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Niinikoski I, Himanen S, Tenhunen M, Aromaa M, Lilja‐Maula L, Rajamäki MM. Evaluation of risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1135-1145. [PMID: 38358051 PMCID: PMC10937515 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachycephalic dogs display sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The risk factors for SDB remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for SDB. We hypothesized that brachycephaly, increasing severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), excess weight, and aging predispose to SDB. ANIMALS Sixty-three privately owned pet dogs were prospectively recruited: 28 brachycephalic and 35 normocephalic (mesaticephalic or dolicocephalic) dogs. METHODS Prospective observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. Recording with the neckband was done over 1 night at each dog's home. The primary outcome measure was the obstructive respiratory event index (OREI). Body condition score (BCS) was assessed, and BOAS severity was graded for brachycephalic dogs. RESULTS Brachycephaly was a significant risk factor for high OREI value (ratio of the geometric means 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-9.9; P < .001) but aging was not (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2; P = .2). Excess weight, defined as a BCS of over 5/9, (3.5, 95% CI 1.8-6.7; P < .001) was a significant risk factor. In brachycephalic dogs, BOAS-positive class (moderate or severe BOAS signs) was a significant risk factor (2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.6; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Brachycephaly decreases welfare in a multitude of ways, including disrupting sleep. Brachycephaly, increasing severity of BOAS and excess weight are risk factors for obstructive SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Niinikoski
- Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sari‐Leena Himanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyTampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Mirja Tenhunen
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyTampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Department of Medical PhysicsTampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Mimma Aromaa
- Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Liisa Lilja‐Maula
- Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Minna M. Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Dimopoulou M, Engdahl K, Ladlow J, Andersson G, Hedhammar Å, Skiöldebrand E, Ljungvall I. The epidemiology of upper respiratory tract disorders in a population of insured Swedish dogs (2011-2014), and its association to brachycephaly. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8765. [PMID: 37253809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders are common in dogs but neither general nor breed-related epidemiological data are widely reported. This study´s aims were to describe the epidemiology of URT disorders in a Swedish population of dogs and to investigate whether brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented among high-risk breeds. A cohort of dogs insured by Agria Djurförsäkring in Sweden (2011-2014) was used to calculate overall and breed-specific incidence rate (IR), age at first URT diagnosis and relative risk (RR) for URT disorders. For breeds with high RR for URT disorders, co-morbidities throughout the dog's insurance period and age at death were investigated. The cohort included approximately 450,000 dogs. URT disorders had an overall IR of 50.56 (95% CI; 49.14-52.01) per 10,000 dog years at risk. Among 327 breeds, the English bulldog, Japanese chin, Pomeranian, Norwich terrier and pug had highest RR of URT disorders. Eight of 13 breeds with high RR for URT disorders were brachycephalic. The median age at first URT diagnosis was 6.00 years (interquartile range 2.59-9.78). French bulldogs with URT diagnoses had a significantly shorter life span (median = 3.61 years) than other breeds with URT diagnosis (median = 7.81 years). Dogs with high risk for URT disorders had more co-morbidities than average.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Ladlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Skiöldebrand
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Nakazawa Y, Ohshima T, Fujita M, Fujiwara-Igarashi A. Retrospective study of 1050 dogs with respiratory symptoms in Japan (2005-2020). Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:638-644. [PMID: 36253879 PMCID: PMC10029908 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the incidence of respiratory diseases based on anatomical sites or the relationship between breed and these diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of canine respiratory diseases among dogs in Japan, with relationship to the breed. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of dogs with respiratory symptoms and calculated the odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the relationship between breed and disease. RESULTS A total of 1050 dogs with respiratory symptoms were included in this study. Miniature dachshunds were the most common breed affected by respiratory diseases. Among tracheobronchial diseases, there was a significant association between some small breeds and tracheobronchial collapse, miniature dachshunds (OR: 4.44, 8.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.17-6.22, 4.33-16.0) and chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Among nasal diseases, miniature dachshunds (OR: 27.2, 95% CI: 16.8-44.8) and golden retrievers (OR: 21.0, 95% CI: 6.43-69.3) were the most affected by non-infectious rhinitis and nasal aspergillosis, respectively. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was the most common disease among pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases, with a relationship with breed being found in some brachycephalic breeds, and Pomeranians (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.42-5.17). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory diseases in dogs are strongly correlated with popular breeds in Japan. Miniature dachshunds, in particular, are associated with many respiratory diseases, which may differ from international reports. Thus, this result may help in the early detection, prevention, treatment, and elucidation of the pathophysiology of canine respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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Phillips H. Updates in Upper Respiratory Surgery. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:339-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Domínguez-Ruiz M, Reinero CR, Vientos-Plotts A, Grobman ME, Silverstein D, Gomes E, Le Boedec K. Association between respiratory clinical signs and respiratory localization in dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns. Vet J 2021; 277:105761. [PMID: 34655790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic values of respiratory signs have been under-investigated in pets. The study aim was to explore commonly assumed associations between respiratory signs and disease localization in pets with abnormal breathing patterns (ABP). Dogs and cats with ABP presenting to three hospitals were included if investigations permitted disease localization. Hypothesized associations between respiratory signs and disease location were evaluated via mixed-effects logistic regression. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive diagnostic likelihood ratio were calculated. One-hundred and fifteen dogs and 49 cats with ABP were recruited. Confirmed associations included: inspiratory effort with extra-thoracic airway disease (odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.0-27.2); expiratory effort with intra-thoracic airway disease (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.3-18.1); paradoxical breathing and attenuation of heart/lung sounds with pleural space disease (paradoxical breathing: OR, 4.5; 95% CI 1.7-12.1; sound attenuation: OR, 11.5; 95% CI 4.0-33.3); decreased nasal airflow and stertor with nasal/pharyngeal disease (nasal airflow: OR, 26.2; 95% CI 8.1-84.8; stertor: OR, 155.2; 95% CI 24.9-968.8); stridor with laryngeal or tracheal disease (laryngeal disease: OR, 39.9; 95% CI 7.6-209.0; tracheal disease: OR, 32.4; 95% CI 4.2-248.0); tracheal sensitivity with bronchial disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI 1.5-9.6); crackles with pulmonary or bronchial disease (pulmonary disease: OR, 5.4; 95% CI 2.1-13.8; bronchial disease: OR, 3.9; 95% CI 1.6-9.8); and goose honking with tracheal disease (all dogs with goose honking had tracheal involvement). Select respiratory signs provide guidance to localize and prioritize causes of the underlying respiratory disease in pets, allowing targeted interventions in animals with ABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Domínguez-Ruiz
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - C R Reinero
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A Vientos-Plotts
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M E Grobman
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - D Silverstein
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Spruce St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Gomes
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - K Le Boedec
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France.
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Johnson LR, Mayhew PD, Culp WTN, Stanley BJ. Results of owner questionnaires describing long-term outcome in Norwich terriers with upper airway syndrome: 2011-2018. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1950-1956. [PMID: 34076315 PMCID: PMC8295680 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Norwich terriers are affected by an upper airway syndrome (NTUAS) but little is known about outcome in affected dogs. Objective To determine outcome in dogs with NTUAS using owner questionnaires. Animals Thirty‐four client‐owned dogs. Methods At initial assessment, owners were questioned about respiratory noises and exercise tolerance. A NTUAS score was prospectively constructed based on the number and severity of obstructive lesions detected endoscopically (range, 0‐25). Owner questionnaires on respiratory noises, exercise tolerance, and quality of life (QOL) were obtained 2.2‐9.3 years (median, 4.2 years) after endoscopy. Results Dogs ranged from 0.5 to 10.7 years of age (median, 4.75 years) at initial examination and no correlation was found between age and NTUAS score (median, 13; range, 1‐25). Of 5 possible laryngeal abnormalities, 7 dogs had 1‐2, 10 dogs had 3, and 17 dogs had 4‐5 abnormalities (median, 3.5). Surgery was performed in 15 dogs, which had higher NTUAS scores (18.5 ± 6.3) than dogs that did not have surgery (7.7 ± 4.7, P < .0001). Scores for QOL ranged from 0 to 31 out of 40, with higher scores indicating worse QOL. Owner surveys resulted in QOL scores of ≤3 in 25/31 dogs (81%), with worse scores in dogs that had surgery performed (median 5, vs 0; P = .003). No correlation was noted between NTUAS and QOL scores, but age at follow‐up was weakly associated with worse QOL. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Despite variable severity of NTUAS scores, owners reported excellent QOL for most Norwich terriers examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Philipp D Mayhew
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bryden J Stanley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
Laryngeal diseases are manifested by obstructive breathing patterns reflecting functional or mechanical upper airway obstruction. Laryngeal paralysis is the most common disease of the larynx. Diagnosis requires close attention to anesthetic plane and coordination of respiratory effort with laryngeal motion. Surgical arytenoid lateralization improves clinical signs and quality of life in dogs; however, aspiration pneumonia is a recognized complication, and generalized neuropathy can progress. Laryngeal collapse can result from any cause of chronic upper airway obstruction but is most often associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Although uncommon, laryngeal neoplasia has a guarded to grave prognosis regardless of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M MacPhail
- Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-160, USA.
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8
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Taylor CJ, Simon BT, Stanley BJ, Lai GP, Thieman Mankin KM. Norwich terriers possess a greater vertebral heart scale than the canine reference value. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 61:10-15. [PMID: 31574571 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated evidence that normal reference ranges for radiographic vertebral heart scale values can vary among dog breeds. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study was to determine whether the normal vertebral heart scale values published by Buchanan and Bücheler for lateral radiographs are applicable to the Norwich terrier. Secondary objectives were to determine if clinical signs of respiratory disease, age, sex, weight, body condition score, recumbency, or thoracic depth-to-width ratio had any influence on vertebral heart scale measurements in this breed. The electronic medical record systems of two universities were reviewed and Norwich terriers were included in the study if they had orthogonal thoracic radiographs performed and no historical or radiographic evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. A vertebral heart scale was calculated for each patient. Sixty-one client-owned, Norwich terrier dogs with no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were evaluated. The vertebral heart scale for Norwich terriers without evidence of cardiac disease (10.6 ± 0.6) was found to be significantly greater than the canine reference value of 9.7 ± 0.5 initially established by Buchanan and Bücheler. No significant correlation was found between clinical signs of respiratory disease, sex, age, thoracic depth-to-width ratio or lateral recumbency, and vertebral heart scale. Norwich terriers with a body condition score ≥6 had a significantly higher vertebral heart scale than those with a body condition score ≤5. Breed-specific ranges and body condition scores need to be considered when interpreting vertebral heart scale values for Norwich terriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Bradley T Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Grace P Lai
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Penfold MJ, Zee J, Hartman MJ. Laryngopharyngeal mucosal fold causing upper airway obstruction in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miles John Penfold
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaFaculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Johannes Zee
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaFaculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Marthinus Jacobus Hartman
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaFaculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaSouth Africa
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An ADAMTS3 missense variant is associated with Norwich Terrier upper airway syndrome. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008102. [PMID: 31095560 PMCID: PMC6521993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In flat-faced dog breeds, air resistance caused by skull conformation is believed to be a major determinant of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). The clinical presentation of BOAS is heterogeneous, suggesting determinants independent of skull conformation contribute to airway disease. Norwich Terriers, a mesocephalic breed, are predisposed to Upper Airway Syndrome (UAS), a disease whose pathological features overlap with BOAS. Our health screening clinic examined and scored the airways of 401 Norwich terriers by laryngoscopy. Genome-wide association analyses of UAS-related pathologies revealed a genetic association on canine chromosome 13 (rs9043975, p = 7.79x10-16). Whole genome resequencing was used to identify causal variant(s) within a 414 kb critical interval. This approach highlighted an error in the CanFam3.1 dog assembly, which when resolved, led to the discovery of a c.2786G>A missense variant in exon 20 of the positional candidate gene, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 3 (ADAMTS3). In addition to segregating with UAS amongst Norwich Terriers, the ADAMTS3 c.2786G>A risk allele frequency was enriched among the BOAS-susceptible French and (English) Bulldogs. Previous studies indicate that ADAMTS3 loss of function results in lymphoedema. Our results suggest a new paradigm in the understanding of canine upper airway disease aetiology: airway oedema caused by disruption of ADAMTS3 predisposes dogs to respiratory obstruction. These findings will enhance breeding practices and could refine the prognostics of surgical interventions that are often used to treat airway obstruction. Respiratory diseases are prevalent across dog breeds, particularly in brachycephalic breeds such as the Bulldog and French bulldog. The flat facial conformation of these breeds has long been assumed to be the major predisposing factor, however, the underlying genetics of their respiratory condition has never been elucidated. We became interested in the Norwich Terrier, a breed presenting with many of the same respiratory disease symptoms as the Bulldog. A distinction, however, is that the Norwich terrier is not considered to be a brachycephalic breed and so presented an opportunity to dissociate respiratory disease from head conformation. We performed a genome-wide association analysis for respiratory disease severity in the Norwich Terrier and resolved an association on chromosome 13 to a missense mutation in ADAMTS3. Variants in this gene were previously shown to cause an oedematous phenotype–a disease characteristic in the airways of affected Norwich Terriers and brachycephalic dogs alike. We screened over 100 breeds for the ADAMTS3 variant and found that it is enriched in the Norwich Terrier, Bulldog and French Bulldog. This discovery changes how we view respiratory disease predisposition in the dog, offers potential genetic screens and highlights a new biological function for ADAMTS3.
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Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupré G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Vet Surg 2016; 45:83-90. [PMID: 26731598 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the nasopharyngeal airway dimensions of two brachycephalic breeds and to localize the area of smallest airway dimensions. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, descriptive, computed tomographic imaging study. ANIMALS Thirty pugs and 30 French bulldogs with brachycephalic upper airway syndrome. METHODS The thickness and length of the soft palate, cross-sectional area of the airway passage dorsal to the soft and hard palates, and cross-sectional area of the frontal sinus were measured and normalized to each dog's skull index and body weight before statistical comparison between breeds. Nasopharyngeal turbinates and surrounding airway space, and a possible relationship between the canine tooth angulation and the severity of airway obstruction were assessed. RESULTS Pugs had significantly smaller cross-sectional areas of the airway dorsal to the soft and hard palates than French bulldogs. In both breeds, the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas were located dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate. The soft palate of pugs was significantly shorter than that of French bulldogs and also significantly thinner when normalized to each dog's skull index. Pugs more commonly exhibited nasopharyngeal turbinates. Pugs had significantly smaller air-filled cavities at the location of the frontal sinus. No correlation between the nasopharyngeal dimensions and canine tooth angulation was observed. CONCLUSION Computed tomographic assessment of the upper airway morphology showed the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas were located dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate in both breeds. Pugs had a smaller nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area despite smaller soft palate dimensions than French bulldogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Heidenreich
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gradner
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Dupré
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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De Lorenzi D, Mantovani C, Tripaldi F, Ferasin H. Redundant arytenoid mucosa: clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in three cats. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 57:40-3. [PMID: 26780855 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three cats showing chronic, intermittent respiratory distress associated with increased noise on inspiration were examined. Head, neck and thoracic radiographs were unremarkable and laboratory findings were within normal ranges. In all three cats direct laryngoscopy revealed bilateral redundant arytenoid mucosa, which collapsed into the supraglottic and glottis airways during inspiration. Temporary tracheostomy and endoscopic diode laser excision of the excessive mucosa resolved symptoms in all three cats. Redundant arytenoid mucosa is a rare condition that may cause signs similar to laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal mass in cats. According to our results, diode laser surgery in association with temporary tracheostomy appears an appropriate mode of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Lorenzi
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Mantovani
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Tripaldi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - H Ferasin
- Specialist Veterinary Cardiology Consultancy Ltd, 2 Old Bath Road, Newbury, Guildford, RG14 1QL
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- R F V Spaull
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK Medivet Watford, 237 St Albans Road, Watford, Hertfordshire, WD24 5BP, UK
| | - E J Friend
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK Vale Referrals, The Animal Hospital, The Avenue, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire, GL11 6AJ, UK
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