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Ahrens W, Brenner H, Flechtner-Mors M, Harrington JM, Hebestreit A, Kamphuis CBM, Kelly L, Laxy M, Luszczynska A, Mazzocchi M, Murrin C, Poelman MP, Steenhuis I, Roos G, Steinacker JM, van Lenthe F, Zeeb H, Zukowska J, Lakerveld J, Woods CB. Dietary behaviour and physical activity policies in Europe: learnings from the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:iv114-iv125. [PMID: 36444106 PMCID: PMC9706119 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Policy Evaluation Network (PEN), initiated in autumn 2018, aimed at advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Europe. This is needed because non-communicable diseases-the leading cause of global mortality-are substantially caused by physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary behaviours, which in turn are driven by upstream factors that have not yet been addressed effectively by prevention approaches. Thus, successful policy interventions are required that target entire populations and tackle the 'causes of the causes'. To advance our knowledge on the effective implementation of policies and their impact in terms of improving health behaviours, PEN focused on five research tasks: (i) Adaptation and implementation of a Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and development of a Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI); (ii) Mapping of health-related indicators needed for policy evaluation and facilitating a harmonized pan-European approach for surveillance to assess the impact of policy interventions; (iii) Refining quantitative methods to evaluate the impact of public policies; (iv) Identifying key barriers and facilitators of implementation of policies; and (v) Advance understanding the equity impact of the development, implementation and evaluation of policies aimed at promoting physical activity and a healthy diet. Finally, and in order to provide concrete evidence for policymaking, existing exemplary policies, namely sugar-sweetened beverages taxation, active transport policies and school policies on nutrition and physical activity were assessed in consideration of these five tasks. At the end of the PEN project's formal runtime, considerable advancements have been made. Here, we present an overview of the most important learnings and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Correspondence: Wolfgang Ahrens, Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Tel: +49 421 218 56822, e-mail:
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Flechtner-Mors
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janas M Harrington
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liam Kelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael Laxy
- Technical University of Munich, Professorship of Public Health and Prevention, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mario Mazzocchi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celine Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Steenhuis
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute De Boelelaan 1085, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gun Roos
- Consumption Research Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Human Geography and Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Joanna Zukowska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Garcia A, Higgs S, Lluch A, Darcel N, Davidenko O. Associations between Perceived Social Eating Norms and Initiation and Maintenance of Changes in Dietary Habits during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in France. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112745. [PMID: 34829024 PMCID: PMC8622752 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in dietary habits of the French population have been reported during the national lockdown that was enforced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated whether perceived social eating norms were associated with the initiation and maintenance of dietary changes that took place as a result of lockdown. An online study collected information on (1) changes in consumption implemented during the lockdown and the maintenance of these changes, and (2) perceptions about changes in consumption implemented during lockdown by household members, relatives out of home, and the general population. The changes in consumption were classified as foods to increase or to decrease according to French national recommendations. The perception of changes to dietary habits by household members and relatives out of home was related to the changes made by individuals for each of the food categories (all p < 0.05) but not to the perception of changes made the general population. Increased consumption of foods to increase was more likely to be maintained when there was a positive perception of the changes made by household members (p = 0.03). These results highlight the influence of the perception of social eating norms, especially by household members and relatives, on the implementation of dietary changes during lockdown and suggest that social eating norms can have a lasting influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Garcia
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Anne Lluch
- Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, 91767 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Davidenko
- INRAE, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (O.D.)
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Amenyah SD, Murphy J, Fenge LA. Evaluation of a health-related intervention to reduce overweight, obesity and increase employment in France and the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods realist evaluation protocol. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:582. [PMID: 33761929 PMCID: PMC7987742 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, overweight and unemployment are interlinked, with debilitating effects on mortality, health, wellbeing and quality of life. Existing interventions to reduce overweight, obesity and unemployment have addressed these challenges independent of each other with limited success. The Adding to Social capital and individual Potential In disadvantaged REgions (ASPIRE) project will develop an innovative model using a combination of skills training and health and wellbeing interventions to improve health, wellbeing, quality of life and reduce overweight, obesity and unemployment in England and France. The aim of this paper is to outline the protocol for evaluating the ASPIRE project to examine the effectiveness of the intervention and clarify the mechanisms and contextual factors which interact to achieve outcomes. Methods A mixed-method realist evaluation using a single-group before-and-after design will be used. The evaluation will consist of development of an initial programme theory, theory validation and refinement using quantitative and qualitative data to understand the causal mechanisms, contexts of implementation and their interactions that result in outcomes observed in ASPIRE. Primary outcomes that will be assessed are change in body weight and body mass index, reemployment and a rise on the ASPIRE participation ladder. The ASPIRE participation ladders consists of a series of 5 steps to engage participants in the project. The first step on the ladder is joining an ASPIRE hub with paid employment as the final step on the ladder. Secondary outcomes will be physical activity, diet quality, self-efficacy and health-related quality of life. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are appropriate in this study because the use of validated questionnaires and objective measures will demonstrate how much the intervention addressed outcomes related to weight loss and reemployment and the qualitative data (photovoice) will provide insights into the contexts and experiences that are unique to participants in the project. Discussion The results from this evaluation will provide an understanding of how a model of health-related interventions which improve health, wellbeing and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle could reduce overweight, obesity and unemployment. The findings will enable the adaptation of this model for effective implementation in different contexts and circumstances. Trial registration ISRCTN registry: Study ID: ISRCTN17609001, 24th February 2021 (Retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10523-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D Amenyah
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, 5th Floor, Bournemouth Gateway Building, Bournemouth University, St Paul's Lane, Bournemouth, BH8 8GP, UK.
| | - Jane Murphy
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, 5th Floor, Bournemouth Gateway Building, Bournemouth University, St Paul's Lane, Bournemouth, BH8 8GP, UK
| | - Lee-Ann Fenge
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, 5th Floor, Bournemouth Gateway Building, Bournemouth University, St Paul's Lane, Bournemouth, BH8 8GP, UK
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Doro E, Réquillart V. Review of sustainable diets: are nutritional objectives and low-carbon-emission objectives compatible? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41130-020-00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFood systems in developed countries face one major challenge, namely the promotion of diets that are both healthy and generate less greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). In this article, we review papers evaluating the impact of a change in diets on both health and GHGE. We address the following questions: How big are the health and environmental impacts that could be induced by a switch to healthier diets? In monetary value, what is the relative importance of the health impact and the environmental impact? Is it possible to design an economic policy to increase global welfare that also takes into account the externalities on both health and the environment? Since the way the change in diet is modeled is a key issue, we classify papers according to the methodology used for simulating diet changes: ad hoc scenarios, optimized diets, and economic modeling. We find that it is possible to design economic policies that have positive impacts on both dimension. Because the substitutions/complementarities between food products are complex, it is not granted that a policy targeting one dimension will generate positive effects on the other dimensions. However, given the diversity of substitution and the complementarity possibilities between products, it is possible to design a policy that does improve both dimensions. A carbon-based tax policy that targets the products with a high greenhouse gas content (e.g., meat products) and reinvests the revenues collected with the tax to subsidize the consumption of fruit and vegetables, is likely to have positive effects on both dimensions.
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Szajnar K, Znamirowska A, Kuźniar P. Sensory and textural properties of fermented milk with viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12 and increased calcium concentration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1748050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szajnar
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agata Znamirowska
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuźniar
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Accounting for consumers' preferences in the analysis of dietary recommendations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:1033-1039. [PMID: 30254243 PMCID: PMC6760637 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives The goal of this article is to present and demonstrate the applicability of an original method to assess the economic and health impacts of compliance with food-based recommendations. The method takes account of consumers’ preferences and the associated adoption cost in the assessment of various recommendations. Subjects/Methods We combine an economic model of diet choice with an epidemiological model to compute the health impacts of dietary changes. To demonstrate the use of the method, we analyse the impacts of a 5% variation in the consumption of seven food groups taken separately: a 5% increase in consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) and milk products; and a 5% decrease in consumption of red meat, all meats, salty/sweet products, ready meals and butter/cream/cheese. Results A recommendation, when adopted by consumers, generates important changes in the whole diet due to substitutions and complementarities among foods. All simulated recommendations have a positive impact on health. The F&V recommendation has the largest impact on the number of DALYs averted, but the highest adoption cost for consumers, especially for low-income consumers. Alone, the change in energy intake explains from 71% to 98% of the DALYs averted induced by a recommendation. Conclusions Small increases in recommended foods have the potential of generating relatively significant health gains. Preference-driven substitutions among foods have a major effect on simulated health outcomes and should be included in the assessment of dietary recommendations, together with the adoption cost borne by consumers.
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Kerins C, Cunningham K, Finucane FM, Gibson I, Jones J, Kelly C. Effects of an icon-based menu labelling initiative on consumer food choice. Perspect Public Health 2016; 137:45-52. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913916640826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an icon-based menu labelling initiative on consumer buying behaviour. Methods: This quasi-experimental study recruited a convenience sample of eight food service establishments, all with at least one menu item meeting the heart healthy criteria. Data from sales of all menu items sold over an 8-week period were collated 4 weeks prior to and 4 weeks during the display of information icons related to healthy food choices on menus. Results: The absolute change in menu item sales showed a non-significant trend towards an increase in healthier menu item selections. Furthermore, there was no association between the type of food service establishment and the percentage change in labelled menu item sales. Conclusion: The study did not find a statistically significant influence of the icon-based menu labels on consumer food choice. Given the limited amount of research that examines alternative menu labelling formats in real-world settings, more studies are necessary to confirm these results. Further research is needed to identify the optimal format, content and impact of menu labels on consumer behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kerins
- National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie Cunningham
- National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francis M Finucane
- Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway Diabetes Research Centre, HRB Clinical Research Facility, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene Gibson
- National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenni Jones
- National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland; Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:61-84. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sodium intake and its reduction by food reformulation in the European Union — A review. NFS JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ballam R. A week to remember: For life. NUTR BULL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Ballam
- British Nutrition Foundation; London; UK
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