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Bentivenga GM, Baiardi S, Mastrangelo A, Zenesini C, Mammana A, Polischi B, Capellari S, Parchi P. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid SNAP-25 and neurogranin in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a clinical setting cohort of rapidly progressive dementias. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37684653 PMCID: PMC10485978 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels of synaptic markers synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (Ng) have been shown to increase early in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and to have prognostic potential. However, no validation studies assessed these biomarkers' diagnostic and prognostic value in a large clinical setting cohort of rapidly progressive dementia. METHODS In this retrospective study, using commercially available immunoassays, we measured the levels of SNAP-25, Ng, 14-3-3, total-tau (t-tau), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and phospho-tau181 (p-tau) in CSF samples from consecutive patients with CJD (n = 220) or non-prion rapidly progressive dementia (np-RPD) (n = 213). We evaluated and compared the diagnostic accuracy of each CSF biomarker and biomarker combination by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analyses, studied SNAP-25 and Ng CSF concentrations distribution across CJD subtypes, and estimated their association with survival using multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS CSF SNAP-25 and Ng levels were higher in CJD than in np-RPD (SNAP-25: 582, 95% CI 240-1250 vs. 115, 95% CI 78-157 pg/ml, p < 0.0001; Ng: 841, 95% CI 411-1473 vs. 390, 95% CI 260-766 pg/ml, p < 0.001). SNAP-25 diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.902, 95% CI 0.873-0.931) exceeded that of 14-3-3 (AUC 0.853, 95% CI 0.816-0.889), t-tau (AUC 0.878, 95% CI 0.845-0.901), and the t-tau/p-tau ratio (AUC 0.884, 95% CI 0.851-0.916). In contrast, Ng performed worse (AUC 0.697, 95% CI 0.626-0.767) than all other surrogate biomarkers, except for NfL (AUC 0.649, 95% CI 0.593-0.705). SNAP-25 maintained a relatively high diagnostic value even for atypical CJD subtypes (AUC 0.792, 95% CI 0.729-0.854). In Cox regression analyses, SNAP-25 levels were significantly associated with survival in CJD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71 95% CI 1.40-2.09). Conversely, Ng was associated with survival only in the most rapidly progressive CJD subtypes (sCJD MM(V)1 and gCJD M1) (HR 1.81 95% CI 1.21-2.93). CONCLUSIONS In the clinical setting, CSF SNAP-25 is a viable alternative to t-tau, 14-3-3, and the t-tau/p-tau ratio in discriminating the CJD subtypes from other RPDs. Additionally, SNAP-25 and, to a lesser extent, Ng predict survival in CJD, showing prognostic power in the range of CSF t-tau/14-3-3 and NfL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Mastrangelo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Mammana
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Polischi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy.
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Hok-A-Hin YS, Hoozemans JJM, Hu WT, Wouters D, Howell JC, Rábano A, van der Flier WM, Pijnenburg YAL, Teunissen CE, Del Campo M. YKL-40 changes are not detected in post-mortem brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:100. [PMID: 35879733 PMCID: PMC9310415 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background YKL-40 (Chitinase 3-like I) is increased in CSF of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients and is therefore considered a potential neuroinflammatory biomarker. Whether changed YKL-40 levels in the CSF reflect dysregulation of YKL-40 in the brain is not completely understood yet. We aimed to extensively analyze YKL-40 levels in the brain of AD and different FTLD pathological subtypes. The direct relationship between YKL-40 levels in post-mortem brain and ante-mortem CSF was examined in a small set of paired brain-CSF samples. Method YKL-40 was analyzed in post-mortem temporal and frontal cortex of non-demented controls and patients with AD and FTLD (including FTLD-Tau and FTLD-TDP) pathology by immunohistochemistry (temporal cortex: 51 controls and 56 AD and frontal cortex: 7 controls and 24 FTLD patients), western blot (frontal cortex: 14 controls, 5 AD and 67 FTLD patients), or ELISA (temporal cortex: 11 controls and 7 AD and frontal cortex: 14 controls, 5 AD and 67 FTLD patients). YKL-40 levels were also measured in paired post-mortem brain and ante-mortem CSF samples from dementia patients (n = 9, time-interval collection: 1.4 years) by ELISA. Results We observed that YKL-40 post-mortem brain levels were similar between AD, FTLD, and controls as shown by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and ELISA. Interestingly, strong YKL-40 immunoreactivity was observed in AD cases with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; n = 6). In paired CSF-brain samples, YKL-40 concentration was 8-times higher in CSF compared to brain. Conclusion Our data suggest that CSF YKL-40 changes may not reflect YKL-40 changes within AD and FTLD pathological brain areas. The YKL-40 reactivity associated with classical CAA hallmarks indicates a possible relationship between YKL-40, neuroinflammation, and vascular pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01039-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika S Hok-A-Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer C Howell
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alberto Rábano
- CIEN Tissue Bank, Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofía-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, VU University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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Diaz-Lucena D, Kruse N, Thüne K, Schmitz M, Villar-Piqué A, da Cunha JEG, Hermann P, López-Pérez Ó, Andrés-Benito P, Ladogana A, Calero M, Vidal E, Riggert J, Pineau H, Sim V, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Del Río JA, Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Sánchez-Valle R, Mollenhauer B, Ferrer I, Zerr I, Llorens F. TREM2 expression in the brain and biological fluids in prion diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:841-859. [PMID: 33881612 PMCID: PMC8113222 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune cell surface receptor that regulates microglial function and is involved in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Its soluble form (sTREM2) results from shedding of the TREM2 ectodomain. The role of TREM2 in prion diseases, a group of rapidly progressive dementias remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we analysed the expression of TREM2 and its main sheddase ADAM10 in the brain of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients and evaluated the role of CSF and plasma sTREM2 as a potential diagnostic marker of prion disease. Our data indicate that, compared to controls, TREM2 is increased in sCJD patient brains at the mRNA and protein levels in a regional and subtype dependent fashion, and expressed in a subpopulation of microglia. In contrast, ADAM10 is increased at the protein, but not the mRNA level, with a restricted neuronal expression. Elevated CSF sTREM2 is found in sCJD, genetic CJD with mutations E200K and V210I in the prion protein gene (PRNP), and iatrogenic CJD, as compared to healthy controls (HC) (AUC = 0.78–0.90) and neurological controls (AUC = 0.73–0.85), while CSF sTREM2 is unchanged in fatal familial insomnia. sTREM2 in the CSF of cases with Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis was not significantly altered in our series. CSF sTREM2 concentrations in sCJD are PRNP codon 129 and subtype-related, correlate with CSF 14-3-3 positivity, total-tau and YKL-40, and increase with disease progression. In plasma, sTREM2 is increased in sCJD compared with HC (AUC = 0.80), displaying positive correlations with plasma total-tau, neurofilament light, and YKL-40. We conclude that comparative study of TREM2 in brain and biological fluids of prion diseases reveals TREM2 to be altered in human prion diseases with a potential value in target engagement, patient stratification, and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Diaz-Lucena
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Niels Kruse
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Neuropathology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Calero
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Chronic Disease Programme, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joachim Riggert
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hailey Pineau
- Department of Medicine-Division of Neurology, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valerie Sim
- Department of Medicine-Division of Neurology, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jose Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Franc Llorens
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Cerebrospinal fluid non-phosphorylated tau in the differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: a comparative prospective study with 14-3-3. J Neurol 2019; 267:543-550. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by rapidly progressive dementia. Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most prevalent. We report that, specific gene-expression alterations utilizing a reliable in vivo mouse model (tg340-PRNP129MM) with sCJD MM1 subtype, correlate with human disease manifestations in the brain cortex related to disease progression. RNA-editing functions mediated by the APOBEC and ADAR deaminases possibly affecting protein expression necessary for normal brain function, are altered in disease stages. Our data provide powerful evidence, derived from a humanized sCJD mouse model and human autopsy material, discerning the critical role of gene expression and RNA-editing signatures, introducing disease-associated targets that can be extrapolated in other neurodegenerative disorders with common clinical and molecular features. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolding of the normal prion protein into an infectious cellular pathogen. Clinically characterized by rapidly progressive dementia and accounting for 85% of human prion disease cases, sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is the prevalent human prion disease. Although sCJD neuropathological hallmarks are well-known, associated molecular alterations are elusive due to rapid progression and absence of preclinical stages. To investigate transcriptome alterations during disease progression, we utilized tg340-PRNP129MM mice infected with postmortem material from sCJD patients of the most susceptible genotype (MM1 subtype), a sCJD model that faithfully recapitulates the molecular and pathological alterations of the human disease. Here we report that transcriptomic analyses from brain cortex in the context of disease progression, reveal epitranscriptomic alterations (specifically altered RNA edited pathway profiles, eg., ER stress, lysosome) that are characteristic and possibly protective mainly for preclinical and clinical disease stages. Our results implicate regulatory epitranscriptomic mechanisms in prion disease neuropathogenesis, whereby RNA-editing targets in a humanized sCJD mouse model were confirmed in pathological human autopsy material.
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Blennow K, Diaz-Lucena D, Zetterberg H, Villar-Pique A, Karch A, Vidal E, Hermann P, Schmitz M, Ferrer Abizanda I, Zerr I, Llorens F. CSF neurogranin as a neuronal damage marker in CJD: a comparative study with AD. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:846-853. [PMID: 31097472 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin concentrations are altered in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), comparatively with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and associated with neuronal degeneration in brain tissue. METHODS CSF neurogranin, total tau, neurofilament light (NFL) and 14-3-3 protein were measured in neurological controls (NCs, n=64), AD (n=46) and CJD (n=81). The accuracy of neurogranin discriminating the three diagnostic groups was evaluated. Correlations between neurogranin and neurodegeneration biomarkers, demographic, genetic and clinical data were assessed. Additionally, neurogranin expression in postmortem brain tissue was studied. RESULTS Compared with NC, CSF neurogranin concentrations were increased in CJD (4.75 times of NC; p<0.001, area under curve (AUC), 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and AD (1.94 times of NC; p<0.01, AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.82), and were able to differentiate CJD from AD (p<0.001, AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.92). CSF tau was increased in CJD (41 times of NC) and in AD (3.1 times of NC), both at p<0.001. In CJD, neurogranin positively correlated with tau (r=0.55, p<0.001) and was higher in 14-3-3-positivity (p<0.05), but showed no association with NFL (r=0.08, p=0.46). CJD-MM1/MV1 cases displayed higher neurogranin levels than VV2 cases. Neurogranin was increased at early CJD disease stages and was a good prognostic marker of survival time in CJD. In brain tissue, neurogranin was detected in the cytoplasm, membrane and postsynaptic density fractions of neurons, with reduced levels in AD, and more significantly in CJD, where they correlated with synaptic and axonal markers. CONCLUSIONS Neurogranin is a new biomarker of prion pathogenesis with diagnostic and prognostic abilities, which reflects the degree of neuronal damage in brain tissue in a CJD subtype manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Daniela Diaz-Lucena
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, L'Hospilatet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Villar-Pique
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andre Karch
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidro Ferrer Abizanda
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, L'Hospilatet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institutue (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, L'Hospilatet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain .,Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institutue (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Kruse N, Heslegrave A, Gupta V, Foiani M, Villar-Piqué A, Schmitz M, Lehmann S, Teunissen C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Mollenhauer B, Zerr I, Llorens F. Interlaboratory validation of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein quantification in the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 10:461-470. [PMID: 30294658 PMCID: PMC6171371 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein level is increased in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases. However, the clinical value of this biomarker remains to be established. In this study, we have addressed the clinical validation parameters and the interlaboratory reproducibility by using an electrochemiluminescent assay. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein was quantified in a total of 188 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and non-Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease cases to determine sensitivity and specificity values and lot-to-lot variability. Two round robin tests with 70 additional cases were performed in six independent laboratories. RESULTS A sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% were achieved in discriminating sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. No differences were detected between lots. The mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 23%, and the intralaboratory coefficient of variations ranged 2.70%-11.39%. Overall, 97% of samples were correctly diagnosed. DISCUSSION The herein validated α-synuclein assay is robust, accurate, and reproducible in identifying Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases. Thus, it is ready for implementation in the clinical practice to support the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Kruse
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martha Foiani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Center for Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Zerr I, Zafar S, Schmitz M, Llorens F. Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Llorens F, Thüne K, Martí E, Kanata E, Dafou D, Díaz-Lucena D, Vivancos A, Shomroni O, Zafar S, Schmitz M, Michel U, Fernández-Borges N, Andréoletti O, del Río JA, Díez J, Fischer A, Bonn S, Sklaviadis T, Torres JM, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Regional and subtype-dependent miRNA signatures in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are accompanied by alterations in miRNA silencing machinery and biogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006802. [PMID: 29357384 PMCID: PMC5794191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are contributing factors to neurodegeneration. Alterations in miRNA signatures have been reported in several neurodegenerative dementias, but data in prion diseases are restricted to ex vivo and animal models. The present study identified significant miRNA expression pattern alterations in the frontal cortex and cerebellum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients. These changes display a highly regional and disease subtype-dependent regulation that correlates with brain pathology. We demonstrate that selected miRNAs are enriched in sCJD isolated Argonaute(Ago)-binding complexes in disease, indicating their incorporation into RNA-induced silencing complexes, and further suggesting their contribution to disease-associated gene expression changes. Alterations in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory machinery and perturbed levels of miRNA biogenesis key components in sCJD brain samples reported here further implicate miRNAs in sCJD gene expression (de)regulation. We also show that a subset of sCJD-altered miRNAs are commonly changed in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and fatal familial insomnia, suggesting potential common mechanisms underlying these neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, we report no correlation between brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) miRNA-profiles in sCJD, indicating that CSF-miRNA profiles do not faithfully mirror miRNA alterations detected in brain tissue of human prion diseases. Finally, utilizing a sCJD MM1 mouse model, we analyzed the miRNA deregulation patterns observed in sCJD in a temporal manner. While fourteen sCJD-related miRNAs were validated at clinical stages, only two of those were changed at early symptomatic phase, suggesting that the miRNAs altered in sCJD may contribute to later pathogenic processes. Altogether, the present work identifies alterations in the miRNA network, biogenesis and miRNA-mRNA silencing machinery in sCJD, whereby contributions to disease mechanisms deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Studies and Biomarkers, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Eirini Kanata
- Prion Diseases Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Department Of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniela Díaz-Lucena
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orr Shomroni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Computational Systems Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Studies and Biomarkers, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Studies and Biomarkers, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Michel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Catalonian Institute for Bioengineering (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Díez
- Molecular Virology group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Computational Systems Biology, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodoros Sklaviadis
- Prion Diseases Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Department Of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Senior consultant, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Studies and Biomarkers, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Llorens F, Thüne K, Sikorska B, Schmitz M, Tahir W, Fernández-Borges N, Cramm M, Gotzmann N, Carmona M, Streichenberger N, Michel U, Zafar S, Schuetz AL, Rajput A, Andréoletti O, Bonn S, Fischer A, Liberski PP, Torres JM, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Altered Ca 2+ homeostasis induces Calpain-Cathepsin axis activation in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 28449707 PMCID: PMC5408381 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most prevalent form of human prion disease and it is characterized by the presence of neuronal loss, spongiform degeneration, chronic inflammation and the accumulation of misfolded and pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc). The molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are largely unknown, but the presence of intracellular neuronal calcium (Ca2+) overload, a general feature in models of prion diseases, is suggested to play a key role in prion pathogenesis. Here we describe the presence of massive regulation of Ca2+ responsive genes in sCJD brain tissue, accompanied by two Ca2+-dependent processes: endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the cysteine proteases Calpains 1/2. Pathogenic Calpain proteins activation in sCJD is linked to the cleavage of their cellular substrates, impaired autophagy and lysosomal damage, which is partially reversed by Calpain inhibition in a cellular prion model. Additionally, Calpain 1 treatment enhances seeding activity of PrPSc in a prion conversion assay. Neuronal lysosomal impairment caused by Calpain over activation leads to the release of the lysosomal protease Cathepsin S that in sCJD mainly localises in axons, although massive Cathepsin S overexpression is detected in microglial cells. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and activation of Calpain-Cathepsin axis already occur at pre-clinical stages of the disease as detected in a humanized sCJD mouse model. Altogether our work indicates that unbalanced Calpain-Cathepsin activation is a relevant contributor to the pathogenesis of sCJD at multiple molecular levels and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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11
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Llorens F, Kruse N, Karch A, Schmitz M, Zafar S, Gotzmann N, Sun T, Köchy S, Knipper T, Cramm M, Golanska E, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Sánchez-Valle R, Fischer A, Mollenhauer B, Zerr I. Validation of α-Synuclein as a CSF Biomarker for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2249-2257. [PMID: 28321768 PMCID: PMC5840235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers gains importance in the differential diagnosis of prion diseases. However, no single diagnostic tool or combination of them can unequivocally confirm prion disease diagnosis. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassays have demonstrated to achieve high diagnostic accuracy in a variety of sample types due to their high sensitivity and dynamic range. Quantification of CSF α-synuclein (a-syn) by an in-house ECL-based ELISA assay has been recently reported as an excellent approach for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most prevalent form of human prion disease. In the present study, we validated a commercially available ECL-based a-syn ELISA platform as a diagnostic test for correct classification of sCJD cases. CSF a-syn was analysed in 203 sCJD cases with definite diagnosis and in 445 non-CJD cases. We investigated reproducibility and stability of CSF a-syn and made recommendations for its analysis in the sCJD diagnostic workup. A sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 97% were achieved when using an optimal cut-off of 820 pg/mL a-syn. Moreover, we were able to show a negative correlation between a-syn levels and disease duration suggesting that CSF a-syn may be a good prognostic marker for sCJD patients. The present study validates the use of a-syn as a CSF biomarker of sCJD and establishes the clinical and pre-analytical parameters for its use in differential diagnosis in clinical routine. Additionally, the current test presents some advantages compared to other diagnostic approaches: it is fast, economic, requires minimal amount of CSF and a-syn levels are stable along disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Gotzmann
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silja Köchy
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Knipper
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Golanska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease unit. Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit. Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Center for Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Stasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Llorens F, Kruse N, Schmitz M, Gotzmann N, Golanska E, Thüne K, Zejneli O, Kanata E, Knipper T, Cramm M, Lange P, Zafar S, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Mitrova E, Varges D, Schmidt C, Sklaviadis T, Mollenhauer B, Zerr I. Evaluation of α‐synuclein as a novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in different forms of prion diseases. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:710-719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute for Neuropathology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Nadine Gotzmann
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Ewa Golanska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Orgeta Zejneli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eirini Kanata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tobias Knipper
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Pawel P. Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Eva Mitrova
- Department of Prion Diseases Slovak Medical University Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Daniela Varges
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Theodoros Sklaviadis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute for Neuropathology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik Center for Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders Kassel Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
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13
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Schmitz M, Llorens F, Pracht A, Thom T, Correia Â, Zafar S, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Regulation of human cerebrospinal fluid malate dehydrogenase 1 in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:2927-2935. [PMID: 27852982 PMCID: PMC5191879 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reliable diagnostic biomarkers in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is an ongoing topic. A previous two-dimensional proteomic study on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed an elevated level of an enzyme, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1), in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients. Here, we could demonstrate the expression of MDH1 in neurons as well as in the neuropil. Its levels are lower in sCJD brains than in control brains. An examination of CSF-MDH1 in sCJD patients by ELISA revealed a significant elevation of CSF-MDH1 levels in sCJD patients (independently from the PRNP codon 129 MV genotype or the prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) type) in comparison to controls. In combination with total tau (tau), CSF-MDH1 detection exhibited a high diagnostic accuracy for sCJD diagnosis with a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 95.6%. A correlation study of MDH1 level in CSF with other neurodegenerative marker proteins revealed a significant positive correlation between MDH1 concentration with tau, 14-3-3 and neuron specific enolase level. In conclusion, our study indicated the potential of MDH1 in combination with tau as an additional biomarker in sCJD improving diagnostic accuracy of tau markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmitz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) – Göttingen Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) – Göttingen Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Pracht
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Thom
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ângela Correia
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) – Göttingen Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERNED, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) – Göttingen Campus, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Mata A, Urrea L, Vilches S, Llorens F, Thüne K, Espinosa JC, Andréoletti O, Sevillano AM, Torres JM, Requena JR, Zerr I, Ferrer I, Gavín R, Del Río JA. Reelin Expression in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Experimental Models of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6412-6425. [PMID: 27726110 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular glycoprotein involved in key cellular processes in developing and adult nervous system, including regulation of neuronal migration, synapse formation, and plasticity. Most of these roles are mediated by the intracellular phosphorylation of disabled-1 (Dab1), an intracellular adaptor molecule, in turn mediated by binding Reelin to its receptors. Altered expression and glycosylation patterns of Reelin in cerebrospinal and cortical extracts have been reported in Alzheimer's disease. However, putative changes in Reelin are not described in natural prionopathies or experimental models of prion infection or toxicity. With this is mind, in the present study, we determined that Reelin protein and mRNA levels increased in CJD human samples and in mouse models of human prion disease in contrast to murine models of prion infection. However, changes in Reelin expression appeared only at late terminal stages of the disease, which prevent their use as an efficient diagnostic biomarker. In addition, increased Reelin in CJD and in in vitro models does not correlate with Dab1 phosphorylation, indicating failure in its intracellular signaling. Overall, these findings widen our understanding of the putative changes of Reelin in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mata
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Urrea
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vilches
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - DZNE, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - DZNE, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan-Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Alejandro M Sevillano
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - DZNE, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Oeckl P, Metzger F, Nagl M, von Arnim CAF, Halbgebauer S, Steinacker P, Ludolph AC, Otto M. Alpha-, Beta-, and Gamma-synuclein Quantification in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Reveals Increased Concentrations in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease but No Alteration in Synucleinopathies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3126-3138. [PMID: 27507836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a major constituent of proteinaceous aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and a potential biomarker candidate for diagnosis and treatment effects. However, studies about αSyn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diseases are inconsistent and mainly based on immunological assays. Quantitative information about β-synuclein (βSyn) and γ-synuclein (γSyn) in CSF is not available.Here, we present an alternative method for the simultaneous quantification of αSyn, βSyn and γSyn in CSF by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a high sequence coverage (70%) of αSyn to validate previous, ELISA-based results and characterize synucleins in CSF in more detail.The MRM has high sensitivity in the low pg/ml range (3-30pg/ml full-length αSyn) using 200 μl CSF. A high portion of CSF αSyn is present in the N-terminally acetylated form and the concentration of unmodified peptides in the nonamyloid component region is about 40% lower than in the N-terminal region. Synuclein concentrations show a high correlation with each other in CSF (r>0.80) and in contrast to αSyn and γSyn, βSyn is not affected by blood contamination. CSF αSyn, βSyn and γSyn concentrations were increased in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease but not altered in PD, PD dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. The ratio βSyn/αSyn was increased in PDD (1.49 ± 0.38, p < 0.05) compared with PD (1.11 ± 0.26) and controls (1.15 ± 0.28). βSyn shows a high correlation with CSF tau concentrations (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, n = 125).In conclusion, we could not confirm previous observations of reduced αSyn in PD and our results indicate that CSF synuclein concentrations are rather general markers of synaptic degeneration than specific for synucleinopathies. βsyn is an attractive biomarker candidate that might be used as an alternative to or in combination with tau in AD and CJD diagnosis and in combination with αSyn it is a biomarker candidate for PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oeckl
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Metzger
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Magdalena Nagl
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Steinacker
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Ansoleaga B, Garcia-Esparcia P, Llorens F, Hernández-Ortega K, Carmona Tech M, Antonio Del Rio J, Zerr I, Ferrer I. Altered Mitochondria, Protein Synthesis Machinery, and Purine Metabolism Are Molecular Contributors to the Pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:755-769. [PMID: 27297670 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron loss, synaptic decline, and spongiform change are the hallmarks of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), and may be related to deficiencies in mitochondria, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis. To investigate these relationships, we determined the expression levels of genes encoding subunits of the 5 protein complexes of the electron transport chain, proteins involved in energy metabolism, nucleolar and ribosomal proteins, and enzymes of purine metabolism in frontal cortex samples from 15 cases of sCJD MM1 and age-matched controls. We also assessed the protein expression levels of subunits of the respiratory chain, initiation and elongation translation factors of protein synthesis, and localization of selected mitochondrial components. We identified marked, generalized alterations of mRNA and protein expression of most subunits of all 5 mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in sCJD cases. Expression of molecules involved in protein synthesis and purine metabolism were also altered in sCJD. These findings point to altered mRNA and protein expression of components of mitochondria, protein synthesis machinery, and purine metabolism as components of the pathogenesis of CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Ansoleaga
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Franc Llorens
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Margarita Carmona Tech
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Inga Zerr
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF)
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (BA, PG-E, KH-O, MC, IF); CIBERNED, Network Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spain (PG-E, KH-O, MC, JAR, IF); Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany (FL, IZ); Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JAR); and Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (IF).
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17
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Gmitterová K, Heinemann U, Krasnianski A, Gawinecka J, Zerr I. Cerebrospinal fluid markers in the differentiation of molecular subtypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1126-33. [PMID: 27029507 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis supports the clinical diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) when applied within an adequate clinical context. A diagnostic potential has been attributed to CSF proteins such as 14-3-3, but also tau protein, phosphorylated tau (181P) (p-tau) protein, amyloid β1-42 , S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). There has been only limited information available about the contribution of CSF analysis in the differentiation of various molecular sCJD subtypes. METHODS The CSF levels of the aforementioned proteins from 73 sCJD patients with distinct molecular subtypes were determined. RESULTS Differences in tau values were significant amongst the homozygous patients (MM and VV genotype) compared to the heterozygous group (P = 0.07 and P = 0.02 respectively). Significantly higher CSF tau levels (P = 0.003) and NSE (P = 0.02) but lower p-tau/tau ratio (P = 0.01) were observed in MM1 compared to MM2 patients. The p-tau/tau ratio enabled the differentiation of MV genotype with higher levels in PrP(sc) type 2 (P = 0.04). Elevation of S100B (P < 0.001) and NSE (P = 0.03) was observed in VV2 compared to VV1 subtype. PRNP codon 129 genotype, PrP(sc) isotype, disease duration and clinical stage influenced the test sensitivity in all proteins. CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid protein levels might be useful in the pre-mortem differentiation of molecular sCJD subtypes when the codon 129 genotype is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gmitterová
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Centre and DZNE, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,Second Department of Neurology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - U Heinemann
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Centre and DZNE, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Krasnianski
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Centre and DZNE, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Gawinecka
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Centre and DZNE, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Centre and DZNE, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Strain-Specific Altered Regulatory Response of Rab7a and Tau in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:697-709. [PMID: 26768426 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for the understanding of pathophysiology on neurodegeneration diseases at early stages. Changes in endocytic machinery and the cytoskeleton-associated response are the first alterations observed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Alzheimer's disease AD brain. In this study, we performed a targeted search for endocytic pathway proteins in the different regions of the brain. We found late endosome marker Rab7a which was significantly upregulated in the frontal cortex region in the rapid progressive CJD form (MM1) and rapid progressive AD (rpAD) forms. However, Rab9 expression was significantly downregulated only in CJD-MM1 brain frontal cortex region. In the cerebellum, Rab7a expression showed significant upregulation in both subtype MM1 and VV2 CJD forms, in contrast to Rab9 which showed significant downregulation in both subtype MM1 and VV2 CJD forms at terminal stage of the disease. To check regulatory response at pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, we checked the regulatory interactive response of Rab7a, Rab9, and known biomarkers PrPC and tau forms in frontal cortex at pre-symptomatic stage of the disease in tg340 mice expressing about fourfold of human PrP-M129 with PrP-null background that had been inoculated with human sCJD MM1 brain tissue homogenates (sCJD MM1 mice). In addition, we analyzed 5XFAD mice, exhibiting five mutations in the APP and presenilin genes related to familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), to validate specific regulatory response of Rab7a, Rab9, tau, and phosphorylated form of tau by immunostaining 5XFAD mice in comparison with the wild-type age-matched mice brain. The cortical region of 5XFAD mice brain showed accumulated form of Rab7a in puncta that co-label for p-Tau, indicating colocalization by using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and was confirmed by using reverse co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, synthetic RNA (siRNA) against the Rab7a gene decreased expression of Rab7a protein, in cortical primary neuronal cultures of PrPC wild type. This depleted expression of Rab7a led to the increased accumulation of PrPC in Rab9-positive endosomal compartments and consequently an increased co-localization between PrPC/Rab9; however, total tau level decreased. Interestingly, siRNA against tau gene in cortical primary neuronal cultures of PrPC wild-type mice showed enhanced Rab7a and Rab9 expression and increase formation of dendritic spines. The work described highlighted the selective involvement of late endosomal compartment marker Rab7a in CJD, slow and rapid progressive forms of AD pathogenesis.
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19
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Chen C, Zhou W, Lv Y, Shi Q, Wang J, Xiao K, Chen LN, Zhang BY, Dong XP. The Levels of Tau Isoforms Containing Exon-2 and Exon-10 Segments Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of the Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3999-4009. [PMID: 26188647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been widely evaluated, possessing a significant diagnostic value for CJD. With the biotin-labeled tau-exon-specific mAbs, direct ELISA methods were established and the levels of tau isoforms containing exon-2 and exon-10 segments in CSF of the patients with various human prion diseases and in brain tissues of scrapie-infected animals were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of tau, especially containing four repeats in microtubule binding domain, were increased in the CSF samples of the patients with sporadic CJD (sCJD). Using the unlabeled (cold) mixed exon-specific mAbs, a competitive tau ELISA was conducted based on a commercial tau kit. It revealed that the majority of the increased tau in the CSF of sCJD cases was derived from the tau isoforms with exon-2 and exon-10 segments. Increases of CSF tau isoforms with exon-2 and exon-10 segments were also observed in the patients of E200K and T188K genetic CJD (gCJD), but not in the cases of fatal familiar insomnia (FFI). The increasing levels of tau isoforms with exon-2 and exon-10 segments in the group of sCJD correlated well with the positive 14-3-3 in CSF. Additionally, the similar alterative profiles of tau isoforms with exon-2 and exon-10 segments were also observed in the brain tissues of scrapie-infected rodents and a sCJD patient. Our data here propose the tau isoforms with exon-2 and exon-10 segments increase in CSF of sCJD and some types of gCJD, which may help to understand the physiological metabolism and pathological significance of various tau isoforms in the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Llorens F, Kruse N, Schmitz M, Shafiq M, da Cunha JEG, Gotzman N, Zafar S, Thune K, de Oliveira JRM, Mollenhauer B, Zerr I. Quantification of CSF biomarkers using an electrochemiluminescence-based detection system in the differential diagnosis of AD and sCJD. J Neurol 2015; 262:2305-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Zafar S, Schmitz M, Younus N, Tahir W, Shafiq M, Llorens F, Ferrer I, Andéoletti O, Zerr I. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Subtype-Specific Regional and Temporal Regulation of ADP Ribosylation Factor-1-Dependent Rho/MLC Pathway at Pre-Clinical Stage. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:329-48. [PMID: 25896910 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Arf family mainly activate the formation of coated carrier vesicles. We showed that class-I Arf1 interacts specifically with full length GPI-anchored cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Several recent reports have also demonstrated a missing link between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi-complex role for proper folding, but the exact molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we identified and characterized the interactive role of Arf1 during PrP(C) intracellular distribution under pathophysiological conditions. PrP(C) interaction with Arf1 was investigated in cortical primary neuronal cultures of PrP(C) wild type and knockout mice (PrP(-/-)). Arf1 and PrP(C) co-binding affinity was confirmed using reverse co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization affinity using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Treatment with brefeldin-A modulated Arf1 expression and resulted in down-regulation and redistribution of PrP(C) into cytosolic region. In the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, Arf1 expression was significantly downregulated in the frontal cortex in tg340 mice expressing about fourfold of human PrP-M129 with PrP null background that had been inoculated with human sCJD MM1 brain tissue homogenates (sCJD MM1 mice). In addition, the frontal cortex of CJD human brain demonstrated significant binding capacity of Arf1 protein using co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We also examined Arf1 expression in the brain of CJD patients with the subtypes MM1 and VV2 and found that it was regulated in a region-specific manner. In the frontal cortex, Arf1 expression was not significantly changed in either MM1 or VV2 subtype. Interestingly, Arf1 expression was significantly reduced in the cerebellum in both subtypes as compared to controls. Furthermore, we observed altered RhoA activity, which in turn affects myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation and Arf1-dependent PI3K pathway. Together, our findings underscore a key early symptomatic role of Arf1 in neurodegeneration. Targeting the Arf/Rho/MLC signaling axis might be a promising strategy to uncover the missing link which probably influences disease progression and internal homeostasis of misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany,
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