic tooth movement. The results indicate that ω-3 PUFAs decreased the number of pro-inflammatory mediators in the gingival tissues of individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. In apical periodontitis, the supplementation suppressed bone resorption and promoted bone formation in the periapical area of rats. During orthodontic movement, the supplementation showed a decrease of bone resorption in rats. It also showed that painful symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were alleviated in supplemented patients. In conclusion, the ω-3 PUFAs may be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases that affect the oral cavity. However, more studies are required to elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in decreasing oral cavity inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Cristiane Cantiga da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Andrada
- Division of Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE) of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
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12
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The interplay of the oral microbiome and alcohol consumption in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2020; 110:105011. [PMID: 32980528 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is among the top twenty occurring cancers in the world, with a mortality rate of 50%. A shift to a functionally inflammatory or a 'disease state' oral microbiome composition has been observed amongst patients with premalignant disorders and OC, with evidence suggesting alcohol could be exacerbating the inflammatory influence of the oral microorganisms. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) converts alcohol into a known carcinogenic metabolite, acetaldehyde and while ADH levels in oral mucosa are low, several oral commensal species possess ADH and could produce genotoxic levels of acetaldehyde. With a direct association between oral microbiome status, alcohol and poor oral health status combining to induce chronic inflammation with increased acetaldehyde levels - this leads to a tumour promoting environment. This new disease state increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while impairing anti-oxidant systems thus activating the redox signalling required for the promotion and survival of tumours. This review aims to highlight the evidence linking these processes in the progression of oral cancer.
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13
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Ying S, Tan M, Feng G, Kuang Y, Chen D, Li J, Song J. Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound regulates alveolar bone homeostasis in experimental Periodontitis by diminishing Oxidative Stress. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9789-9807. [PMID: 32863960 PMCID: PMC7449900 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease that results in the loss of alveolar bone. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which is a new therapeutic option, promotes alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal bone injury models. This study investigated the protective effect of LIPUS on oxidative stress in periodontitis and the mechanism underlying this process. Methods: An experimental periodontitis model was induced by administering a ligature. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress, osteogenic, and osteoclastogenic markers in vivo. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarin Red staining assays. A reactive oxygen species assay kit, lipid peroxidation MDA assay kit, and western blotting were used to determine oxidative stress status in vitro. To verify the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative regulator, during LIPUS treatment, the siRNA technique and Nrf2-/- mice were used. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was utilized to identify the effects of the PI3K-Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Results: Alveolar bone resorption, which was experimentally induced by periodontitis in vivo, was alleviated by LIPUS via activation of Nrf2. Oxidative stress, induced via H2O2 treatment in vitro, inhibited cell viability and suppressed osteogenic differentiation. These effects were also alleviated by LIPUS treatment via Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 silencing blocked the antioxidant effect of LIPUS by diminishing heme oxygenase-1 expression. Nrf2-/- mice were susceptible to ligature-induced periodontitis, and the protective effect of LIPUS on alveolar bone dysfunction was weaker in these mice. Activation of Nrf2 by LIPUS was accompanied by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. The oxidative defense function of LIPUS was inhibited by exposure to LY294002 in vitro. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that LIPUS regulates alveolar bone homeostasis in periodontitis by attenuating oxidative stress via the regulation of PI3K-Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the protective effect exerted by LIPUS against ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.
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14
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Van Dyke TE. Shifting the paradigm from inhibitors of inflammation to resolvers of inflammation in periodontitis. J Periodontol 2020; 91 Suppl 1:S19-S25. [PMID: 32441774 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An initial shift in our understanding of the basis of periodontal disease occurred early in the 2000s. The host response, rather than the bacterial burden, was the principal determinant of the disease. Microbial dysbiosis that occurs in periodontal disease results from a hyperinflammatory state in the host. A second shift in periodontal disease is taking place. This time in the realm of treatment strategies. Rather than targeting antimicrobials or inhibitors of individual inflammatory mediators, preclinical studies support using resolution pharmacology to convert the pro-inflammatory condition into a non-inflammatory one, thereby resolving both the local and systemic inflammation associated with periodontal disease. Here, I describe the bases for these shifts in paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Van Dyke
- Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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15
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Könönen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines are influenced by non-surgical periodontal treatment: a 12-week follow-up study. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 12:1694383. [PMID: 31893018 PMCID: PMC6913660 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1694383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During periodontal inflammation, bacteria induces chemokine expression and migration of various inflammatory cells. The aim of the study was to learn if periodontal treatment alters salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines and if such alterations correlate with abundance of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Methods: Twenty-five patients with periodontitis completed the study (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). Periodontal parameters and stimulated saliva samples were obtained at baseline and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Salivary concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1-4), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10) were quantified using the Luminex® xMAP™ technique and abundance of bacteria was quantified using next-generation sequencing. Results: The treatment improved all periodontal parameters and caused an increase in the concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α at week 12 compared to baseline, week 2 and week 6, respectively. Salivary concentrations of MCP-1-2, MDC, MIG, MIP-1α and IP-10 correlated with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment impacts salivary concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α, which correlate with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. This indicates that these chemokines reflect periodontal status and possess potential in illustrating a response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Zhang Z, Yuan W, Deng J, Wang D, Zhang T, Peng L, Tian H, Wang Z, Ma J. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates neutrophils infiltration and periodontal tissue destruction in an experimental periodontitis. Mol Immunol 2019; 117:110-121. [PMID: 31765840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) has pathogenic roles in several immune inflammatory diseases, its role in periodontitis has not been investigated. Here we detected local expression of G-CSF using public datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and immune cell infiltration into gingival tissue was estimated based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). G-CSF expression and neutrophil infiltration were also confirmed by human gingival biopsies analysis. Moreover, anti-G-CSF neutralizing antibody was locally administrated to investigate the effects of G-CSF neutralization on neutrophils infiltration and periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis mice model. Two public datasets (GSE10334 and GSE16134), which included 424 patients with periodontitis and 133 health controls, were used in the analysis. Markedly increased immune cell infiltration and G-CSF expression in gingival tissues were found in the periodontitis group as compared to the control group. The higher expression of G-CSF was correlated with higher infiltration of immune cells, especially with neutrophil infiltration. Analysis of gingival biopsies further confirmed high neutrophil infiltration and G-CSF expression. In addition, anti-G-CSF antibody-treated mice with periodontitis showed significantly reduced alveolar bone resorption and neutrophil infiltration when compared with periodontitis mice treated with isotype control antibody. Also, anti-G-CSF antibody treatment significantly reduced mRNA expression of CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases 9, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio and osteoclasts number in periodontal tissues. In summary, neutrophil infiltration and G-CSF expression levels were significantly increased in inflamed gingival tissues. G-CSF neutralization in periodontal inflammation could alleviate neutrophil infiltration and periodontal tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Periodontology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, 75th Dagu North Road, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17(th) Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, 56th Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong City, 1th Wenchang Road, Datong, 037008, China
| | - Huan Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1th Dongdan Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Kang W, Shang L, Song A, Ge S. N-WASP knockdown upregulates inflammatory cytokines expression in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104605. [PMID: 31751919 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a member of the wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family. N-WASP plays a vital role in promoting cell migration, receptor signaling and immune inflammatory responses. This study aimed to observe the changes in the expression of inflammatory factors and involving pathways after N-WASP knockdown in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DESIGN Gingival inflammatory condition of N-WASP knockout mice was evaluated by H&E staining. N-WASP in HGFs was knockdown by siRNA and the best knockdown efficiency was determined by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR after N-WASP knockdown with or without mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. The protein levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 were assessed by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS Gingival tissue from N-WASP knockout mice exhibited an inflammatory reaction. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, SOD2 and PTGS2 was significantly upregulated after N-WASP knockdown in HGFs for 6, 24 and 48 h, except for the SOD2 at 6 h. N-WASP knockdown significantly activated the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPK. The inhibitors of p65, p38, ERK and JNK clearly decreased IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, SOD2 and PTGS2 expression after N-WASP knockdown. CONCLUSION These data indicated that N-WASP deficiency in HGFs increases the production of inflammatory cytokine and is regulated via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Shang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aimei Song
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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18
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FoxO1 Overexpression Ameliorates TNF- α-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Antioxidant Defense Activation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2120453. [PMID: 31781234 PMCID: PMC6875375 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that includes the pathologic loss of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. The inflammatory environment in periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation potential and depresses the regeneration capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Since Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) plays an important role in redox balance and bone formation, we investigated the role of FoxO1 in oxidative stress resistance and osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment by overexpressing FoxO1 in hPDLSCs. First, we found that FoxO1 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and elevated antioxidant potential under oxidative condition. Next, the overexpression of FoxO1 protected hPDLSCs against oxidative damage, which involved stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Third, overexpressed FoxO1 promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and increased the expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2 and SP7 in the inflammatory environment. These results indicated that FoxO1 overexpression in hPDLSCs has an anti-inflammatory effect, increases antioxidative capacity, and positively regulates osteogenesis in a mimicked inflammatory environment.
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19
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Nonaka K, Bando M, Sakamoto E, Inagaki Y, Naruishi K, Yumoto H, Kido JI. 6-Shogaol Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-Products-Induced IL-6 and ICAM-1 Expression by Regulating Oxidative Responses in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203705. [PMID: 31619000 PMCID: PMC6832546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause diabetes mellitus (DM) complications and accumulate more highly in periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis and DM. AGEs aggravate periodontitis with DM by increasing the expression of inflammation-related factors in periodontal tissues. 6-Shogaol, a major compound in ginger, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, the influence of shogaol on DM-associated periodontitis is not well known. In this study, the effects of 6-shogaol on AGEs-induced oxidative and anti-oxidative responses, and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were investigated. When HGFs were cultured with 6-shogaol and AGEs, the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1]), and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expressions were investigated. RAGE expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB were examined by western blotting. 6-Shogaol significantly inhibited AGEs-induced ROS activity, and increased HO-1 and NQO1 levels compared with the AGEs-treated cells. The AGEs-stimulated expression levels of receptor of AGE (RAGE), IL-6 and ICAM-1 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and p65 were attenuated by 6-shogaol. These results suggested that 6-shogaol inhibits AGEs-induced inflammatory responses by regulating oxidative and anti-oxidative activities and may have protective effects on periodontitis with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nonaka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Eijiro Sakamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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20
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Ramos-Junior ES, Pedram M, Lee RE, Exstrom D, Yilmaz Ö, Coutinho-Silva R, Ojcius DM, Morandini AC. CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin-1β-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. J Periodontol 2019; 91:253-262. [PMID: 31347162 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During inflammation, stressed or infected cells can release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular medium, which can be hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and 5'-nucleotidase (CD73). The role of CD73 in the modulation of cytokine release by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains underexplored. Here, we investigated whether CD73-mediated hydrolysis of extracellular ATP (eATP) could affect interleukin (IL)-1β-induced CXCL8 secretion. METHODS The levels of mRNA expression of adenosine receptors, CD39 and CD73 of periodontitis samples were retrieved from a public database. Moreover, HGF mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) after 3, 6, or 24 hours of IL-1β stimulation. IL-1β-induced CXCL8 protein levels were measured after pretreatment with 100-µM eATP in the presence or absence of CD73 inhibitor. The effect of eATP degradation to adenosine on CXCL8 levels was investigated using agonist and antagonist of adenosine receptors. RESULTS Levels of CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptor mRNA were differentially modulated by IL-1β. ATP pretreatment impaired IL-1β-induced CXCL8 secretion and required activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK). The inhibition of CD73 or the inhibition of adenosine receptors abrogated the ATP effect on CXCL8 secretion. CONCLUSIONS CD73-generated adenosine dampens IL-1β-induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO-1 and pAMPK signaling. These results imply that CD73 is a negative regulator of the inflammatory microenvironment, suggesting that this ectoenzyme could be involved in the generation of deficient CXCL8 gradient in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erivan Schnaider Ramos-Junior
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Pedram
- Doctor of Dental Surgery Program, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renee E Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.,College of Letters & Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Drake Exstrom
- Doctor of Dental Surgery Program, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Karkowska-Kuleta J, Bartnicka D, Zawrotniak M, Zielinska G, Kieronska A, Bochenska O, Ciaston I, Koziel J, Potempa J, Baster Z, Rajfur Z, Rapala-Kozik M. The activity of bacterial peptidylarginine deiminase is important during formation of dual-species biofilm by periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4969680. [PMID: 29668945 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium critically involved in the development of human periodontitis, belongs to the late colonizers of the oral cavity. The success of this pathogen in the host colonization and infection results from the presence of several virulence factors, including extracellular peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), an enzyme that converts protein arginine residues to citrullines. A common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, is also frequently identified among microorganisms that reside at subgingival sites. The aim of the current work was to verify if protein citrullination can influence the formation of mixed biofilms by both microorganisms under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Quantitative estimations of the bacterial adhesion to fungal cells demonstrated the importance of PPAD activity in this process, since the level of binding of P. gingivalis mutant strain deprived of PPAD was significantly lower than that observed for the wild-type strain. These results were consistent with mass spectrometric detection of the citrullination of selected surface-exposed C. albicans proteins. Furthermore, a viability of P. gingivalis cells under normoxia increased in the presence of fungal biofilm compared with the bacteria that formed single-species biofilm. These findings suggest a possible protection of these strict anaerobes under unfavorable aerobic conditions by C. albicans during mixed biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Bartnicka
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Zielinska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Bochenska
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Ciaston
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Baster
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Edmisson JS, Tian S, Armstrong CL, Vashishta A, Klaes CK, Miralda I, Jimenez-Flores E, Le J, Wang Q, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Filifactor alocis modulates human neutrophil antimicrobial functional responses. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12829. [PMID: 29377528 PMCID: PMC5980721 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Filifactor alocis is a newly appreciated pathogen in periodontal diseases. Neutrophils are the predominant innate immune cell in the gingival crevice. In this study, we examined modulation of human neutrophil antimicrobial functions by F. alocis. Both non-opsonised and serum-opsonised F. alocis were engulfed by neutrophils but were not efficiently eliminated. Challenge of neutrophils with either non-opsonised or serum-opsonised F. alocis induced a minimal intracellular as well as extracellular respiratory burst response compared to opsonised Staphylococcus aureus and fMLF, respectively. However, pretreatment or simultaneous challenge of neutrophils with F. alocis did not affect the subsequent oxidative response to a particulate stimulus, suggesting that the inability to trigger the respiratory response was only localised to F. alocis phagosomes. In addition, although neutrophils engulfed live or heat-killed F. alocis with the same efficiency, heat-killed F. alocis elicited a higher intracellular respiratory burst response compared to viable organisms, along with decreased surface expression of CD35, a marker of secretory vesicles. F. alocis phagosomes remained immature by delayed and reduced recruitment of specific and azurophil granules, respectively. These results suggest that F. alocis withstands neutrophil antimicrobial responses by preventing intracellular ROS production, along with specific and azurophil granule recruitment to the bacterial phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Edmisson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shifu Tian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cortney L. Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruna Vashishta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher K. Klaes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emeri Jimenez-Flores
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junyi Le
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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23
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Debnath S. Preliminary studies on the inhibition potential of Indian domestic curd against coliforms, an emerging periodontal pathogen. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:357-365. [PMID: 29491580 PMCID: PMC5827501 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_223_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coliforms colonize in dental plaques via oral route and may lead to systemic complications. Escherichia coli and its lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis is an emerging threat. Clinical management necessitates antibiotic regimens with risk of resistance and upsetting the gut. There is urgent need for better, sustainable, and economical alternative. Aim: To investigate the inhibition of coliforms, a potential periodontopathogen directly by Indian domestic curd (IDC) “in situ". Materials and Methods: Coliforms from natural habitat (Municipal sewage in Agartala, Tripura), a source of infection through food and water, were used as target organism. Domestically prepared curd without any fortification is used to explore its true inhibition potential. Assays of agar well diffusion performed with IDC (ultraviolet sterilized and pH adjusted 6.5) against isolated pure cultures of coliforms. The study protocol nullified effect of organic acids, volatile compounds, bacteriophages, and peroxides in IDC. Peptide nature of inhibitory ingredient was studied by Sodium Dodecyle Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), urea treatment. Computational phylogenetics revealed structural features of inhibitory ingredient. Statistical comparisons were done by analysis of variance. Second-order polynomial regression was done to evaluate the effect of IDC dilution on coliform inhibition. Mann–Whitney U-test performed to analyze different sample treatments. Results: Agar well diffusion (sealed bottom wells) shows inhibition of catalase-negative coliforms (confirmed by Gram staining and triple sugar iron agar assay) in pure culture (MacConkey agar). Activity diminished in urea, potentiated in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, remains unchanged by heat treatment (121°C, 15 min). SDS-PAGE revealed three distinct peptides (>10–15KDa). Hence, thermostable inhibitory peptides attached to target cell lead to observed activity (titer up to 1204.82 AU/ml with minimum 8 mm inhibition). Conclusions: IDC adequately inhibits sewage coliforms and may prevent dental plaques coliform colonization and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Debnath
- Head, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Women's Polytechnic, Agartala, Tripura, India
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24
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Chattopadhyay R, Mani AM, Singh NK, Rao GN. Resolvin D1 blocks H 2O 2-mediated inhibitory crosstalk between SHP2 and PP2A and suppresses endothelial-monocyte interactions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:119-131. [PMID: 29408202 PMCID: PMC5845835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, various studies have demonstrated a role for endogenously derived specialized proresolving mediators such as resolvins in the resolution of inflammation. In exploring the signaling mechanisms, in the present study we show that Resolvin D1 (RvD1) reduces LPS-induced endothelial cell (EC)-monocyte interactions via blocking H2O2-mediated PP2A inactivation, NFκB activation and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression. In addition, we found that H2O2-mediated SHP2 inhibition leads to tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation of PP2A by LPS, which in turn, accounts for increased NFκB activation and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression facilitating EC-monocyte interactions and all these LPS-mediated responses were reduced by RvD1. Furthermore, the suppression of NFκB activation, ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression and EC and monocyte interactions by RvD1 involved its receptors ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 as inhibition or neutralization of these receptors negated its effects. Besides, pertussis toxin completely prevented the effects of RvD1 on inhibition of LPS-induced H2O2 production, SHP2 and PP2A inactivation, NFκB activation, ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression and EC and monocyte interactions. Together, these observations suggest that RvD1 via activation of Gi-coupled ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 receptors blocks LPS-induced H2O2-mediated SHP2 and PP2A inactivation, NFκB activation, ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression and EC-monocyte interactions, which could be one of the several possible mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of this specialized proresolving mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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25
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Müller-Hilke B, Nakata M, Kreikemeyer B. Oral Biofilms from Symbiotic to Pathogenic Interactions and Associated Disease -Connection of Periodontitis and Rheumatic Arthritis by Peptidylarginine Deiminase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29441048 PMCID: PMC5797574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of bacterial species are harbored in the oral cavity, with the resulting complex network of interactions between the microbiome and host contributing to physiological as well as pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Bacterial communities inhabit the oral cavity as primary niches in a symbiotic manner and form dental biofilm in a stepwise process. However, excessive formation of biofilm in combination with a corresponding deregulated immune response leads to intra-oral diseases, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Moreover, oral commensal bacteria, which are classified as so-called “pathobionts” according to a now widely accepted terminology, were recently shown to be present in extra-oral lesions with distinct bacterial species found to be involved in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, chronic infective endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present review focuses on oral pathobionts as commensal and healthy members of oral biofilms that can turn into initiators of disease. We will shed light on the processes involved in dental biofilm formation and also provide an overview of the interactions of P. gingivalis, as one of the most prominent oral pathobionts, with host cells, including epithelial cells, phagocytes, and dental stem cells present in dental tissues. Notably, a previously unknown interaction of P. gingivalis bacteria with human stem cells that has impact on human immune response is discussed. In addition to this very specific interaction, the present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effect of P. gingivalis and other oral pathobionts, members of the oral microbiome, that pave the way for systemic and chronic diseases, thereby showing a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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26
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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27
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Sochalska M, Potempa J. Manipulation of Neutrophils by Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Development of Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:197. [PMID: 28589098 PMCID: PMC5440471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the chronic periodontal disease is associated with a skewed host inflammatory response to periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, that accounts for the majority of periodontal tissue damage. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in periodontal pockets and depending on the stage of the disease, also plentiful PMNs are present in the inflamed gingival tissue and the gingival crevice. They are the most efficient phagocytes and eliminate pathogens by a variety of means, which are either oxygen-dependent or -independent. However, these secretory lethal weapons do not strictly discriminate between pathogens and host tissue. Current studies describe conflicting findings about neutrophil involvement in periodontal disease. On one hand literature indicate that hyper-reactive neutrophils are the main immune cell type responsible for this observed tissue damage and disease progression. Deregulation of neutrophil survival and functions, such as chemotaxis, migration, secretion of antimicrobial peptides or enzymes, and production of reactive oxygen species, contribute to observed tissue injury and the clinical signs of periodontal disease. On the other hand neutrophils deficiencies in patients and mice also result in periodontal phenotype. Therefore, P. gingivalis represents a periodontal pathogen that manipulates the immune responses of PMNs, employing several virulence factors, such as gingipains, serine proteases, lipid phosphatases, or fimbriae. This review will sum up studies devoted to understanding different strategies utilized by P. gingivalis to manipulate PMNs survival and functions in order to inhibit killing by a granular content, prolong inflammation, and gain access to nutrient resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
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28
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Ho MH, Guo ZM, Chunga J, Goodwin JS, Xie H. Characterization of Innate Immune Responses of Human Endothelial Cells Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Their Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:139. [PMID: 27826542 PMCID: PMC5078693 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis in atherosclerosis is supported by observations from epidemiological, clinical, immunological, and molecular studies. Previously we reported that P. gingivalis vesicles have a much higher invasive efficiency than their originating cells. Here, we further compare the role of P. gingivalis cells and their vesicles in expression of chemoattractant proteins including CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8, and adhesive molecules such as E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both P. gingivalis 33277 cells and vesicles were able to up-regulate expression of these molecules, while the vesicles acted as more potent inducers of the inflammatory response associated with the development of atherosclerosis, consequently resulting in significant monocyte adhesion to a monolayer of HUVECs. Interestingly, we found that elevated expression of CXCL8 and E-selectin in endothelial cells induced by P. gingivalis correlated with the invasive ability of P. gingivalis cells and vesicles. Non-invasive bacterial cells and vesicles had no effect on expression of these genes. This study highlights the potential risk of P. gingivalis cells and vesicles in initiation of atherosclerosis and provides a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics against bacteria-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Ho
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhong-Mao Guo
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - J Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College Nashville, TN, USA
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29
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Damgaard C, Reinholdt J, Palarasah Y, Enevold C, Nielsen C, Brimnes MK, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH. In vitro complement activation, adherence to red blood cells and induction of mononuclear cell cytokine production by four strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with different fimbriation and expression of leukotoxin. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:485-496. [PMID: 27663487 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been proposed as pro-atherogenic, and complement-mediated adherence to red blood cells (RBCs) may facilitate its systemic spread. We investigated the ability of four strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans with differential expression of leukotoxin A (LtxA) and fimbriae to activate complement, adhere to RBCs and elicit cytokine responses by mononuclear cells (MNCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strains HK 921, HK 1651, HK 2092 and HK 2108 were fluorescence-labeled, incubated with human whole blood cells in the presence of autologous serum, and assessed for RBC adherence by flow cytometry and for capacity to induce cytokine production by cytometric bead array analysis. The levels of IgG to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b were quantified by ELISA, as was consumption of complement. RESULTS The JP2 clone variants HK 1651 and, to a lesser extent, HK 2092, consumed complement efficiently, while HK 2108 (= strain Y4) consumed complement poorly. Nonetheless, the four tested strains adhered equally well to RBCs in the presence of autologous serum, without causing RBC lysis. The JP2 clone variant HK 2092, selectively lacking LtxA production, induced higher production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by MNCs than did the other three strains, while the four strains induced similar production of IL-12p70. RBCs facilitated the HK 2092-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β, and IL-6 was enhanced by RBCs, and this facilitation could be counteracted by blockade of complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans, most closely resembled by the variant HK 1651, activates complement well, while strain Y4, represented by HK 2108, activates complement poorly. However, all strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans adhere to RBCs and, when capable of producing LtxA, prevent production of inflammatory cytokines by MNCs. This "immunologically silent" immune adherence may facilitate systemic spread and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Y Palarasah
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - C Enevold
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M K Brimnes
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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