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Loundagin LL, Harrison KD, Wei X, Cooper DML. Understanding basic multicellular unit activity in cortical bone through 3D morphological analysis: New methods to define zones of the remodeling space. Bone 2024; 179:116960. [PMID: 37972746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The activity of basic multicellular units (BMU) in cortical bone is classically described as a sequential order of events- resorption, reversal and formation. This simplified portrayal of the remodeling process is pervasive despite the reported variability in remodeling space morphology. These variations may reflect meaningful nuances in BMU activity but methods to quantify 3D remodeling space morphology within the context of the cellular activity are currently lacking. This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The tibiae of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 5) were imaged in vivo using synchrotron radiation and two weeks later ex vivo with desktop microCT. The in vivo and ex vivo datasets were co-registered, and 27 remodeling spaces were identified at both timepoints. A radial profile representing the 3D morphology was the platform for partitioning the remodeling spaces into resorption, reversal and formation zones. Manual, automated and semi-automated partitioning approaches were compared, and the zone-segmentations were used to calculate the length, change in radius and slope of each zone. The manual approach most accurately defined the zones of idealized remodeling spaces with known dimensions (relative error = 0.9-9.2 %) while the semi-automated method reliably defined the zones in rabbit remodeling spaces (ICC = 0.85-1.00). Combining LER and the manually derived zone dimensions indicated that a BMU passes through a cross-section in approximately 18.8 days with resorption, reversal and formation taking 4.1, 2.2, and 12.5 days, respectively. MAR estimated by the 3D analysis was not significantly different than that determined with classic histomorphometry (p = 0.48). These techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation, eliminate the need for fluorochrome labeling and provide a more comprehensive perspective of the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Loundagin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Kim D Harrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Harrison KD, Sales E, Hiebert BD, Panahifar A, Zhu N, Arnason T, Swekla KJ, Pivonka P, Chapman LD, Cooper DM. Direct Assessment of Rabbit Cortical Bone Basic Multicellular Unit Longitudinal Erosion Rate: A 4D Synchrotron-Based Approach. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2244-2258. [PMID: 36069373 PMCID: PMC10091719 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortical bone remodeling is carried out by basic multicellular units (BMUs), which couple resorption to formation. Although fluorochrome labeling has facilitated study of BMU formative parameters since the 1960s, some resorptive parameters, including the longitudinal erosion rate (LER), have remained beyond reach of direct measurement. Indeed, our only insights into this spatiotemporal parameter of BMU behavior come from classical studies that indirectly inferred LER. Here, we demonstrate a 4D in vivo method to directly measure LER through in-line phase contrast synchrotron imaging. The tibias of rabbits (n = 15) dosed daily with parathyroid hormone were first imaged in vivo (synchrotron micro-CT; day 15) and then ex vivo 14 days later (conventional micro-CT; day 29). Mean LER assessed by landmarking the co-registered scans was 23.69 ± 1.73 μm/d. This novel approach holds great promise for the direct study of the spatiotemporal coordination of bone remodeling, its role in diseases such as osteoporosis, as well as related treatments. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Harrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Erika Sales
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Beverly D Hiebert
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Arash Panahifar
- BioMedical Imaging and Therapy Beamline, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- BioMedical Imaging and Therapy Beamline, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Terra Arnason
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kurtis J Swekla
- Animal Care and Research Support Office, Office of the Vice President of Research, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L Dean Chapman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David Ml Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic protocols in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) undergoing gonadectomy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15962. [PMID: 36153361 PMCID: PMC9509369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Egyptian fruit bats have gained increasing interest being a natural reservoir for emerging zoonotic viruses. Anaesthesia is often required to allow safe handling of bats. We aimed to compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of two balanced anaesthetic protocols in bats undergoing gonadectomy. Group DK (n = 10) received intramuscular dexmedetomidine (40 µg/kg) and ketamine (7 mg/kg), whereas group DBM (n = 10) received intramuscular dexmedetomidine (40 µg/kg), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg). Induction time and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded. If anaesthetic plan was inadequate, isoflurane was titrated-to-effect. At the end of surgery venous blood gas analysis was performed and atipamezole or atipamezole-flumazenil was administered for timed and scored recovery. In DBM group heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were significantly higher (p = 0.001; p = 0.003 respectively), while respiratory rate was significantly lower (p = 0.001). All bats required isoflurane supplementation with no significant differences between groups. Induction and recovery times showed no significant differences. In group DK a better recovery was scored (p = 0.034). Sodium and chloride were significantly higher in DBM group (p = 0.001; p = 0.002 respectively). Both anaesthetic protocols were comparable and can be recommended for minor procedures in bats.
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Freitag FA, Ferreira AA, Teixeira WT, Kerr CL, Duque JC. Sedative effects of an intramuscular or intranasal combination of sufentanil and midazolam in New Zealand White rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:468-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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WEI Y, HORI A, CHEN IY, TAMOGI H, HIROKAWA T, KATO K, ITAMI T, SANO T, YAMASHITA K. Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:792-798. [PMID: 35400673 PMCID: PMC9246693 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a mucosal atomization device (MAD) has been applied in veterinary medicine. In
the present study, the maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration using MAD
was examined in eight healthy female Japanese White (JW) rabbits. Each rabbit had their
head and neck examined by computed tomography before and after nasal atomization with four
different doses (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 ml per nostril) of diluted contrast medium (1:2
mixture of iohexol and saline). This was done under general anesthesia by an intramuscular
administration of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg, medetomidine 40 μg/kg, and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg,
with a 7-day washout period between each treatment. The diluted contrast medium was
distributed in the nasal cavity, external nares, and/or oral cavity in all rabbits
receiving each treatment. The intranasal distribution volumes of the contrast medium were
287 (250–333) mm3 [median (interquartile range)] for 0.15 ml, 433 (243–555)
mm3 for 0.3 ml, 552 (356–797) mm3 for 0.45 ml, and 529 (356–722)
mm3 for 0.6 ml of treatment. The intranasal distribution volume for 0.15 ml
treatment tended to be lower than that for 0.6 ml treatment (P=0.083).
The contrast medium was deposited in the trachea in one rabbit (12.5%) and four rabbits
(50%) receiving treatments of 0.45 and 0.6 ml per nostril, respectively. The maximum
volume of nasal atomization without aspiration into the trachea was 0.3 ml per nostril for
the JW rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian WEI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Ai HORI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - I-Ying CHEN
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Haruka TAMOGI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Taku HIROKAWA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Keiko KATO
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Takaharu ITAMI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Tadashi SANO
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazuto YAMASHITA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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Influences of Gender on Intravenous Nalbuphine Actions After Major Abdominal Surgery: A Multicenter Study. Pain Ther 2021; 10:1215-1233. [PMID: 34110603 PMCID: PMC8586316 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nalbuphine, a synthetic kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist and a partial µ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, has been used for years as an effective analgesic. It has been shown to have a better safety profile than morphine. Considering the long history of use of this drug, it is interesting that only a limited amount of information exists on how gender differences influence nalbuphine responses. In this randomized double-blind comparative trial after major abdominal surgery, the analgesic effects of two doses of continuous intravenous infusion of nalbuphine were evaluated based on gender. METHODS Enrolled patients were divided into four groups (two females and two males with 32 patients in each group). Two of them (groups A1 and A2), one male and one female, received postoperative continuous intravenous infusions of nalbuphine at 2 mg/h via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Each patient had the potential of receiving a rescue bolus of 1 mg of nalbuphine with a lock out time of 15 min. The other two groups (groups B1 and B2) received half the infusion dose, 1 mg/h, and half the nalbuphine rescue dose with the PCA pump, 0.5 mg maximum every 15 min as needed. Patients' vital signs, numerical pain rating scores, rescue nalbuphine, and incidence of side effects were assessed immediately after the operation, and every 3 h during the first 12 h. RESULTS Nalbuphine 2 mg/h dosing led to significantly lower pain scores amongst females compared to males at 6, 9, and 12 h; while the 1 mg/h infusion pain scores were only lower at the 9-h time period. Females receiving the nalbuphine 2 mg dose at 6 h, and the 1 mg dose at 6, 9, and 12-h measurements needed significantly lower doses of rescue nalbuphine. Females on the 1 mg dose experienced significantly more nausea, vomiting, and sedation at the 6-, 9-, and 12-h measurement times. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was a negative predictor at all measurement times. CONCLUSIONS The current study supports the hypothesis that although nalbuphine was found to be an effective and well-tolerated analgesic after major abdominal surgery, females were statistically more responsive than males. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Pan African Clinical trials Registry PACTR201304000486309, and approved for the Ethical aspects.
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Abstract
With the increasing frequency of rabbits as veterinary patients, the expectation for high-quality, intensive veterinary care, and resultantly an understanding of anesthesia has been increasing. Sedation and general anesthesia are commonly required for many routine and emergency procedures in rabbits, and this results in the need for a strong awareness of anesthetic principles, knowledge of limitations of anesthesia, and maintenance of high standards of anesthesia.
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Di Salvo A, Conti MB, Nannarone S, Bufalari A, Giorgi M, Moretti G, Marenzoni ML, Della Rocca G. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic efficacy of intranasal administration of tramadol in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:557-566. [PMID: 32513525 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess analgesic efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of intranasal (IN) tramadol in dogs following ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 30 bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (10 dogs per group): IN tramadol 4 mg kg-1 (group T-IN), intravenous (IV) tramadol 4 mg kg-1 (group T-IV) and IV methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 (group M). Drugs were administered at extubation. At established time points (before surgery and up to 8 hours after drug administration) analgesia was assessed using the Italian version of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form and physiological variables were recorded. To determine the pharmacokinetics of IN tramadol, blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess whether data were normally distributed and consequently parametric or non parametric tests were applied. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS No significant intergroup differences were observed in the dogs that were administered rescue analgesia and time of its administration. Excluding dogs that were administered rescue analgesia, no significant intergroup differences emerged in pain scores and physiological variables, except for a lower rectal temperature in group M compared with the tramadol groups. After IN administration, tramadol was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching its maximum concentration (range 74.74-200.29 ng mL-1) within 30-60 minutes, it then decreased rapidly and was detectable in plasma for up to 2 hours after treatment in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IN tramadol administration appears to be as effective as IV tramadol and methadone treatments in pain management of dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy. Given its low concentrations and short detection time in plasma after the IN route, systemic tramadol action appears unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Conti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Nannarone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Kirihara Y, Takechi M, Kurosaki K, Matsuo H, Kajitani N, Saito Y. Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits. Exp Anim 2019; 68:443-452. [PMID: 31092746 PMCID: PMC6842807 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID), and butorphanol (BUT) mixed anesthetic (MMB) has
been used in laboratory animals since ketamine (KET) was designated as a narcotic in Japan
in 2007. We previously reported that MMB produced anesthetic effects in mice and rats. We
also demonstrated the efficacy of atipamezole (ATI), an antagonist of MED produced a quick
recovery from anesthesia. Anesthetics have various anesthetic effects among different
animal species. However, there is little information regarding its effects in rabbits. In
the present study, we examined anesthetic effects of MMB compared to KET and xylazine
mixed anesthetic (KX). We examined the antagonistic effects of ATI by intramuscular (IM)
or intravenous (IV) injection in rabbits. We used the anesthetic score to measure surgical
anesthetic duration and recovery time from anesthesia. During the experiments, we measured
heart rate, respiratory rate, O2-saturation, and blood pressure. We found there
were no significant differences in anesthetic duration and recovery time between MMB and
KX. There were no significant differences in heart rate after administration of MMB or KX.
Systolic blood pressure at 10 min after administration of MMB was higher than that of KX.
The antagonistic effect of ATI by IV injection worked faster than that by IM injection.
Overall, MMB is a useful drug that can induce similar anesthetic effects to KX and has an
antagonist of ATI that makes rabbits quickly recover from anesthesia. These results may
contribute to the welfare of laboratory animals, especially rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kirihara
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takechi
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurosaki
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoji Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Doss GA, Fink DM, Mans C. Assessment of sedation after intranasal administration of midazolam and midazolam-butorphanol in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:1246-1252. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.12.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cui W, Liu Q, Xiong S, Qiao L. LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Dexmedetomidine, Dezocine, and Midazolam in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Their Pharmacokinetic Study. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:3184759. [PMID: 29888025 PMCID: PMC5985101 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3184759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and accurate LC-MS/MS method was established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of dexmedetomidine, dezocine, and midazolam in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 µm) using a mobile phase composed of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile. The lower limits of quantification were 0.1, 0.1, and 0.2 ng/mL for dexmedetomidine, dezocine, and midazolam in rat plasma, respectively. The analytes were determined with selected reaction monitoring under positive ionization mode. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy were all within acceptable limits during the entire validation, and the stability of analytes was acceptable under various storage conditions. The validated method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies of dexmedetomidine, dezocine, and midazolam following intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Cui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Lujun Qiao
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, China
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Anantharam P, Kim DS, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Imerman P, Padhi P, Rumbeiha WK. Midazolam Efficacy Against Acute Hydrogen Sulfide-Induced Mortality and Neurotoxicity. J Med Toxicol 2018; 14:79-90. [PMID: 29318511 PMCID: PMC6013736 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-017-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, highly neurotoxic gas. It is not only an occupational and environmental hazard but also of concern to the Department of Homeland Security for potential nefarious use. Acute high-dose H2S exposure causes death, while survivors may develop neurological sequelae. Currently, there is no suitable antidote for treatment of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity. Midazolam (MDZ), an anti-convulsant drug recommended for treatment of nerve agent intoxications, could also be of value in treating acute H2S intoxication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MDZ is effective in preventing/treating acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity. This proof-of-concept study had two objectives: to determine whether MDZ prevents/reduces H2S-induced mortality and to test whether MDZ prevents H2S-induced neurological sequelae. MDZ (4 mg/kg) was administered IM in mice, 5 min pre-exposure to a high concentration of H2S at 1000 ppm or 12 min post-exposure to 1000 ppm H2S followed by 30 min of continuous exposure. A separate experiment tested whether MDZ pre-treatment prevented neurological sequelae. Endpoints monitored included assessment of clinical signs, mortality, behavioral changes, and brain histopathological changes. MDZ significantly reduced H2S-induced lethality, seizures, knockdown, and behavioral deficits (p < 0.01). MDZ also significantly prevented H2S-induced neurological sequelae, including weight loss, behavior deficits, neuroinflammation, and histopathologic lesions (p < 0.01). Overall, our findings show that MDZ is a promising drug for reducing H2S-induced acute mortality, neurotoxicity, and neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Paula Imerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Piyush Padhi
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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