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Bagheri R, Bohlouli S, Maleki Dizaj S, Shahi S, Memar MY, Salatin S. The Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Hypericum perforatum Oil on Common Pathogens of Periodontitis: An In Vitro Study. Clin Pract 2022; 12:1009-1019. [PMID: 36547112 PMCID: PMC9777146 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Hypericum perforatum oil against the common pathogens of periodontitis (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis) was investigated. Disk diffusion (DD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) approaches were applied to test the antimicrobial effects. In order to determine the anti-biofilm effects, the amount of bacterial biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate technique. The anti-biofilm effects were then confirmed by determining the minimum biofilm inhibitor concentration (MBIC). The MIC, MBC, MBIC, and DD values were 64, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 14 mm for Staphylococcus aureus; 128, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 16 mm for Streptococcus mutans; 256, 512, 256 μg/mL, and 20 mm for Escherichia coli; 32, 128, 512 µg/mL, and 16 mm for Enterococcus faecalis; and 64, 128, 256 µg/mL, and 15 mm for Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. According to our results, Hypericum perforatum oil has antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against the common bacteria associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bohlouli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.M.D.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.M.D.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
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Korzekwa K, Kędziora A, Stańczykiewicz B, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Wojnicz D. Benefits of Usage of Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles as Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiofilm Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:284. [PMID: 35008720 PMCID: PMC8745484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the beneficial inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles immobilized on SiO2 or TiO2 on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-one of the most dangerous pathogens isolated from urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Pure and silver doped nanoparticles of SiO2 and TiO2 were prepared using a novel modified sol-gel method. Ten clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and the reference PAO1 strain were used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution method. The minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and biofilm formation were assessed by colorimetric assay. Bacterial enumeration was used to assess the viability of bacteria in the biofilm. Silver nanoparticles immobilized on the SiO2 and TiO2 indicated high antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm cultures. TiO2/Ag0 showed a better bactericidal effect than SiO2/Ag0. Our results indicate that the inorganic compounds (SiO2, TiO2) after nanotechnological modification may be successfully used as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (G.B.-P.)
| | - Anna Kędziora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (G.B.-P.)
| | | | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (G.B.-P.)
| | - Dorota Wojnicz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kart D, Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Sagiroglu M. Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Alone and Combinations with Plant-Derived Compounds against P. aeruginosa Biofilms and Their Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of P. aeruginosa Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040414. [PMID: 33918895 PMCID: PMC8070142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative anti-biofilm agents are needed to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The mechanisms behind these new agents also need to be revealed at a molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-biofilm effects of 10 plant-derived compounds on P. aeruginosa biofilms were investigated using minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and virulence assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin and compound combinations on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms were compared. A metabolomic approach and qRT-PCR were applied to the biofilms treated with ciprofloxacin in combination with baicalein, esculin hydrate, curcumin, and cinnamaldehyde at sub-minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) concentrations to highlight the specific metabolic shifts between the biofilms and to determine the quorum sensing gene expressions, respectively. RESULTS The combinations of ciprofloxacin with curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde showed more reduced MBICs than ciprofloxacin alone. The quorum sensing genes were downregulated in the presence of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, while upregulated in the presence of baicalein and esculin hydrate rather than for ciprofloxacin alone. The combinations exhibited different killing effects on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms without affecting its virulence. The findings of the decreased metabolite levels related to pyrimidine and lipopolysaccharide synthesis and to down-regulated alginate and lasI expressions strongly indicate the role of multifactorial mechanisms for curcumin-mediated P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The use of curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde with ciprofloxacin will help fight against P. aeruginosa biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to define the effect of plant-based compounds as possible anti-biofilm agents with low MBICs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms through metabolomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-690-7637
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (T.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (T.R.); (E.N.)
- Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Meral Sagiroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
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Vašková S, Slobodníková L, Fajtl D, Blažíčková S, Botek R, Melicháčová V. Biofilm-producing potential of urinary pathogens isolated from chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections and impact of biofilm on gentamicin and colistin in vitro efficacy. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2020; 69:3-9. [PMID: 32326710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The presented study was to compare in vitro biofilm production by bacterial strains from chronic/recurrent and from acute non-complicated UTIs. The activity of gentamicin and colistin on biofilm form of these strains has also been detected, with goal to predict the gentamicin and colistin therapeutic efficacy in the antimicrobial treatment of patients with a suspected presence of biofilm in urinary tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS The group of 40 bacterial strains repeatedly isolated from patients with chronic or recurrent UTIs was compared with the group of 40 strains from acute UTIs. Both groups contained comparable number of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm production was assessed by method in polystyrene microtiter plate. The MIC and MBC values of gentamicin and colistin were detected by broth microdilution assay. The minimal biofilm inhibitory (MBIC) and biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) were tested by microdilution method. Non-inactivated biofilm-associated bacteria were detected after overnight incubation in broth medium free of antimicrobials. The statistical analysis of results was performed by Fisher's exact test and by Student's t-test. RESULTS Biofilm was produced by 90% strains from chronic UTIs, but only by 52% of strains from acute UTIs (p = 0.0004). In the biofilm producing strains, the MBIC values of gentamicin reached from four to 256 mg/L, the MBIC levels of colistin from two to 64 mg/L. The minimal biofilm eradicating concentrations were even higher: for gentamicin from eight to > 512 mg/L, and for colistin from 32 to > 512 mg/L. The differences between MIC and MBIC/MBEC levels were statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001). Presumably, the therapeutic success of parenterally applied gentamicin or colistin on biofilm-related urinary tract infections would be, without respect to the high concentration of gentamicin or colistin achievable in urine during parenteral application, rather unpredictable. Local intravesical instillation would allow for achieving higher gentamicin and colistin concentrations; however, there is need for interpretation criteria for MBEC values concerning therapy, as well as for clinical studies allowing for application of those values to predict clinical success of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory detection of biofilm production and evaluation of the MBIC/MBEC values of antimicrobials for strains producing biofilm might be a valuable complement to the microbiologic diagnostics of chronic and recurrent UTIs. It might provide valuable information for more reliable individualised therapy and so decrease the risk of emergence and selection of multiresistant strains during repeated and non-eradicating therapy of chronic and recurrent UTIs.
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Thieme L, Hartung A, Tramm K, Klinger-Strobel M, Jandt KD, Makarewicz O, Pletz MW. MBEC Versus MBIC: the Lack of Differentiation between Biofilm Reducing and Inhibitory Effects as a Current Problem in Biofilm Methodology. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:18. [PMID: 31528123 PMCID: PMC6743098 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilms are communities of aggregated, matrix-embedded microbial cells showing a high tolerance to an in principle adequate antibiotic therapy, often resulting in treatment failure. A major challenge in the management of biofilm-associated infections is the development of adequate, standardized biofilm susceptibility testing assays that are clinically meaningful, i.e. that their results correlate with treatment outcome. Different biofilm susceptibility endpoint parameters like the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) or the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) have been suggested as a guide for treatment of biofilm-associated infections, however with inconsistent perception and use among biofilm researchers, leading to confusion and contradictions among different anti-biofilm component studies and clinical trials. Findings Evaluation of anti-biofilm effects is mostly based on the untreated reference growth control biofilm measured at the same endpoint as the treated biofilm, neglecting the possible change of the untreated reference biofilm from the time point of pre-antimicrobial exposure to the measured endpoint. In this commentary, we point out the importance of individual quantification of mature, established biofilms before antimicrobial treatment for each biofilm model in order to draw conclusions on the measured biofilm effect size, i.e. biofilm reducing (MBEC) or biofilm inhibitory (MBIC) effects. Conclusion The assessment of pre-treatment biofilms contributes to a standardized use of biofilm susceptibility endpoint parameters, which is urgently needed to improve the clinical validity of future anti-biofilm assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Thieme
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anita Hartung
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Tramm
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mareike Klinger-Strobel
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- 2Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena, 07743 Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- 1Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Partoazar A, Talaei N, Bahador A, Pourhajibagher M, Dehpour S, Sadati M, Bakhtiarian A. Antibiofilm activity of natural zeolite supported NanoZnO: inhibition of Esp gene expression of Enterococcus faecalis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:675-687. [PMID: 30702017 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm effect and esp gene downregulation of Enterococcus faecalis through nanozinc oxide fabricated on natural zeolite (NanoZnO/Ze). Materials & methods:Zeolite and NanoZnO/Ze materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate zinc release. E. faecalis biofilm formation and its esp gene expression were assessed under nanocomposite treatment. RESULTS Spherical-shaped ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 30 nm were dispersed on the zeolites surface. The leakage of cationic zinc from NanoZnO/Ze displayed a long lasting and considerable release content (p < 0.0001) compared with ZnO/Ze. NanoZnO/Ze effectively inhibited (p < 0.0001) biofilm formation and affected esp gene downregulation of E. faecalis. CONCLUSION Our results show that NanoZnO/Zeolite can potentiate against biofilm infections due to E. faecalis and possibly other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Talaei
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Sadati
- Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bakhtiarian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cruz CD, Shah S, Tammela P. Defining conditions for biofilm inhibition and eradication assays for Gram-positive clinical reference strains. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:173. [PMID: 30390625 PMCID: PMC6215609 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms are formed by a complex bacterial community encapsulated by a polymeric matrix, with strong adherent properties and persistent phenotype. Biofilms are considered one of the most challenging areas of modern medicine. Existing antibiotics have been developed against free-floating bacterial cells, and thus, many treatments of biofilm-related infection fail. In this study, we compared the effects of different media on biofilm growth of clinical reference strains of Staphylococci and Enterococci, including multi-drug resistant representatives. Further, we optimized the resazurin-based assay for determining the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of standard antibiotics, and evaluated its use for the determination of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). RESULTS We showed that tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glucose was an optimal media for maximum biofilm growth of all strains tested, with an extended incubation time for Enterococci. A range of parameters were tested for the resazurin assay, including concentration, temperature and time of incubation. Using quality parameters to analyze the assay's performance, the conditions for the resazurin assay were set as follows: 4 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, with incubation at 25 °C for 20 min and 40 min for Staphylococci and Enterococci, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we defined conditions for optimal biofilm growth and for standardized resazurin assay for MBIC determination against six Gram-positive clinical reference strains. We also observed that MBEC determination by the resazurin-based assay is limited due to the poor detection limit of the assay. Complementary cell counting data is needed for precise determination of MBEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shreya Shah
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland.
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Turan H, Demirbilek M. Biofilm-forming capacity of blood-borne Candida albicans strains and effects of antifungal agents. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:62-69. [PMID: 28988900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections related to Candida albicans biofilms and subsequent antifungal resistance have become more common with the increased use of indwelling medical devices. Regimens for preventing fungal biofilm formation are needed, particularly in high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the biofilm formation rate of multiple strains of Candida albicans (n=162 clinical isolates), their antifungal susceptibility patterns, and the efficacy of certain antifungals for preventing biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was graded using a modified Christensen's 96-well plate method. We further analyzed 30 randomly chosen intense biofilm-forming isolates using the XTT method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBIC) of caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined using the modified Calgary biofilm method. In addition, the inhibitory effects of antifungal agents on biofilm formation were investigated. Our study showed weak, moderate, and extensive biofilm formation in 29% (n=47), 38% (n=61), and 23% (n=37) of the isolates, respectively. We found that echinocandins had the lowest MBIC values and that itraconazole inhibited biofilm formation in more isolates (26/32; 81.3%) than other tested agents. In conclusion, echinocandins were most effective against formed biofilms, while itraconazole was most effective for preventing biofilm formation. Standardized methods are needed for biofilm antifungal sensitivity tests when determining the treatment and prophylaxis of C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Turan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Müge Demirbilek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Dai X, Wang L, Deivasigamni A, Looi CY, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A, Goh BC, Hui KM, Kumar AP, Mustafa MR, Sethi G. A novel benzimidazole derivative, MBIC inhibits tumor growth and promotes apoptosis via activation of ROS-dependent JNK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12831-12842. [PMID: 28086233 PMCID: PMC5355059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A prior screening programme carried out using MTT assay by our group identified a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives, among which Methyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (MBIC) showed highest anticancer efficacy compared to that of chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. In the present study, we found that MBIC inhibited cell viability in different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines without exerting significant cytotoxic effects on normal liver cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting results indicated that MBIC can induce apoptosis in HCC cells, which was found to be mediated through mitochondria associated proteins ultimately leading to the activation of caspase-3. The exposure to MBIC also resulted in remarkable impairment of HCC cell migration and invasion. In addition, treatment with MBIC led to a rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and substantial activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). The depletion of ROS by N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) partially blocked MBIC-induced apoptosis and JNK activation in HCC cells. Finally, MBIC significantly inhibited tumor growth at a dose of 25 mg/kg in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MBIC may inhibit cell proliferation via ROS-mediated activation of the JNK signaling cascade in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Amudha Deivasigamni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Arunasalam Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
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Mottola C, Matias CS, Mendes JJ, Melo-Cristino J, Tavares L, Cavaco-Silva P, Oliveira M. Susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in diabetic foot infections. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:119. [PMID: 27339028 PMCID: PMC4918071 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot infections are a major cause of morbidity in people with diabetes and the most common cause of diabetes-related hospitalization and lower extremity amputation. Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most frequent species isolated from these infections. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major clinical and epidemiological problem in hospitals. MRSA strains have the ability to be resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, but also to a wide range of other antimicrobials, making infections difficult to manage and very costly to treat. To date, there are two fifth-generation cephalosporins generally efficacious against MRSA, ceftaroline and ceftobripole, sharing a similar spectrum. Biofilm formation is one of the most important virulence traits of S. aureus. Biofilm growth plays an important role during infection by providing defence against several antagonistic mechanisms. In this study, we analysed the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of biofilm-producing S. aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot infections. The antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for ten antimicrobial compounds, along with the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), followed by PCR identification of genetic determinants of biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS Results demonstrate that very high concentrations of the most used antibiotics in treating diabetic foot infections (DFI) are required to inhibit S. aureus biofilms in vitro, which may explain why monotherapy with these agents frequently fails to eradicate biofilm infections. In fact, biofilms were resistant to antibiotics at concentrations 10-1000 times greater than the ones required to kill free-living or planktonic cells. The only antibiotics able to inhibit biofilm eradication on 50 % of isolates were ceftaroline and gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns cannot be applied to biofilm established infections. Selection of antimicrobial therapy is a critical step in DFI and should aim at overcoming biofilm disease in order to optimize the outcomes of this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mottola
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carina S. Matias
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João J. Mendes
- />Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Melo-Cristino
- />Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Microbiologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Cavaco-Silva
- />TechnoPhage, S.A., Lisbon, Portugal
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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