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Makrakis LR, Oliveira VC, Santos ES, Nascimento C, Watanabe E, Ribeiro AB, Silva-Lovato CH. Analysis of microbial communities of ocular prostheses and anophthalmic sockets using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:555-564. [PMID: 37470406 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2236562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ocular prostheses are liable to host microbial adhesion, which can favor conjunctival inflammation. Knowing the microbiota of the ocular prosthesis and anophthalmic socket is important for predicting infection-related pathogens. This study evaluated the microbiota of the prostheses and anophthalmic sockets of six individuals by 16S rRNA sequencing. The microbial abundance and diversity were analyzed using the Operational Taxonomic Units at the genus level. Forty-seven phyla, capturing 1,258 named genera, were recorded in the sample set. In both sites, the most frequent genera were Fusobacterium, Staphylococcus, Prevotella, and Streptococcus. The microbial abundance was higher for the anophthalmic socket than for the prosthesis. Alpha diversity showed no significant differences in bacterial richness or diversity between sites. Although the microbial abundance in the anophthalmic socket was higher, both sites had similar microbiota with high diversity and low dominance among the genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Makrakis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V C Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network-HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E S Santos
- Department of Clinical Toxicological and Bromatologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Watanabe
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network-HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A B Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C H Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhao H, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Xu J, Zhang C, Fu M, Xiong K. Conjunctival sac microbiome in anophthalmic patients: Flora diversity and the impact of ocular prosthesis materials. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1117673. [PMID: 36960044 PMCID: PMC10027910 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the changes of bacterial flora in anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prosthesis (OP) and the microbiome diversity in conditions of different OP materials. Methods A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted, involving 19 OP patients and 23 healthy subjects. Samples were collected from the upper, lower palpebral, caruncle, and fornix conjunctiva. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to identify the bacterial flora in the samples. The eye comfort of each OP patient was determined by a questionnaire. In addition, demographics information of each participant was also collected. Results The diversity and richness of ocular flora in OP patients were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects. The results of flora species analysis also indicated that in OP patients, pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia Shigella and Fusobacterium increased significantly, while the resident flora of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus decreased significantly. Within the self-comparison of OP patients, compared with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), prosthetic material of glass will lead to the increased colonization of opportunistic pathogens such as Alcaligenes, Dermabacter and Spirochaetes, while gender and age have no significant impact on ocular flora. Conclusions The ocular flora of OP patients was significantly different from that of healthy people. Abundant colonization of pathogenic microorganisms may have an important potential relationship with eye discomfort and eye diseases of OP patients. PMMA, as an artificial eye material, demonstrated potential advantages in reducing the colonization of opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xiong, ; Min Fu,
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xiong, ; Min Fu,
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Disinfectant effects of Brazilian green propolis alcohol solutions on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm of maxillofacial prosthesis polymers. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:1405-1411. [PMID: 33992467 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Brazilian green propolis may be an alternative product that reduces the development of a microbial biofilm on the polymers used for maxillofacial prostheses. However, its effects as a disinfectant have not been fully established. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of Brazilian green propolis alcohol solutions against the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on polymers used in maxillofacial prostheses, the maxillofacial silicone elastomer (MDX4-4210), and specific acrylic resins for ocular prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 324 disk-shaped specimens (3×10 mm) of each material were fabricated. All specimens were contaminated with S. aureus (108 cells/mL) to assess the antibiofilm activity of immersion solutions and protocols. Thus, 162 specimens of each material were randomly distributed and equally divided into 5 groups of disinfectants and 1 control group: 3 separate groups of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% propolis alcohol solutions, 1 group of 5% propolis alcohol gel, a positive control group of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and a negative control group of distilled water. Specimens (n=9) were disinfected by immersion for 5, 10, and 15 minutes and immersed in culture medium for 24 hours. Any notable turgescence in the final medium was considered indicative of a biofilm. The effects of disinfectants were analyzed by a turbidity assay and by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS The final medium with specimens disinfected with 10% propolis alcohol solution showed no turbidity, indicating constant efficacy against the S. aureus biofilm. Similarly, these findings were observed in the 2% chlorhexidine gluconate group. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the surface of the polymers treated with 10% propolis alcohol solution did not show bacterial colonies. CONCLUSIONS Disinfection with 10% green propolis alcohol solution was effective in eliminating the S. aureus biofilm from specimens of maxillofacial elastomer and N1 acrylic resin specific to ocular prostheses by immersion for 5 minutes.
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The Inflammation Level and a Microbiological Analysis of the Anophthalmic Cavities of Unilateral Ocular Prosthesis Users: A Blind, Randomized Observational Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111486. [PMID: 36358141 PMCID: PMC9686759 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritation and biofilm adhesion are complaints associated with ocular prosthesis use. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prosthesis repolishing on several conditions of anophthalmic volunteers. Participants were divided into two groups: intervention (IG, n = 10) and nonintervention (NIG, n = 6) groups. The anophthalmic cavity, contralateral eye, and prosthesis surface were evaluated at initial, day 15, and day 30 after repolishing. Microbiological analysis (colony-forming units), exfoliative cytology (conjunctiva inflammatory cells), sensory analysis (quantitative mechanical sensory test), tear production (Schirmer’s test), and conjunctival inflammation (clinical evaluation) were performed. Nonparametric tests were used to compare groups in the initial period and to analyze periods for the IG (p < 0.05). More microorganisms were formed in the anophthalmic socket and prosthesis than in the contralateral eye in the initial period. For IG, the anophthalmic cavity exhibited more microorganisms and inflammatory clinical signs in the initial period than at 15 and 30 after repolishing. The prosthesis showed greater accumulations of total bacteria and Candida albicans in the initial period than at 15 and 30 days after repolishing. The anophthalmic cavity had more palpebral inflammation than the contralateral eye. In conclusion, repolishing reduced the number of microorganisms and inflammatory signs over time.
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Konduri R, Saiabhilash CR, Shivaji S. Biofilm-Forming Potential of Ocular Fluid Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on Ex Vivo Human Corneas from Attachment to Dispersal Phase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061124. [PMID: 34067392 PMCID: PMC8224674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm-forming potential of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from patients with Endophthalmitis, was monitored using glass cover slips and cadaveric corneas as substrata. Both the ocular fluid isolates exhibited biofilm-forming potential by the Congo red agar, Crystal violet and 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-(phenylamino) carbonyl-2H-tetra-zolium hydroxide (XTT) methods. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the thickness of the biofilm increased from 4–120 h of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilms grown on cover slips and ex vivo corneas of both the isolates go through an adhesion phase at 4 h followed by multilayer clumping of cells with intercellular connections and copious amounts of extracellular polymeric substance. Clumps subsequently formed columns and eventually single cells were visible indicative of dispersal phase. Biofilm formation was more rapid when the cornea was used as a substratum. In the biofilms grown on corneas, clumping of cells, formation of 3D structures and final appearance of single cells indicative of dispersal phase occurred by 48 h compared to 96–120 h when biofilms were grown on cover slips. In the biofilm phase, both were several-fold more resistant to antibiotics compared to planktonic cells. This is the first study on biofilm forming potential of ocular fluid S. aureus and S. epidermidis on cadaveric cornea, from attachment to dispersal phase of biofilm formation.
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Gonçalves NDL, Borges VM, de Arruda JAA, Dos Santos EG, Diniz IMA, Madeira MFM, Moreno A. Antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm grown on a specific acrylic resin surface for ocular prostheses. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102042. [PMID: 33321571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for the specific control of oral biofilms. However, its effects on maxillofacial prostheses have been barely explored. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of PDT using methylene blue (MB) and laser against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm developed on the surface of scleral acrylic resin. METHODS Sixty-six specimens of acrylic resin designed for ocular prostheses were fabricated in a disk-shaped format (3 × 10 mm). S. aureus biofilm was grown on the surface of the specimens for 24 h and the disks were then treated with MB at different concentrations (25, 50, 75 or 100 μg/mL), with or without PDT (GaAlAs diode laser; 660 nm; 100 mW; 9 J; 321.4 J.cm-2; 3.5 W.cm-2 and 90 s). Control groups were treated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) or phosphate buffered saline. After the treatments, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and the samples were qualitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed descriptively and by nested ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = .05). RESULTS PDT groups with MB concentrations at 75 and 100 μg/mL formed fewer CFU compared to the other groups (P < 0.001) and the 2% CHX group did not form any CFU. SEM images revealed that the surface of the polymers in these groups did not show bacterial colonies. CONCLUSIONS PDT significantly reduced S. aureus biofilm in the scleral acrylic resin when associated with an MB dilution of 75 μg/mL or higher. Thus, PDT can be a promising candidate for disinfecting ocular prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane de Lanes Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Martins Borges
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Gomes Dos Santos
- Department of Business, Paulista School of Politics, Economics and Business, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Osasco, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Amália Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Moreno A, dos Santos DM, Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto C, Luiz de Melo Moreno A, de Magalhães Bertoz AP, Goiato MC. In vitro evaluation of the effect of different disinfectants on the biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus formed on acrylic ocular prostheses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240116. [PMID: 33044989 PMCID: PMC7549761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of disinfectants on the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis formed on the acrylic surface of ocular prostheses. In this study, 396 acrylic specimens were manufactured (50% for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 50% for Staphylococcus aureus). For each bacterium, 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 24 hours, 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 48 hours, and 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 72 hours. Then, they were divided into groups according to disinfection method (n = 6): sterile distilled water for 10, 15, 30 min, and 6 hours (control); soap for 30 min (NES30); Opti-Free for 30 min (OPF30) and 6 h (OPF6); Efferdent for 15 min (EFF15); and 0.5%, 2%, and 4% chlorhexidine for 10 min (0.5% CHX10, 2% CHX10, and 4% CHX10). After the treatments, the specimens were vortexed to release the biofilm and the counting of bacterial colonies was performed (CFU/mL). Three-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer HSD test were used (α = 0.05). For Staphylococcus epidermidis, there was no significant difference between NES30, OPF30, and OPF6 with their respective control groups; nor between NES30, OPF30, and OPF6 themselves, regardless of the biofilm development period (P >0.05). For Staphylococcus aureus, there was no significant difference between NES30 and OPF30 with their control group; nor between NES30 and OPF30 themselves, regardless of the biofilm development period (P >0.05). For Staphylococcus aureus, OPF6 showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mL when compared with its control group, NES30, and OPF30, regardless of the biofilm development period (P <0.05). For both bacteria, 0.5% CHX10, 2% CHX10,4% CHX10, and EFF15 showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mL when compared with their control groups, NES30, OPF30, and OPF6, regardless of the biofilm development period (P <0.05). Therefore, EFF15 and CHX (0.5%, 2% and 4%) were effective in reducing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on acrylic surfaces. NES30 and OPF (30 and 6) are not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amália Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Nagay B, Goiato M, da Silva E, Andreotti A, Bitencourt S, Duque C, dos Santos P, dos Santos D. Effect of photopolymerized glaze application on bacterial adhesion on ocular acrylic resin surfaces submitted to accelerated ageing. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 68:120-127. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.E. Nagay
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.C. Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - E.V.F. da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.M. Andreotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - S.B. Bitencourt
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - P.H. dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - D.M. dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Aracatuba Dental School; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Aracatuba São Paulo Brazil
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