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Khattak WA, Sun J, Hameed R, Zaman F, Abbas A, Khan KA, Elboughdiri N, Akbar R, He F, Ullah MW, Al-Andal A, Du D. Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:753-777. [PMID: 38174626 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result in higher pollution. Understanding the dynamics existing between native weed communities and invasive species in disturbed environments is crucial for effective management and normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising the potential resistance of native weed communities to invasion in disturbed environments can help identify suitable native plants for restoration operations. This review aims to investigate the adaptations exhibited by native and non-native weeds that may affect invasions within disturbed environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, and adaptations of native weed communities that potentially confer a competitive advantage relative to non-native or invasive weeds in disturbed environments are analysed. Moreover, the roles of biotic interactions such as competition, mutualistic relationships, and allelopathy in shaping the invasion resistance of native weed communities are described. Emphasis is given to the consideration of the resistance of native weeds as a key factor in invasion dynamics that provides insights for conservation and restoration efforts in disturbed environments. Additionally, this review underscores the need for further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to devise targeted management strategies. These strategies aim to promote the resistance of native weed communities and mitigate the negative effects of invasive weed species in disturbed environments. By delving deeper into these insights, we can gain an understanding of the ecological dynamics within disturbed ecosystems and develop valuable insights for the management of invasive species, and to restore long-term ecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khattak
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, PO Box 215009, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Rashida Hameed
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fawad Zaman
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, PO Box 330045, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, PO Box 330045, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, PO Box 2440, Ha'il, 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Rasheed Akbar
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, PO Box 22620, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Feng He
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of The Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abeer Al-Andal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 960, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, PO Box 212013, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bell KL, Campos M, Hoffmann BD, Encinas-Viso F, Hunter GC, Webber BL. Environmental DNA methods for biosecurity and invasion biology in terrestrial ecosystems: Progress, pitfalls, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171810. [PMID: 38513869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables indirect detection of species without the need to directly observe and sample them. For biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA-based methods are useful to address biological invasions at all phases, from detecting arrivals to confirming eradication of past invasions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found that in biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA has primarily been used to detect new incursions and monitor spread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with much slower uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting a broader trend common to the usage of eDNA tools. In terrestrial ecosystems, eDNA research has mostly focussed on the use of eDNA metabarcoding to characterise biodiversity, rather than targeting biosecurity threats or non-native populations. We discuss how eDNA-based methods are being applied to terrestrial ecosystems for biosecurity and managing non-native populations at each phase of the invasion continuum: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread; across different management options: containment, control, and eradication; and for detecting the impact of non-native organisms. Finally, we address some of the current technical issues and caveats of eDNA-based methods, particularly for terrestrial ecosystems, and how these might be solved. As eDNA-based methods improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the early detection and adaptive management of biological invasions, and the implementation of effective biosecurity controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Mariana Campos
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | | | - Francisco Encinas-Viso
- CSIRO Centre of Australian National Biodiversity Research, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin C Hunter
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce L Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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3
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Browett SS, Synnott R, O'Meara DB, Antwis RE, Browett SS, Bown KJ, Wangensteen OS, Dawson DA, Searle JB, Yearsley JM, McDevitt AD. Resource competition drives an invasion-replacement event among shrew species on an island. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:698-709. [PMID: 36617677 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive mammals are responsible for the majority of native species extinctions on islands. While most of these extinction events will be due to novel interactions between species (e.g. exotic predators and naive prey), it is more unusual to find incidences where a newly invasive species causes the decline/extinction of a native species on an island when they normally coexist elsewhere in their overlapping mainland ranges. We investigated if resource competition between two insectivorous small mammals was playing a significant role in the rapid replacement of the native pygmy shrew Sorex minutus in the presence of the recently invading greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula on the island of Ireland. We used DNA metabarcoding of gut contents from >300 individuals of both species to determine each species' diet and measured the body size (weight and length) during different stages of the invasion in Ireland (before, during and after the species come into contact with one another) and on a French island where both species have long coexisted (acting as a natural 'control' site). Dietary composition, niche width and overlap and body size were compared in these different stages. The body size of the invasive C. russula and composition of its diet changes between when it first invades an area and after it becomes established. During the initial stages of the invasion, individual shrews are larger and consume larger sized invertebrate prey species. During later stages of the invasion, C. russula switches to consuming smaller prey taxa that are more essential for the native species. As a result, the level of interspecific dietary overlap increases from between 11% and 14% when they first come into contact with each other to between 39% and 46% after the invasion. Here we show that an invasive species can quickly alter its dietary niche in a new environment, ultimately causing the replacement of a native species. In addition, the invasive shrew could also be potentially exhausting local resources of larger invertebrate species. These subsequent changes in terrestrial invertebrate communities could have severe impacts further downstream on ecosystem functioning and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Browett
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.,NERC Environmental Omics Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Synnott
- Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Denise B O'Meara
- Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachael E Antwis
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Stephen S Browett
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Kevin J Bown
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Owen S Wangensteen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Deborah A Dawson
- NERC Environmental Omics Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jon M Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allan D McDevitt
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,Department of Natural Sciences and the Environment, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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4
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Yarita S, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Genotypic detection of barriers to rat dispersal: Rattus rattus behind a peninsula predator-proof fence. Biol Invasions 2023; 25:1723-1738. [PMID: 36777104 PMCID: PMC9900205 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Clear delimitation of management units is essential for effective management of invasive species. Analysis of population genetic structure of target species can improve identification and interpretation of natural and artificial barriers to dispersal. In Aotearoa New Zealand where the introduced ship rat (Rattus rattus) is a major threat to native biodiversity, effective suppression of pest numbers requires removal and limitation of reinvasion from outside the managed population. We contrasted population genetic structure in rat populations over a wide scale without known barriers, with structure over a fine scale with potential barriers to dispersal. MtDNA D-loop sequences and microsatellite genotypes resolved little genetic structure in southern North Island population samples of ship rat 100 km apart. In contrast, samples from major islands differed significantly for both mtDNA and nuclear markers. We also compared ship rats collected within a small peninsula reserve bounded by sea, suburbs and, more recently, a predator fence with rats in the surrounding forest. Here, mtDNA did not differ but genotypes from 14 nuclear loci were sufficient to distinguish the fenced population. This suggests that natural (sea) and artificial barriers (town, fence) are effectively limiting gene flow among ship rat populations over the short distance (~ 500 m) between the peninsula reserve and surrounding forest. The effectiveness of the fence alone is not clear given it is a recent feature and no historical samples exist; resampling population genetic diversity over time will improve understanding. Nonetheless, the current genetic isolation of the fenced rat population suggests that rat eradication is a sensible management option given that reinvasion appears to be limited and could probably be managed with a biosecurity programme. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-023-03004-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yarita
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Wildlife and Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Wildlife and Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Wildlife and Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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5
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Genetic relationships among populations of the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) introduced in Japan. MAMMAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-023-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The small Indian mongoose, Urva auropunctata, is one of the most notorious invasive species in the world. In Japan, the mongoose was introduced to Amami, Kyushu (Kiire region), and Okinawa Islands. Currently, an eradication program for the Amami population is proving successful. To prevent reinvasion and conserve biodiversity, it would be advantageous to investigate the origin and dispersal history of introduced mongoose populations in Japan. We determined the mitochondrial genome of a mongoose from the Okinawa population and confirmed that the systematic status of the mongoose is Urva auropunctata. We also found two haplotypes of cytochrome b in the Amami population, one of which is common among the Okinawa, Amami, and Kiire populations. Based on our microsatellite analysis, the three populations were genetically different from each other. Furthermore, with a low pairwise FST value, the Kiire population was closer to the Okinawa than the Amami population. Our results suggest that the Okinawa population could be the source of the Amami and Kiire populations. These results align with historical records of mongoose in Japan and clarify its genetic status. Our results should aid the prediction of the pathway through which a new invasion will likely occur.
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Juhasz CC, Avargues N, Humeau L, Ringler D, Pinet P, Hollinger C, Beaulieu R, Faulquier L, Choeur A, Bureau S, Da Silva D, Dubos J, Soulaimana-Mattoir Y, Le Corre M. Application of genetic and Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture analyses to design adaptive feral cat control in a large inhabited island. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.79.87726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Faunas of oceanic islands have a high proportion of endemic species which contribute to the uniqueness of island communities. Island species are particularly naïve and vulnerable to alien predators, such as cats (Felis catus). On large, inhabited islands, where the complete eradication of feral cat populations is not considered feasible, control represents the best management option to lower their detrimental effects on native fauna. The first objective of our study was to investigate population genetics of feral cats of Réunion Island. The second objective was to understand the space use of feral cats established near the breeding colonies of the two endemic and endangered seabirds of Réunion Island, the Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui) and the Mascarene Petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima). We evaluated genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow amongst six groups of feral cats located at a maximum of 10 km from known petrel colonies. We also analysed the behaviour and space use of one of these feral cat groups using camera-trap data and Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SECR) models. Genetic analyses revealed that feral cats were structured in three genetic clusters explained mostly by the island topography. Two clusters were observed at five sampled sites, suggesting high connectivity amongst these sites. The last cluster was found in only one site, suggesting high isolation. This site was a remote mountain area located in the vicinity of one of the main Barau’s Petrel colonies. The behavioural study was conducted on this isolated feral cat population. Mark recapture analysis suggested that feral cats were present at low density and had large home ranges, which is probably explained by reduced food availability. Finally, we make several recommendations for refining feral cat management programmes on inhabited islands.
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Nasir MH, Bhassu S, Mispan MS, Bakar SA, Jing KJ, Omar H. Molecular Identification and Genetic Variation of Rattus Species From Oil Palm Plantations of Malaysia Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene Sequences. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:554-561. [PMID: 36495490 DOI: 10.2108/zs210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats (Rattus species) are the most notorious vertebrate pests in Malaysian oil palm plantations. Although many studies have been conducted on Asian rats, little attention has been paid to their species composition and phylogenetic relationships in oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. We determined the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence (708 bp) for 216 individual rats collected from five oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis in conjunction with comparison with sequences from the nucleotide sequence database revealed five distinct lineages in the Malaysian oil plantations: Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus argentiventer, Rattus exulans, Rattus tanezumi, and a taxon corresponding to the Malayan house rat, which was most frequently observed (∼50%). The last taxon has traditionally been classified as a synonym of Rattus rattus (Rattus rattus diardii) or Rattus tanezumi, but our phylogenetic analysis placed it as an independent lineage, which is not particularly closely related to R. rattus or R. tanezumi, and which we refer to as Rattus diardii. The construction of the network showed that there is considerable genetic variation within the lineages of R. diardii and R tiomanicus, suggesting that these two species are native to the Malay Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Harris Nasir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tick Cell Biobank Asia Outpost, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Jing Jing
- Tick Cell Biobank Asia Outpost, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasmahzaiti Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, .,Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Museum of Zoology (Block J14), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Hong Y, He Y, Lin Z, Du Y, Chen S, Han L, Zhang Q, Gu S, Tu W, Hu S, Yuan Z, Liu X. Complex origins indicate a potential bridgehead introduction of an emerging amphibian invader (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) in China. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.77.83205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the origins of established alien species is important to prevent new introductions in the future. The greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris), native to Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Cayman Islands, has been widely introduced to the Caribbean, North and Central America, Oceania and Asia. This invasive alien amphibian was recently reported in Shenzhen, China, but the potential introduction sources remain poorly understood. Based on phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial 16S, COI and CYTB sequences, we detected a complex introduction origin of this species, which may be from Hong Kong, China, the Philippines, Panama and Florida, USA, all pointing to a bridgehead introduction. In addition, the nursery trade between the four countries or regions and mainland China from 2011 to 2020 was also significantly higher than other areas with less likelihood of introductions, which supported the molecular results. Our study provides the first genetic evidence of the potential sources of this emerging amphibian invader in mainland China, which may help develop alien species control strategies in the face of growing trade through globalization.
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Pepin KM, Davis AJ, Epanchin-Niell RS, Gormley AM, Moore JL, Smyser TJ, Shaffer HB, Kendall WL, Shea K, Runge MC, McKee S. Optimizing management of invasions in an uncertain world using dynamic spatial models. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2628. [PMID: 35397481 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal drives invasion dynamics of nonnative species and pathogens. Applying knowledge of dispersal to optimize the management of invasions can mean the difference between a failed and a successful control program and dramatically improve the return on investment of control efforts. A common approach to identifying optimal management solutions for invasions is to optimize dynamic spatial models that incorporate dispersal. Optimizing these spatial models can be very challenging because the interaction of time, space, and uncertainty rapidly amplifies the number of dimensions being considered. Addressing such problems requires advances in and the integration of techniques from multiple fields, including ecology, decision analysis, bioeconomics, natural resource management, and optimization. By synthesizing recent advances from these diverse fields, we provide a workflow for applying ecological theory to advance optimal management science and highlight priorities for optimizing the control of invasions. One of the striking gaps we identify is the extremely limited consideration of dispersal uncertainty in optimal management frameworks, even though dispersal estimates are highly uncertain and greatly influence invasion outcomes. In addition, optimization frameworks rarely consider multiple types of uncertainty (we describe five major types) and their interrelationships. Thus, feedbacks from management or other sources that could magnify uncertainty in dispersal are rarely considered. Incorporating uncertainty is crucial for improving transparency in decision risks and identifying optimal management strategies. We discuss gaps and solutions to the challenges of optimization using dynamic spatial models to increase the practical application of these important tools and improve the consistency and robustness of management recommendations for invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy J Davis
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca S Epanchin-Niell
- Resources for the Future, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Smyser
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - H Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William L Kendall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Katriona Shea
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Runge
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie McKee
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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10
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Genomic data is missing for many highly invasive species, restricting our preparedness for escalating incursion rates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13987. [PMID: 35977991 PMCID: PMC9385848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions drive environmental change, potentially threatening native biodiversity, human health, and global economies. Population genomics is an increasingly popular tool in invasion biology, improving accuracy and providing new insights into the genetic factors that underpin invasion success compared to research based on a small number of genetic loci. We examine the extent to which population genomic resources, including reference genomes, have been used or are available for invasive species research. We find that 82% of species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature “100 Worst Invasive Alien Species” list have been studied using some form of population genetic data, but just 32% of these species have been studied using population genomic data. Further, 55% of the list’s species lack a reference genome. With incursion rates escalating globally, understanding how genome-driven processes facilitate invasion is critical, but despite a promising trend of increasing uptake, “invasion genomics” is still in its infancy. We discuss how population genomic data can enhance our understanding of biological invasion and inform proactive detection and management of invasive species, and we call for more research that specifically targets this area.
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11
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Burgess BT, Irvine RL, Russello MA. A genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing panel to inform invasive deer management using noninvasive fecal and hair samples. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8993. [PMID: 35784067 PMCID: PMC9185734 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in ecology, evolution, and conservation often rely on noninvasive samples, making it challenging to generate large amounts of high‐quality genetic data for many elusive and at‐risk species. We developed and optimized a Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) panel using noninvasive samples to inform the management of invasive Sitka black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in Haida Gwaii (Canada). We validated our panel using paired high‐quality tissue and noninvasive fecal and hair samples to simultaneously distinguish individuals, identify sex, and reconstruct kinship among deer sampled across the archipelago, then provided a proof‐of‐concept application using field‐collected feces on SGang Gwaay, an island of high ecological and cultural value. Genotyping success across 244 loci was high (90.3%) and comparable to that of high‐quality tissue samples genotyped using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (92.4%), while genotyping discordance between paired high‐quality tissue and noninvasive samples was low (0.50%). The panel will be used to inform future invasive species operations in Haida Gwaii by providing individual and population information to inform management. More broadly, our GT‐seq workflow that includes quality control analyses for targeted SNP selection and a modified protocol may be of wider utility for other studies and systems where noninvasive genetic sampling is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock T. Burgess
- Department of Biology The University of British Columbia Kelowna Canada
| | - Robyn L. Irvine
- Ecosystem Conservation Team Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate Parks Canada Agency Gatineau Canada
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12
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Svenningsen AKN, Pertoldi C, Bruhn D. eDNA Metabarcoding Benchmarked towards Conventional Survey Methods in Amphibian Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060763. [PMID: 35327161 PMCID: PMC8944553 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Amphibian species are declining worldwide, and precise monitoring is key to ensuring timely protection and thereby ceasing deteriorating populations. Conventional monitoring methods are invasive, time-consuming, and dependent on expert knowledge. eDNA methods have been suggested as a replacement for or supplement to conventional survey methods. The present study assessed amphibian detection of conventional survey methods and eDNA metabarcoding in Danish lakes and ponds to address how the application of eDNA surveys can supplement the currently applied methodology. The study found eDNA metabarcoding to detect five out of six species detected through conventional methods. Furthermore, it is expected that the results in the present study reflect the time of sampling for the applied methods. The findings in the present study indicate that eDNA metabarcoding detects multiple Danish amphibian species and can produce knowledge on the occurrence and distribution for amphibian species. Implementing it as a supplement for conventional survey methods in nature monitoring will enable a higher frequency of monitoring and yield knowledge of species composition. Abstract A keystone in protection work is accurate and thorough the monitoring of amphibian species, and the currently applied conventional survey methods are invasive, time-consuming, and dependent on expert knowledge. Research suggests that eDNA metabarcoding is a precise and cost-efficient method that could supplement the currently applied methods. The present study assessed the efficiency of conventional survey methods and eDNA metabarcoding in terms of species richness, the average number of detected species per site, the relative frequency of species occurrence, and the similarity of applied methods. The study found eDNA metabarcoding surveys to detect Lissotriton vulgaris (smooth newt), Triturus cristatus (great crested newt), Rana arvalis (moor frog), Rana temporaria (common frog), and Bufo bufo (common toad), as well as an average of 0.9 species per site, reflecting the species composition at the time of sampling in mid-July 2020. In addition to the species mentioned above, the conventional survey detected Epidalea calamita (natterjack toad) and an average of 1.7 species per site, reflecting the species composition at the time of sampling in early June 2020. The similarity between the methods applied in the present study was 27%, thus indicating a large number of unique observations of both eDNA metabarcoding and conventional surveys. The differences in detection can most likely be explained by the time of sampling, which was conducted a month apart. eDNA metabarcoding was efficient in detecting multiple amphibian species and produced unique observations that were not detected using conventional survey methods. Applying eDNA techniques as a supplement will most likely produce important knowledge on species distribution and presence, as well as enable more frequent monitoring due to cost efficiency and disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katrine Nørgaard Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (C.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (C.P.); (D.B.)
- Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (C.P.); (D.B.)
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13
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Population genomics of Sitka black-tailed deer supports invasive species management and ecological restoration on islands. Commun Biol 2022; 5:223. [PMID: 35273319 PMCID: PMC8913846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mammals represent a critical threat to island biodiversity; eradications can result in ecological restoration yet may fail in the absence of key population parameters. Over-browsing by invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) is causing severe ecological and cultural impacts across the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). Previous eradication attempts demonstrate forest regeneration upon deer removal, but reinvasion reverses conservation gains. Here we use restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (12,947 SNPs) to investigate connectivity and gene flow of invasive deer (n = 181) across 15 islands, revealing little structure throughout Haida Gwaii and identifying the large, central island of Moresby (>2600 km2) as the greatest source of migrants. As a result, the archipelago itself should be considered the primary eradication unit, with the exception of geographically isolated islands like SGang Gwaay. Thus, limiting eradications to isolated islands combined with controlled culling and enhanced biosecurity may be the most effective strategies for achieving ecological restoration goals. Genomic data presented in this study provide clues about why previous attempts to eradicate the invasive Sitka black-tailed deer from the Haida Gwaii archipelago in Canada have been incomplete. The authors find substantial gene flow between islands, with the exception of the remote island of SGang Gwaay, which they argue is a viable option for near-term eradication efforts.
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14
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EchidnaCSI: Engaging the public in research and conservation of the short-beaked echidna. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108826119. [PMID: 35074871 PMCID: PMC8812570 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108826119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-beaked echidna is an iconic Australian animal and the most-widespread native mammal, inhabiting diverse environments. The cryptic nature of echidnas has limited research into their ecology in most areas; however, from the well-researched and endangered Kangaroo Island echidna population, we understand that the threats include habitat loss, roads, and invasive species. To obtain more information about echidnas Australia-wide, we established the Echidna Conservation Science Initiative (EchidnaCSI) citizen science project. EchidnaCSI calls on members of the public to submit photographs of wild echidnas and learn to identify and collect echidna scats for molecular analysis. To facilitate participation, we developed a smartphone application as well as ongoing social and traditional media activities and community events. In 3 y, more than 9,000 members of the public have downloaded the EchidnaCSI app, collecting 400 scats and submitting over 8,000 sightings of echidnas from across Australia. A subset of submitted scat samples were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR, which validated the approach of using citizen science for scat collection and viability for molecular analysis. To assess the impact of the project through public participation, we surveyed our participants (n = 944) to understand their demographics and motivations for engagement. Survey results also revealed that EchidnaCSI served as a gateway into citizen science more generally for many participants. EchidnaCSI demonstrates the potential for using citizen science approaches to collect high-quality data and material from a cryptic species over a very large geographic area and the considerable engagement value of citizen science research.
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15
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Adavoudi R, Pilot M. Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:50. [PMID: 35052393 PMCID: PMC8774782 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization, defined as breeding between two distinct taxonomic units, can have an important effect on the evolutionary patterns in cross-breeding taxa. Although interspecific hybridization has frequently been considered as a maladaptive process, which threatens species genetic integrity and survival via genetic swamping and outbreeding depression, in some cases hybridization can introduce novel adaptive variation and increase fitness. Most studies to date focused on documenting hybridization events and analyzing their causes, while relatively little is known about the consequences of hybridization and its impact on the parental species. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of studies on hybridization in mammals published in 2010-2021, and identified 115 relevant studies. Of 13 categories of hybridization consequences described in these studies, the most common negative consequence (21% of studies) was genetic swamping and the most common positive consequence (8%) was the gain of novel adaptive variation. The total frequency of negative consequences (49%) was higher than positive (13%) and neutral (38%) consequences. These frequencies are biased by the detection possibilities of microsatellite loci, the most common genetic markers used in the papers assessed. As negative outcomes are typically easier to demonstrate than positive ones (e.g., extinction vs hybrid speciation), they may be over-represented in publications. Transition towards genomic studies involving both neutral and adaptive variation will provide a better insight into the real impacts of hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Pilot
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nadwiślańska 108, 80-680 Gdańsk, Poland;
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16
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Broadhurst HA, Gregory LM, Bleakley EK, Perkins JC, Lavin JV, Bolton P, Browett SS, Howe CV, Singleton N, Tansley D, Sales NG, McDevitt AD. Mapping differences in mammalian distributions and diversity using environmental DNA from rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149724. [PMID: 34467903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finding more efficient ways to monitor and estimate the diversity of mammalian communities is a major step towards their management and conservation. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from river water has recently been shown to be a viable method for biomonitoring mammalian communities. Most of the studies to date have focused on the potential for eDNA to detect individual species, with little focus on describing patterns of community diversity and structure. Here, we first focus on the sampling effort required to reliably map the diversity and distribution of semi-aquatic and terrestrial mammals and allow inferences of community structure surrounding two rivers in southeastern England. Community diversity and composition was then assessed based on species richness and β-diversity, with differences between communities partitioned into nestedness and turnover, and the sampling effort required to rapidly detect semi-aquatic and terrestrial species was evaluated based on species accumulation curves and occupancy modelling. eDNA metabarcoding detected 25 wild mammal species from five orders, representing the vast majority (82%) of the species expected in the area. The required sampling effort varied between orders, with common species (generally rodents, deer and lagomorphs) more readily detected, with carnivores detected less frequently. Measures of species richness differed between rivers (both overall and within each mammalian order) and patterns of β-diversity revealed the importance of species replacement in sites within each river, against a pattern of species loss between the two rivers. eDNA metabarcoding demonstrated its capability to rapidly detect mammal species, allowing inferences of community composition that will better inform future sampling strategies for this Class. Importantly, this study highlights the potential use of eDNA data for investigating mammalian community dynamics over different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Broadhurst
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Luke M Gregory
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Emma K Bleakley
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Joseph C Perkins
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Jenna V Lavin
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Polly Bolton
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Samuel S Browett
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK; School of Science and Computing, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Claire V Howe
- Natural England, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Singleton
- Essex Wildlife Trust, Abbotts Hall Farm, Great Wigborough, Colchester, UK
| | - Darren Tansley
- Essex Wildlife Trust, Abbotts Hall Farm, Great Wigborough, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Allan D McDevitt
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK.
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17
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Mangan AM, Piaggio AJ, Bodenchuk MJ, Pierce CF, Smyser TJ. Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Mangan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Antoinette J. Piaggio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Michael J. Bodenchuk
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services P.O. Box 690170 San Antonio TX 78269 USA
| | - Courtney F. Pierce
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Timothy J. Smyser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
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18
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Burgess BT, Irvine RL, Howald GR, Russello MA. The Promise of Genetics and Genomics for Improving Invasive Mammal Management on Islands. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.704809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are major contributors to global biodiversity decline. Invasive mammalian species (IMS), in particular, have profound negative effects in island systems that contain disproportionally high levels of species richness and endemism. The eradication and control of IMS have become important conservation tools for managing species invasions on islands, yet these management operations are often subject to failure due to knowledge gaps surrounding species- and system-specific characteristics, including invasion pathways and contemporary migration patterns. Here, we synthesize the literature on ways in which genetic and genomic tools have effectively informed IMS management on islands, specifically associated with the development and modification of biosecurity protocols, and the design and implementation of eradication and control programs. In spite of their demonstrated utility, we then explore the challenges that are preventing genetics and genomics from being implemented more frequently in IMS management operations from both academic and non-academic perspectives, and suggest possible solutions for breaking down these barriers. Finally, we discuss the potential application of genome editing to the future management of invasive species on islands, including the current state of the field and why islands may be effective targets for this emerging technology.
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19
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A Microsatellite Genotyping-Based Genetic Study of Interspecific Hybridization between the Red and Sika Deer in the Western Czech Republic. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061701. [PMID: 34200330 PMCID: PMC8229882 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The sika deer is a very flexible invasive species, capable of living dynamically in both large forests and mixed environment characterized by a prevalence of agricultural land. The Japanese sika deer was introduced to the Czech Republic at the end of the 19th century. The success of an introduced alien species may consist in their hybridizing with closely related taxa. Where few barriers to gene flow exist, rapid introgression of genetic traits from one species into another frequently occurs. The current Czech sika populations embody the most abundant and expanding group in continental Europe. In western Bohemia, we confirmed the interspecific hybridization with the native red deer. In this context, the red deer gene pool is endangered. The animals proliferate steadily in all directions and will most probably spread all over the Czech Republic if no major, timely changes in game management are adopted. Abstract Although inter-species hybrids between the red and sika deer can be phenotypically determined only exceptionally, there is the eventuality of identification via molecular genetic analysis. We used bi-parentally inherited microsatellite markers and a Bayesian statistical framework to re-examine the proportion of hybrids in the Czech red and sika deer populations. In total, 123 samples were collected, and the nuclear dataset consisted of 2668 allelic values. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 10 (BM1818) to 22 (BM888 and T193), yielding the mean of 16 alleles per locus across the deer. The mean allelic diversity of the red deer markedly exceeded that of the Japanese sika deer. Interspecific hybrids were detected, enabling us to confirm the genetic introgression of the sika deer into the red deer populations and vice versa in western Bohemia. The mean hybrid score equaled 10.6%, with 14.3% of the hybrids being among red deer–like individuals and 6.7% among sika-like ones. At two western Bohemian locations, namely, Doupovské hory and Slavkovský les, the total percentages of hybrid animals equaled 18.8 and 8.9, respectively. No red deer alleles were detected in the sika populations of the subregions of Kladská, Žlutice, and Lány. The NeighborNet network clearly separated the seven red and sika deer sampling populations according to the geography. The knowledge gained from the evaluated data is applicable in hunting management to reduce hybridization with the European deer.
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20
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Browett SS, Curran TG, O’Meara DB, Harrington AP, Sales NG, Antwis RE, O’Neill D, McDevitt AD. Primer biases in the molecular assessment of diet in multiple insectivorous mammals. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur understanding of trophic interactions of small insectivorous mammals has been drastically improved with the advent of DNA metabarcoding. The technique has continued to be optimised over the years, with primer choice repeatedly being a vital factor for dietary inferences. However, the majority of dietary studies examining the effect of primer choice often rely on in silico analyses or comparing between species that occupy an identical niche type. Here, we apply DNA metabarcoding to empirically compare the prey detection capabilities of two widely used primer sets when assessing the diets of a flying (lesser horseshoe bat; Rhinolophus hipposideros) and two ground-dwelling insectivores (greater white-toothed shrew; Crocidura russula and pygmy shrew; Sorex minutus). Although R. hipposideros primarily rely on two prey orders (Lepidoptera and Diptera), the unique taxa detected by each primer shows that a combination of primers may be the best approach to fully describe bat trophic ecology. However, random forest classifier analysis suggests that one highly degenerate primer set detected the majority of both shrews’ diet despite higher levels of host amplification. The wide range of prey consumed by ground-dwelling insectivores can therefore be accurately documented from using a single broad-range primer set, which can decrease cost and labour. The results presented here show that dietary inferences will differ depending on the primer or primer combination used for insectivores occupying different niches (i.e., hunting in the air or ground) and demonstrate the importance of performing empirical pilot studies for novel study systems.
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21
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Priestley V, Allen R, Binstead M, Arnold R, Savolainen V. Quick detection of a rare species: Forensic swabs of survey tubes for hazel dormouse
Muscardinus avellanarius
urine. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Dietz S, Beazley KF, Lemieux CJ, St. Clair C, Coristine L, Higgs E, Smith R, Pellatt M, Beaty C, Cheskey E, Cooke SJ, Crawford L, Davis R, Forbes G, Gadallah F(Z, Kendall P, Mandrak N, Moola F, Parker S, Quayle J, Ray JC, Richardson K, Smith K, Snider J, Smol JP, Sutherland WJ, Vallillee A, White L, Woodley A. Emerging issues for protected and conserved areas in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizon scanning is increasingly used in conservation to systematically explore emerging policy and management issues. We present the results of a horizon scan of issues likely to impact management of Canadian protected and conserved areas over the next 5–10 years. Eighty-eight individuals participated, representing a broad community of academics, government and nongovernment organizations, and foundations, including policymakers and managers of protected and conserved areas. This community initially identified 187 issues, which were subsequently triaged to 15 horizon issues by a group of 33 experts using a modified Delphi technique. Results were organized under four broad categories: ( i) emerging effects of climate change in protected and conserved areas design, planning, and management (i.e., large-scale ecosystem changes, species translocation, fire regimes, ecological integrity, and snow patterns); ( ii) Indigenous governance and knowledge systems (i.e., Indigenous governance and Indigenous knowledge and Western science); ( iii) integrated conservation approaches across landscapes and seascapes (i.e., connectivity conservation, integrating ecosystem values and services, freshwater planning); and ( iv) early responses to emerging cumulative, underestimated, and novel threats (i.e., management of cumulative impacts, declining insect biomass, increasing anthropogenic noise, synthetic biology). Overall, the scan identified several emerging issues that require immediate attention to effectively reduce threats, respond to opportunities, and enhance preparedness and capacity to react.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dietz
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Karen F. Beazley
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Lemieux
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Colleen St. Clair
- Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Laura Coristine
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Gatineau, QC, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Eric Higgs
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Risa Smith
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature/World Commission on Protected Areas
| | - Marlow Pellatt
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J. Cooke
- Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lindsay Crawford
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Rob Davis
- Ontario Parks, Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada
| | - Graham Forbes
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fawziah (ZuZu) Gadallah
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Gatineau, QC, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | | | - Nick Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Faisal Moola
- Geography, Environment & Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott Parker
- Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | | | - Justina C. Ray
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 3A7, Canada
| | - Karen Richardson
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Kevin Smith
- Ducks Unlimited Canada, Edmonton, AB T5S 0A2, Canada
| | - James Snider
- World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, ON M5V 1S8, Canada
| | - John P. Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - William J Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s, St Catharine’s College, Cambridge CB2 1RL, UK
| | | | - Lori White
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Alison Woodley
- Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada
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English HM, Caravaggi A. Where's wallaby? Using public records and media reports to describe the status of red-necked wallabies in Britain. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12949-12959. [PMID: 33304507 PMCID: PMC7713933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the range and population dynamics of introduced species provides insight into species behavior, habitat preferences, and potential of becoming established. Here, we show the current population status of the red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus) in Britain based on records from an eleven-year period (2008-2018). Records were obtained from Local Environmental Records Centres (LERCs), the National Biodiversity Network (NBN), and popular media. All records were mapped and compared to a historical distribution map (1940-2007), derived from published data. A total of 95 confirmed wallaby sightings were recorded between 2008 and 2018, of which 64 came from media sources, 18 from Local Environmental Records Centres (LERCs), seven from the National Biodiversity Network (NBN), and six from the published literature (Yalden, Br. Wildl., 24, 2013, 169). The greatest density of wallaby sightings was in southern England, with the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty a particular hot spot (n = 11). More sightings were recorded in August than in any other month. Much of the species' ecology and responses to British biota and anthropogenic pressures are unknown, and therefore, further research is warranted. The methods used here are widely applicable to other non-native species, particularly those that the public are more likely to report and could be an important supplement to existing studies of conservation and management relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M. English
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and BehaviourSchool of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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24
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Bertolino S. Non‐native invasive mammal species: introduction to a themed issue. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
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25
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Ward AI, Richardson S, Macarthur R, Mill AC. Using and communicating uncertainty for the effective control of invasive non‐native species. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair I. Ward
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RXUK
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency National Agri‐Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZUK
| | - Suzanne Richardson
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RXUK
- The Deer Initiative Brynkinalt Business Centre The Carriage House Chirk LL14 5NSUK
| | - Roy Macarthur
- Fera Science Ltd National Agri‐Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZUK
| | - Aileen C. Mill
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUUK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Capizzi
- Latium Region Directorate for Natural Capital, Parks and Protected Areas viale del Tintoretto 43200142 Rome Italy
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27
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Harrington LA, Birks J, Chanin P, Tansley D. Current status of American mink
Neovison vison
in Great Britain: a review of the evidence for a population decline. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Harrington
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon Oxford OX13 5QL UK
| | - Johnny Birks
- Swift Ecology West Malvern Worcester WR14 4BQ UK
| | | | - Darren Tansley
- Essex Wildlife Trust Abbotts Hall Farm, Great Wigborough, Colchester Essex C05 7RZ UK
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