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Ling W, Wang S, Li S. Diversity patterns in non-standard employment and their relationship with self-rated health in urban China from 2010 to 2021. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116827. [PMID: 38569287 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the rise of non-standard employment in China is thought to profoundly influence workers' health. Using data from the China General Social Survey 2010-2021, this study compares the self-rated health of workers engaged in various non-standard employment types with those in unemployment or standard employment in urban China. The research also investigates how these patterns have evolved over time among urban residents with different hukou types amid the expansion of China's welfare system and labor market shifts. We find that while unemployment is significantly related to worse self-rated health, the effects vary across different types of non-standard employment. Precarious employment has a more substantial adverse effect on health than part-time and self-employment, although the effect is less severe than that of unemployment. Between 2010 and 2018, the health impact of precarious employment declined, aligning with China's enhanced welfare system. However, its negative effect re-emerged in 2021. These patterns are particularly pronounced for urban residents holding agricultural hukou, highlighting the intersection of non-standard employment with the household registration system in shaping health outcomes within evolving labor markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Ling
- Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Senhu Wang
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shuanglong Li
- Department of Sociology, School of Social Development, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, PR China.
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Neshat Ghojagh HM, Agheli L, Faraji Dizaji S, Kabir MJ, Taghvaee V. Economic instability, income, and unemployment effects on mortality: using SUR panel data in Iran. Int J Health Econ Manag 2024:10.1007/s10754-024-09376-1. [PMID: 38656735 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-024-09376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors on mortality in Iran. To this end, this research examines how economic instability, income, and unemployment affect mortality using a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) with panel data for 30 provinces in Iran from 2004 to 2019. The results indicate that unemployment and mortality have a countercyclical relationship among the working age-groups 20-59 but a procyclical pattern among old-age (60+), except for rural mortality. This result is harmonious between employment and age-group mortality. This finding implies that unemployment increases mortality in working age-groups due to psychological stress and poverty risk. In addition, the income level decreases mortality in all ages over 40 years due to the provision of higher access to health and medical services and social welfare. However, it increases mortality in rural areas and age-group 20-39 because of their hazardous, unsafe, and stressful work conditions. Therefore, policymakers should plan for an inclusive economic growth to reduce poverty and out-of-pocket payments and increase the quality and accessibility of public health services, especially for beneficiaries of lower social groups. Moreover, they should adopt strategies to alleviate the burden of premature, preventable, and treatable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotfali Agheli
- Economic Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Faraji Dizaji
- Department of Economic Development and Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kabir
- Health management and social development research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Taghvaee
- Chair of Economic Growth, Structural Change and Trade, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Mau M, Roessler KK, Andersen LN, Vang ML. Self-Perceived Interpersonal Problems Among Long-Term Unemployed Individuals, and Vocational Rehabilitation Programs (In)ability to Change Them. J Occup Rehabil 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10188-w. [PMID: 38632114 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-perceived interpersonal problems can challenge one's access to the work market, making it harder to attain and keep a job while adding to the distress of being outside of the labor market. METHODS In this study, we compared the self-perceived interpersonal problems among long-term unemployed individuals taking part in vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) (N = 220) with those of the general population. In addition, we examined whether their self-perceived interpersonal problems changed while taking part in the VRPs. RESULTS We found that participants report significantly higher levels of self-perceived interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), especially with regard to feeling cold/distanced, socially inhibited, vindictive/self-centered, and non-assertive. The participants did not report a significant decrease in self-perceived interpersonal problems after being part of VRPs for one year. CONCLUSION These results are relevant as they may inform interventions targeted this population aimed at increasing employability and/or individual well-being. Importantly, the findings may be viewed as a reflection of both social and individual processes. Long-term unemployed individuals' tendency to feel insufficiently engaged may reflect difficulty with keeping up with a job market in constant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mau
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Health, Social Work and Welfare Research, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten K Roessler
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte N Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria L Vang
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Skinner A, Occhipinti JA, Song YJC, Hickie IB. Mental health impacts of COVID-19: A retrospective analysis of dynamic modelling projections for Australia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28250. [PMID: 38586382 PMCID: PMC10998102 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In early 2020, we developed a dynamic model to support policy responses aimed at mitigating the adverse mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. As the pandemic has progressed, it has become clear that our initial model forecasts overestimated the impacts of infection control measures (lockdowns, physical distancing, etc.) on suicide, intentional self-harm hospitalisation, and mental health-related emergency department (ED) presentation rates. Methods Potential explanations for the divergence of our model predictions from observed outcomes were assessed by comparing simulation results for a set of progressively more refined models with data on the prevalence of moderate to very high psychological distress and numbers of suicides, intentional self-harm hospitalisations, and mental health-related ED presentations published after our modelling was released in July 2020. Results Allowing per capita rates of spontaneous recovery and intentional self-harm to differ between people experiencing moderate to very high psychological distress prior to the pandemic and those developing comparable levels of psychological distress only as a consequence of infection control measures substantially improves the fit of our model to empirical estimates of the prevalence of psychological distress and leads to significantly lower predicted effects of COVID-19 on suicide, intentional self-harm hospitalisation, and mental health-related ED presentation rates. Conclusion Accommodating the influence of prior mental health on the psychological effects of population-wide social and economic disruption is likely to be critical for accurately forecasting the mental health impacts of future public health crises as they inevitably arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Skinner
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jo-An Occhipinti
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Computer Simulation and Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, Australia
| | - Yun Ju Christine Song
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hijdra RW, Robroek SJW, Sadigh Y, Burdorf A, Schuring M. The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:253-262. [PMID: 38200231 PMCID: PMC10944804 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates the effects of the interdisciplinary employment program 'Work As Best Care (WABC)' on employment participation and mental health of persons with severe mental disorders. METHODS WABC is a 'work first' employment program for unemployed persons with severe mental disorders in which employment professionals work closely together with mental health professionals. In a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study, participants of WABC (n = 35) are compared with participants of the control group (n = 37), who received regular employment support. Participants were followed for 1 year and filled out questionnaires on individual characteristics and health at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. This information was enriched with monthly register data on employment status from 2015 until 2020. Difference-in-differences analyses were performed to investigate changes in employment participation among participants of WABC and the control group. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to compare changes in mental health (measured on 0-100 scale) between the two groups. RESULTS Before WABC, employment participation was 22.0%points lower among participants of WABC compared to the control group. After starting WABC, employment participation increased with 15.3%points per year among participants of WABC, compared to 5.6%points in the control group. Among all participants of WABC, no change in mental health was found (β 1.0, 95% CI - 3.4; 5.5). Only female participants of WABC showed a significant change in mental health (β 8.0, 95% CI 2.6; 13.4). CONCLUSION To enhance employment participation of persons with severe mental disorders, an interdisciplinary 'work-first' approach in which professionals of employment services and mental health services work in close collaboration, is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hijdra
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - S J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Y Sadigh
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - A Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - M Schuring
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands.
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Salit RB, Lee SJ, Bhatt NS, Carpenter PA, Fan X, Armstrong A, Oshima MU, Connelly-Smith L, Krakow E, Lee CJ, Vo P, Mehta R, Syrjala KL. Returning to Work Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The Survivor's Perspective. Transplant Cell Ther 2024:S2666-6367(24)00301-4. [PMID: 38561139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While curing a patient's underlying disease is the primary goal of physicians performing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the ultimate objective is to provide patients with optimal post-HCT quality of life. For many survivors, this includes returning to work (RTW). We conducted a survey of 1- to 5-yr post-HCT survivors at our center to evaluate their perspective on facilitators and barriers to RTW as well as to gauge interest in potentially useful RTW support interventions. Survivors aged 18 to 65 yrs (n = 994) were sent an annual survey that included 36 supplementary questions about post-HCT RTW. Survey questions were selected from published national cancer survivor surveys and then modified specifically for HCT survivors. Three hundred forty-four (35%) survivors with a mean age of 53 yrs completed the survey, of whom 272 (79%) had worked prior to their diagnosis. Of those 272 patients, 145 (53%) were working currently and another 22 (8%) had attempted to go back to work following HCT but were not presently working. We found that having had an allogeneic versus autologous HCT (P = .006) was associated with a decreased likelihood of currently working, whereas frequent employer communication (>once a month) (P = .070) and having a more supportive employer (P = .036) were associated with a greater chance of currently working. Of survivors currently working, 45% reported that they had made one or more changes to their work schedule (e.g., flexible schedule or part-time work) or environment (e.g., work from home) upon RTW. Ninety-five percent of responders reported that they could have benefited from RTW support provided by the transplant center, but only 13% indicated that they had received it. Education on RTW challenges, information on disability benefits, and access to physical therapy were among the most requested support interventions. To improve post-HCT quality of life for survivors open to assistance, providers should address work status and goals, recognize barriers to successful return, and offer RTW support including working directly with employers. Allogeneic HCT survivors are particularly vulnerable to failing attempts to RTW and should be the target of retention interventions. A previously published manuscript on RTW guidance for providers of stem cell transplant patients endorsed by the American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy is available in Open Access and can be used as a tool to counsel and support these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Salit
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Neel S Bhatt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Statistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ailie Armstrong
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Social Work, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Masumi Ueda Oshima
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura Connelly-Smith
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Krakow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine J Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Phuong Vo
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rohtesh Mehta
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen L Syrjala
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
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Irvine A, Haggar T. Conceptualising the social in mental health and work capability: implications of medicalised framing in the UK welfare system. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:455-465. [PMID: 36912993 PMCID: PMC10944406 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper asks whether the separation of mental health from its wider social context during the UK benefits assessment processes is a contributing factor to widely recognised systemic difficulties, including intrinsically damaging effects and relatively ineffective welfare-to-work outcomes. METHODS Drawing on multiple sources of evidence, we ask whether placing mental health-specifically a biomedical conceptualisation of mental illness or condition as a discrete agent-at the core of the benefits eligibility assessment process presents obstacles to (i) accurately understanding a claimant's lived experience of distress (ii) meaningfully establishing the specific ways it affects their capacity for work, and (iii) identifying the multifaceted range of barriers (and related support needs) that a person may have in relation to moving into employment. RESULTS We suggest that a more holistic assessment of work capacity, a different kind of conversation that considers not only the (fluctuating) effects of psychological distress but also the range of personal, social and economic circumstances that affect a person's capacity to gain and sustain employment, would offer a less distressing and ultimately more productive approach to understanding work capability. CONCLUSION Such a shift would reduce the need to focus on a state of medicalised incapacity and open up space in encounters for more a more empowering focus on capacity, capabilities, aspirations, and what types of work are (or might be) possible, given the right kinds of contextualised and personalised support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Irvine
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tianne Haggar
- The Policy Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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Tasfi JT, Mostofa SM. Understanding complex causes of suicidal behaviour among graduates in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:560. [PMID: 38389062 PMCID: PMC10882760 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study utilizes both fieldwork and desk-based discourse analysis of newspaper reports to investigate the concerning number of suicides among graduates in Bangladesh. According to some reports, a majority of suicide cases involve young adults who are either currently studying at university or have recently completed their degree (between the ages of 20 and 32). This research contends that patriarchal social expectations in Bangladesh place significant pressure on young adults to secure well-paying jobs to support their families and uphold their family's status, which can have a negative impact on their mental health. Furthermore, this article identifies additional risk factors that contribute to the high suicide rates among graduates in Bangladesh. These factors include unemployment, poverty, relationship problems, drug addiction, political marginalization, and the stigma of shame, all of which can cause low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. Moreover, the research suggests that families in Bangladesh have not been providing adequate support to their young members when facing challenges in life. On the contrary, families have added to the pressure on young adults, which can be attributed to joiner's theory of the effect of industrialization on family norms and values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarin Tasnim Tasfi
- Department of World Religions and Culture, University of Dhaka, Arts Building, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi Md Mostofa
- Department of World Religions and Culture, University of Dhaka, Arts Building, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Kanwar K, Margo CE, French DD. Self-Reported Visual Disability and Unemployment: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38315792 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between visual impairment and employment status due to disability, utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). METHODS Adults 18 years of age and older were extracted from the 2022 NHIS dataset. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the odds of unemployment ("laid off" and "looking for work"). Persons over the age of 65, as well as persons retired, going to school, self-employed, seasonal, or contract workers were excluded. Independent variables for the model included gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residency, level of education, citizenship, and self-reported vision. The latter variable was categorized as seeing with "some" difficulty, with "severe" difficulty, "can't see at all," and "a lot of difficulty." Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Associations with unemployment included education less than high school (OR 6.05, 95% CI: 3.98-9.18) and high school (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.78-5.21); severe vision difficulty (OR 3.68 95% CI 1.73-7.86); Asian race (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.64-3.89); and Black race (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.41). The odds of unemployment were marginally elevated for those living in large metropolitan areas, while being born in the United States had a modest protective effect (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42-0.66). CONCLUSION The degree of visual impairment in this post-COVID-19 pandemic survey substantially affects employment, which is consistent with historical studies. Education among those with impaired vision is an important and modifiable variable that can positively influence the chances of employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kanwar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Curtis E Margo
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dustin D French
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Aouchiche K, Bernoux D, Baechler Sadoul E, Haine E, Joubert F, Epstein S, Faure Galon N, Dalla-Vale F, Combe JC, Samper M, Simonin G, Castets S, Marquant E, Vergier J, Reynaud R. Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on everyday life of young children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: An evaluation of 114 families. Prim Care Diabetes 2024; 18:91-96. [PMID: 38000979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide. The advent of new monitoring devices has enabled tighter glycemic control. AIM To study the impact of glucose monitoring devices on the everyday life of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents. METHODS A questionnaire was addressed to parents of children with T1D under the age of 6 years with an insulin pump treated in one of the hospitals of the ADIM network in France between January and July 2020. RESULTS Among the 114 families included in the study, 53% of parents (26/49) woke up every night to monitor blood glucose levels when their child had flash glucose monitoring (FGM), compared with 23% (13/56) of those whose child had continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Overall, 81% of parents (86/108) found that glucose monitoring improved their own sleep and parents whose child had CGM were significantly more likely to report improved sleep (86% vs 73%, p = 0.006). Forty-nine percent of parents (55/113) declared that they (in 87% of cases, the mother only) had reduced their working hours or stopped working following their child's T1D diagnosis. Maternal unemployment was significantly associated with the presence of siblings (p = 0.001) but not with glycemic control (p = 0,87). Ninety-eight percent of parents (105/107) think that glucose monitoring improves school integration. CONCLUSION In these families of children with T1D, new diabetes technologies reduced the burden of care but sleep disruption remained common. Social needs evaluation, particularly of mothers, is important at initial diagnosis of T1D in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aouchiche
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - D Bernoux
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - E Baechler Sadoul
- Nice-Lenval University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 57 Avenue de la Californie, Nice, France
| | - E Haine
- Nice-Lenval University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 57 Avenue de la Californie, Nice, France
| | - F Joubert
- Avignon Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 305 Rue Raoul Follereau, 84902 Avignon, France
| | - S Epstein
- Aubagne Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 179 Av des Sœurs Gastine, 13677 Aubagne, France
| | - N Faure Galon
- Aix-en-Provence Pertuis Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Avenue des Tamaris, Aix-en Provence, France
| | - F Dalla-Vale
- Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Arnaud De Villeneuve Hospital, 371 avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France; Saint-Pierre Institute, Department of Pediatrics, 371 Avenue de l'évêché de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - J C Combe
- Hyères hospital, Depatment of Pediatrics, Bd Maréchal Juin, 83400 Hyères, France
| | - M Samper
- Pediatric Val Pré Vert Rehabilitation and Recuperative Care Facilities, 929 route de Gardanne, 13105 Mimet, France
| | - G Simonin
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - S Castets
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - E Marquant
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - J Vergier
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - R Reynaud
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Multidisciplinary Pediatric Service - La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
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Callovini LC, Rojo-Wissar DM, Mayer C, Glickenstein DA, Karamchandani AJ, Lin KK, Thomson CA, Quan SF, Silva GE, Haynes PL. Effects of sleep on breakfast behaviors in recently unemployed adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:114-121. [PMID: 37973452 PMCID: PMC10922088 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skipping meals is linked to negative cardiometabolic health outcomes. Few studies have examined the effects of breakfast skipping after disruptive life events, like job loss. The present analyses examine whether sleep timing, duration, and continuity are associated with breakfast eating among 186 adults who recently (past 90 days) experienced involuntary unemployment from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. METHODS We conducted both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses to assess the relationship between actigraphic sleep after job loss and breakfast eating. RESULTS Later sleep timing was associated with a lower percentage of days breakfast was eaten at baseline (B = -0.09, SE = 0.02, P < .001) and longitudinally over 18 months (estimate = -0.04; SE = 0.02; P < .05). No other sleep indices were associated with breakfast consumption cross-sectionally or prospectively. CONCLUSIONS Unemployed adults with a delay in sleep timing are more likely to skip breakfast than adults with an advancement in sleep timing. Future studies are necessary to test chronobiological mechanisms by which sleep timing might impact breakfast eating. With the understanding that sleep timing is linked to breakfast eating, the advancement of sleep timing may provide a pathway for the promotion of breakfast eating, ultimately preventing cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Callovini
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Candace Mayer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin K Lin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patricia L Haynes
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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12
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Fontana G, Sawyer M. The macroeconomics of near zero growth of GDP in a world of geopolitical risks and conflicts. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119717. [PMID: 38042081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of the macroeconomic conditions for near zero economic growth based on a demand-led growth model, and their implications in terms of paid employment, government finances, and the rate of profit. The main finding of the paper is that a level of net investment compatible with near zero growth would lead to a lower level of paid employment in terms of total hours worked. The effects on the distribution of work and the unemployment level would depend on changes to working time, whether in terms of average hours worked per annum, ages of entry into, and exit from, the work force. Furthermore, changes in working time would be achieved through social actions and legislation, rather than market mechanisms. A government budget deficit may well be required to underpin full employment and capacity utilisation, though there may be long-term limits on the use of budget deficits in a near zero growth context. Finally, a near zero growth rate would also mean a substantial lower rate of profit than hitherto. The implementation of these theoretical conditions require a level of cooperation between and within countries, which is much more difficult to reach in the presence of geopolitical risks and conflicts. Yet, there is no country secure from geopolitical risks and conflicts without an ecologically sustainable use of the natural resources. The theoretical conditions discussed in this paper could serve as "condiciones sine quibus non" to ecological sustainability, while navigating the complexities and uncertainties caused by the on-going conflicts and heightened geopolitical risks.
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13
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Bete T, Misgana T, Nigussie K, Aliye K, Abdeta T, Wedaje D, Hunduma G, Assefa A, Tesfaye D, Asfaw H, Amano A, Tariku M, Dereje J, Ali T, Mohammed F, Demissie M, Mohammed A, Hayru N, Assefa B, Wilfong T, Alemu D. Depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and associated factors among adults, in the Eastern part of Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38172755 PMCID: PMC10763018 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is one of the severe and common mental illnesses in the general population. Bipolar disorder is a severe, persistent mental illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder in our study area. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among adults in Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites in Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,416 participants. A multi-stage sampling was employed to select the participants. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria was used to assess depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Those with a p-value < 0.05 in the final model were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among our study participants was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.40, 8.20) and 2.1% (95% CI: (1.40, 3.00), respectively. The independent predictors of depressive disorder included a family history of mental illness, chronic medical illnesses, unemployment, low educational status, divorced or widowed, poor social support, and current alcohol use or khat chewing. Single, males, divorced or widowed, and current consumers of alcohol were independent predictors for bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The results of our investigation showed that bipolar illness and depression were significant public health issues. It was shown that although bipolar disorder is highly prevalent in the society, depression is a widespread concern. As a result, it is imperative that the relevant body grow and enhance the provision of mental health services. Furthermore, research on the effects and burdens of bipolar disorder in the community is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Misgana
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kemal Aliye
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Abdeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawud Wedaje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gari Hunduma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abduselam Assefa
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulkarim Amano
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jerman Dereje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Ali
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Fethia Mohammed
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Demissie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nejiba Hayru
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Assefa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tara Wilfong
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Lindner SR, Scarpa S, McCarty D, Lundgren L. Addiction severity and re-employment in Sweden among adults with risky alcohol and drug use. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 156:209178. [PMID: 37820868 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assesses respondents' biopsychosocial problems in seven addiction-related domains (mental health, family and social relations, employment, alcohol use, drug use, physical health, and legal problems). This study examined the association between the seven ASI composite scores and re-employment in a sample of Swedish adults screened for risky alcohol and drug use who were without employment at assessment. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of employment outcomes among 6502 unemployed adults living in Sweden who completed an ASI assessment for risky alcohol and drug use. The study linked ASI scores to annual tax register data. The primary outcome was employment, defined as having earnings above an administrative threshold. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the association between time to re-employment and ASI composite scores, controlling for demographic characteristics, RESULTS: Approximately three in ten individuals in the sample regained employment within five years. ASI composite scores suggested widespread biopsychosocial problems. Re-employment was associated with lower ASI composite scores for mental health (estimate: 0.775, 95 % confidence interval: 0.629-0.956), employment (estimate: 0.669, confidence interval: 0.532-0.841), drug use (estimate: 0.628, confidence interval: 0.428-0.924), and health (estimate: 0.798, confidence interval: 0.699-0.912). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that several ASI domains may provide information on the complex factors (i.e., mental health, health, drug use) associated with long-term unemployment for people with risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R Lindner
- Center for Health Systems Effectiveness (CHSE), Oregon Health & Science University, 3030 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, United States; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, 1805 SW Fourth Ave, Portland, OR 97201, United States.
| | - Simone Scarpa
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Samhällsvetarhuset, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Dennis McCarty
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, 1805 SW Fourth Ave, Portland, OR 97201, United States; Division of General and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3266 SW Research Drive, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Lena Lundgren
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Samhällsvetarhuset, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Cross-National Behavioral Health Laboratory, University of Denver, 2148 S High Street, Denver, CO 80208, United States.
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15
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Seiz M, Salazar L, Eremenko T. Perinatal health in Spain during and after the Great Recession: Educational selection into fertility as a protective factor in high unemployment contexts. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116439. [PMID: 38000176 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Higher maternal resources have long been associated with superior birth outcomes. This study analyzes the potentially protective role of maternal educational selection into fertility in adverse macroeconomic contexts. We focus on the case of Spain, a country reaching record-high unemployment levels during the Great Recession starting in 2008. First, we examine whether selection into fertility of more educated mothers took place as province-level unemployment rates rose. Secondly, we assess whether maternal education mitigated the impact of higher unemployment levels on different birth outcomes. The analysis combines register data on the universe of live births with aggregate data on province-level unemployment. We cover the period 2007-2019 to ensure sufficient variability of unemployment rates and perform linear regression and linear probability models with fixed effects to hold constant unobserved heterogeneity across provinces. Findings indicate selection into fertility of mothers with university-level education in times of high unemployment. In addition, while unemployment rates did show an adverse impact on certain birth outcomes -birthweight, the occurrence of low and very low birthweight, and the risk of stillbirth - maternal education mitigated the observed relations. It was itself, moreover, consistently and independently associated with better perinatal health. We thus conclude that fertility selectivity by maternal education cushioned the impact of the adverse economic context derived from the Great Recession through two separate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seiz
- UNED, Department of Sociology II (Social Structure), Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, c/Obispo Trejo 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leire Salazar
- UNED, Department of Sociology II (Social Structure), Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, c/Obispo Trejo 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Eremenko
- University of Salamanca, Department of Sociology and Communication, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Edificio FES, P.° Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Graff HJ, Siersma V, Møller A, Waldorff FB, Modin FA, Rytter HM. Labour market attachment dynamics in patients with concussion: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2493. [PMID: 38093210 PMCID: PMC10717667 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion may lead to persisting post-concussive symptoms affecting work ability and employment. This study examined the transitions between labour market states an individual can experience after the acute phase of concussion. The aim was to describe the incidence of favourable and adverse transitions between different labour market states (e.g., employment, sick leave) in relation to socioeconomic and health characteristics in individuals with concussion relative to matched controls. METHODS This Danish nationwide register-based cohort study extracted 18-60-year-old individuals between 2003-2007 with concussion from the Danish National Patient Register (ICD-10 S06.0). Controls were matched on age, sex, and municipality. Patients and controls were followed for 5 years starting three months after injury. Exclusion criteria were neurological injuries and unavailability to the labour market in the inclusion period (2003-2007) and 5-years before injury (1998-2002). Labour market states were defined from transfer income data in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. Incidence rates of transitions between these labour market states were analysed in multistate models. Transitions were bundled in favourable and adverse transitions between labour market states and the difference in incidence rates between individuals with concussion relative to matched controls were assessed with hazard ratios from Cox regression models. RESULTS Persons with concussion (n = 15.580) had a lower incidence of favourable transitions (HR 0.88, CI 0.86-0.90) and a higher incidence of adverse transitions (HR 1.30, CI 1.27-1.35), relative to matched controls (n = 16.377). The effect of concussion differed depending on health and socioeconomic characteristics. Notably, individuals between 30-39 years (HR 0.83, CI 0.79-0.87), individuals with high-income (200.000-300.000 DKK) (HR 0.83, CI 0.80-0.87), and wage earners with management experience (HR 0.60, CI 0.44-0.81) had a markedly lower incidence of favourable transitions compared to controls. Additionally, individuals with high income also had a higher incidence of adverse transitions (HR 1.46, CI 1.34-1.58) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Concussion was associated with enhanced risk of adverse transitions between labour market states and lower occurrence of favourable transitions, indicating work disability, potentially due to persistent post-concussive symptoms. Some age groups, individuals with high income, and employees with management experience may be more affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Jeannet Graff
- Danish Concussion Center, Copenhagen, Amagerfælledvej 56A, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark.
- Psychiatric Center Ballerup, Mental Health Service of the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research (CEDaR), Maglevænget 32, Ballerup, 2750, Denmark.
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Anne Møller
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Frans Boch Waldorff
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Agerbo Modin
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Hana Malá Rytter
- Danish Concussion Center, Copenhagen, Amagerfælledvej 56A, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bispebjerg - Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 7, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
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Adeleke R. Is there a relationship between internet access and COVID-19 mortality? Evidence from Nigeria based on a spatial analysis. Dialogues Health 2023; 2:100102. [PMID: 36685010 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With over 6.5 million deaths due to COVID-19, it has become an issue of global health concern. Early findings have identified several social determinants of deaths from COVID-19. However, very few studies have been done on the relationship between internet access and COVID-19 mortality in the context of developing countries. Using geospatial methods, this study examines the relationship between internet access and COVID-19 mortality disparity in Nigeria. In contrast to the widely reported relationship in the literature that internet access lowers the risk of COVID-19 mortality, the current study finds that geographical locations with the highest internet access are the hotspots of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria, especially some parts of southwest Nigeria. In addition, findings show that population density and unemployment are risk factors of COVID-19 mortality. The study recommends educating the population on the use of online health information and the need to adhere strictly to non-pharmaceutical and vaccination interventions to reduce the number of deaths caused by the virus.
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18
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Bodnaru A, Rusu A, Blonk RW, Vîrgă D, Iliescu D, Van den Broeck A. iJobs - An online implementation of the JOBS II program for fostering reemployment: A feasibility and acceptability study. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100674. [PMID: 37779606 PMCID: PMC10539657 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of iJobs, an online adaptation of the JOBS II program (Curran et al., 1999). iJobs is a two-week internet intervention for the unemployed, consisting of five modules. This study is an open-label trial with an uncontrolled, within-group, pre-posttest, and follow-up design. Out of the 56 participants allocated to the intervention, 36 completed (Mage = 25 years; 57.1 % females) the post-test (36 % dropout), and 34 the three months follow-up. The protocol-compliant participants followed the modules with great engagement (mean quality of assignments completion above 4 points out of 5 for each module). The online platform's usability was high (84.86 points out of 100). Participants reported high overall satisfaction with the program. Our results suggest that iJobs is a feasible intervention and was accepted by its beneficiaries. Relative to baseline, inoculation against setbacks (d = 0.64), job search self-efficacy (d = 0.50), and self-esteem (d = 0.28) increased significantly, while future career anxiety in the COVID-19 context decreased significantly (d = 0.34). No significant differences were found for depression, anxiety, and job-search behaviors. At three months follow-up, 55.9 % of the participants found employment, 5.9 % were in a job selection process, and 38.2 % were still unemployed. Job satisfaction was high among the employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Rusu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Romania
| | - Roland W.B. Blonk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Delia Vîrgă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Romania
| | - Dragoș Iliescu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Department of Work and Organization Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
- Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Paul S, Brucker DL. Reasons for Not Working During the Coronavirus Pandemic Among Working-Age Persons With and Without Disabilities in the US. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:2019-2026. [PMID: 37402418 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide new information about the reasons why persons with and without disabilities were not working during the coronavirus pandemic. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the Household Pulse Survey conducted between April 14, 2021, and May 9, 2022. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS 876,865 people with and without disabilities aged 18-64 years (N=876,865). INTERVENTION N/A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reasons for not working such as "Sick with coronavirus symptoms or caring for someone who was sick with coronavirus symptoms", "Concerned about getting or spreading the coronavirus", "Sick (not coronavirus related) or disabled", "Laid off or furloughed due to coronavirus pandemic", "Employer closed temporarily due to the coronavirus pandemic", "Caring for children not in school or daycare", "Caring for an elderly person", "Retired", "Did not have transportation to work", and "other" reasons. RESULTS The number of people with disabilities and people without disabilities in the sample was 82,703 and 794,162, respectively. People with disabilities were more likely to report that they were laid off or furloughed and less likely to report that they did not want employment than people without disabilities. Working-age adults with disabilities were more likely to report health or disability reasons not related to coronavirus than working-age adults without disabilities as a reason for not working. Caring for children not in school or daycare was 1 of the most cited reasons for both people with and without disabilities. Women, among both the groups, were more likely to not work primarily due to caregiving responsibilities. People with disabilities were more likely to report getting or spreading the coronavirus and less likely to report being retired as a reason for not working than people without disabilities. CONCLUSION Analyzing reasons why people with disabilities were not working during the pandemic is crucial for successful employment policymaking in a post-pandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Paul
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.
| | - Debra L Brucker
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
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20
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Goldfeld SR, Price AM, Al-Yaman F. Having material basics is basic. Med J Aust 2023; 219 Suppl 10:S15-S19. [PMID: 37982338 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Anna Mh Price
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Fadwa Al-Yaman
- First Nations Health and Welfare Group, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT
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21
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Jahn HJ, Mayer D, Hollederer A. Health promotion for the unemployed: the evaluation of the JOBS Program Germany from the trainers' perspective. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:199. [PMID: 37978535 PMCID: PMC10657034 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The JOBS Program Germany is a labor market integrative and health promotion intervention for unemployed people. This study examines JOBS Program Germany trainers' view of (1) the theoretical concept of the JOBS Program, (2) its practical implementation in Germany on-site, (3) its acceptance by participants, and (4) the training effects. The study aimed at identifying potential for adaption allowing adjustments to improve the practical implementation and the training effectiveness. METHODS JOBS Program Germany trainers (two for each training) were interviewed via voluntary survey (computer-assisted web interviews) after each training. RESULTS Fourteen JOBS Program trainings have been conducted and all trainers responded resulting in 28 interviews. 78.5% and 85.7% of the respondents were rather or very satisfied with the theoretical contents and its practical implementation, respectively. Almost all trainers (96.4-100.0%) were satisfied with the on-site coordination, the cooperation with the organizer's employees, the room equipment, the training room size, and the environmental conditions in the training rooms. In 89.3% of all responses the trainers rated the last training a success. However, the trainers also provided valuable suggestions for further improvement in Germany. This concerns the revision of the training manual, the adjustment of the trainer training and the preparation of participants. CONCLUSION Besides the trainers' positive view on the different dimensions of the training content and implementation, their suggestions can help ensure that many unemployed people in Germany could benefit from a continued regular implementation of the JOBS Program Germany in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00022388. Registered on 20 July, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J Jahn
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany
| | - Dennis Mayer
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany
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22
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Kirkeskov L, Bray K. Employment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Rheumatol 2023; 7:41. [PMID: 37964371 PMCID: PMC10644429 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-023-00365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have difficulties maintaining employment due to the impact of the disease on their work ability. This review aims to investigate the employment rates at different stages of disease and to identify predictors of employment among individuals with RA. METHODS The study was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines focusing on studies reporting employment rate in adults with diagnosed RA. The literature review included cross-sectional and cohort studies published in the English language between January 1966 and January 2023 in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Data encompassing employment rates, study demographics (age, gender, educational level), disease-related parameters (disease activity, disease duration, treatment), occupational factors, and comorbidities were extracted. Quality assessment was performed employing Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted to ascertain predictors for employment with odds ratios and confidence intervals, and test for heterogeneity, using chi-square and I2-statistics were calculated. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020189057). RESULTS Ninety-one studies, comprising of a total of 101,831 participants, were included in the analyses. The mean age of participants was 51 years and 75.9% were women. Disease duration varied between less than one year to more than 18 years on average. Employment rates were 78.8% (weighted mean, range 45.4-100) at disease onset; 47.0% (range 18.5-100) at study entry, and 40.0% (range 4-88.2) at follow-up. Employment rates showed limited variations across continents and over time. Predictors for sustained employment included younger age, male gender, higher education, low disease activity, shorter disease duration, absence of medical treatment, and the absence of comorbidities. Notably, only some of the studies in this review met the requirements for high quality studies. Both older and newer studies had methodological deficiencies in the study design, analysis, and results reporting. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this review highlight the prevalence of low employment rates among patients with RA, which increases with prolonged disease duration and higher disease activity. A comprehensive approach combining clinical and social interventions is imperative, particularly in early stages of the disease, to facilitate sustained employment among this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Kirkeskov
- Department of Social Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Social Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Opgang 2.2., 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Katerina Bray
- Department of Social Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
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23
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Athieno J, Seera G, Mayanja Namayengo FM, Galabuzi JN, Namasaba M. Socio-demographic predictors of obesity among women in Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:571. [PMID: 37932691 PMCID: PMC10629151 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a steadily increasing trend in obesity globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa that disproportionately affects women in most places. This is not different in Uganda, where the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey indicated an increase in obesity among women of reproductive age as measured by the body mass index (BMI). However, studies on the predictors of obesity in women are still limited. Particularly, studies using specific indicators of body fat are scant. This study explored the socio-demographic predictors of obesity as indicated by total body fat percentage among women in the age range of 18 to 69 years old living in Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda. METHODS A cross sectional study design using quantitative methods was employed. A total of 384 women between 18 and 69 years old from Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda were randomly recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data including age, level of education, marital status, childbearing status, household expenditure, household size and employment status. Total body fat percentage, the indicator for obesity was measured using the body composition meter from TANITA. The data was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 20. RESULTS 155 women, nearly two fifths (40.4% CI 95% 38.4-42.4) were classified as obese. Age, marital status, childbearing status, and employment status were the factors that were associated with obesity among these women. Employment status was the only variable that remained significantly associated with obesity among the women after adjusting for other factors. Unemployed women were nearly two times more likely to be obese than the employed women (AOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.1). The prevalence of obesity among the unemployed and employed women was 48.2% and 34.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obesity in women was predicted by employment status. An in-depth study on factors that predispose unemployed women to obesity, will be instrumental in guiding interventions to curb the emerging obesity epidemic in Uganda. In the same vein, strategies to reduce levels of unemployment among women living in urban Uganda are essential for protecting public health from the dimension of reducing obesity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Seera
- The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Mariam Namasaba
- Department of Psychology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
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24
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Walia RS, Mankoff R. Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Heart Failure. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 13:107-111. [PMID: 38596541 PMCID: PMC11000844 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has emerged as a substantial health burden in the United States in the last few decades. This study examined the hypothesis that socioeconomic factors such as education level, social position, employment status, and poverty have a strong confounding influence on the risk for heart failure. To access relevant data, 12 published studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. A cross-sectional analysis of the identified studies confirmed that the four socioeconomic factors predisposed individuals to an elevated risk of heart failure-related complications. Despite their interdependencies, educational level, employment status, social position, and poverty independently confounded cardiovascular risk among individuals. Notably, individuals from households with low education were at a higher risk of these diseases. At the same time, households without employed family members were less likely to report cases of heart failure than those with low socioeconomic status. Additionally, individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds faced a greater risk for heart failure complications. The findings from this study found a strong association between socioeconomic status and heart failure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbir S. Walia
- Medical University of the Americas, 41 Petty Rd., Cranbury, NJ,
USA
| | - Robert Mankoff
- Medical University of the Americas, P.O. Box 701, Charlestown, Nevis, West Indies,
USA
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25
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Snowden LR, Cordell K, Bui J. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status and Community Functioning Among Persons with Untreated Mental Illness. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2175-2184. [PMID: 36068480 PMCID: PMC10482760 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using 6 years of data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, the present study investigated ethnic minority-White disparities in self-rated health and community functioning for persons with untreated mental illness. Comparing minority and White persons with untreated severe mental illness (SMI) and mild and moderate mental illness (MMMI), the study sought evidence of "double jeopardy": that minority persons with mental illness suffer an added burden from being members of ethnic minority groups. For African Americans with SMI and MMMI, results indicated that the odds were greater of living in poverty, being unemployed, and being arrested in the past year, and for African Americans with SMI, the odds were greater of reporting fair/poor health. For Native Americans/Alaska Native persons with MMMI, the odds were greater of living in poverty and being arrested in the past year. For Latinx persons with SMI and MMMI, the odds were greater of living in poverty and for Latinx persons with SMI the odds were greater of reporting fair/poor health. Results indicate that African Americans with mental illness suffer pervasive adversity relative to Whites and Native Americans/Alaska Natives and Latinx persons do so selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie R. Snowden
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Katharan Cordell
- Center for Innovation and Population Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Juliet Bui
- Office of Minority Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD USA
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26
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Ma CF, Luo H, Leung SF, Wong GHY, Lam RPK, Bastiampillai T, Chen EYH, Chan SKW. Impact of community mental health services on the adult psychiatric admission through the emergency unit: a 20-year population-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 39:100814. [PMID: 37927999 PMCID: PMC10625018 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a lack of real-life population-based study examining the effect of community mental health services on psychiatric emergency admission. In Hong Kong, Integrated Community Center for Mental Wellness (ICCMW) and telecare service were introduced in 2009 and 2012, respectively. We examined the real-life impact of these services on psychiatric emergency admissions over 20 years. Methods Number of psychiatric emergency admissions between 2001 and 2020 was retrieved from the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis & Reporting System. We used an interrupted time series analysis to examine monthly psychiatric admission trend before and after service implementation, considering socioeconomic and environmental covariates. Findings A total of 108,492 psychiatric emergency admissions (47.8% males; 64.9% aged 18-44 years) were identified from the study period, of which 56,858, 12,506, 12,295, 11,791, and 15,051 were that for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar affective disorders, unipolar mood disorders, neuroses, and substance use disorders. ICCMW introduction has an immediate effect on psychiatric emergency admission (adjusted estimate per 100,000: -10.576; 95% CI, -16.635 to -4.518, p < 0.001), particularly among adults aged 18-44 years (-8.543; 95% CI, -13.209 to -3.877, p < 0.001), females (-5.843; 95% CI, -9.647 to -2.039, p = 0.003), and with neuroses (-3.373; 95% CI, -5.187 to -1.560, p < 0.001), without a significant long-term effect. Unemployment, seasonality, and infectious disease outbreak were significant covariates. Interpretation ICCMW reduced psychiatric emergency admission, but no further reduction following full implementation. Community mental health services should be dynamically tailored for different populations and socioeconomic variations over time. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Fai Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gloria Hoi Yan Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rex Pui Kin Lam
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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27
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Djedaiet A. Does environmental quality react asymmetrically to unemployment and inflation rates? African OPEC countries' perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:102418-102427. [PMID: 37665444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation, inflation, and unemployment are unquestionably among the current global issues. However, there has not been an in-depth investigation of how unemployment and inflation rates affect environmental quality, particularly when considering the asymmetric scenario in oil-producing countries. This gap in the literature motivated this study to investigate how the environment (proxied by CO2 emissions) reacts to asymmetric shocks in inflation and unemployment rates using the panel NARDL model methodology. This study also examines whether the environmental Phillips curve (EPC) hypothesis holds true in the context of African OPEC countries over the period 1990 to 2019. The study presents three interesting findings. First, CO2 emissions are adversely associated with unemployment and inflation rates, meaning that protecting a healthy environment would have to come at the expense of two undesirable outcomes: losing employment and a decline in purchasing power. Second, the asymmetry analysis demonstrates that both negative unemployment and positive inflation shocks have a larger effect on CO2 emissions than the opposite scenario. Finally, long-term evidence exists to support the presence of the EPC in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissa Djedaiet
- Department of Economics, Djilali Bounaama University, Khemis Miliana, Algeria.
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28
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Ngubane MZ, Mndebele S, Kaseeram I. Economic growth, unemployment and poverty: Linear and non-linear evidence from South Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20267. [PMID: 37790971 PMCID: PMC10543180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of South Africa's population lives in the same economy as poverty, even though the country's first democratic elections in 1994 not only lit a candle of hope but also helped to abolish poverty. One of the main hurdles to reducing poverty is economic growth, while unemployment is one of the mutual friends with poverty. Therefore, in this study, unemployment and economic growth were included as explanatory variables, while poverty was used as the dependent variable. To understand how unemployment and economic growth affect poverty, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) models were used through the time series data from 2000Q1 to 2021Q4. Based on linear evidence, the findings of the study supported the idea that economic growth reduces poverty in the long-run, while unemployment inflates poverty in the long-run. The asymmetric evidence confirmed that although negative shocks of economic growth reduce the poverty rate, the positive shocks of the former reduce the poverty rate. On the other hand, poverty rates rise concurrently as a result of both positive and negative shocks of unemployment rates. Thus, it is advised that policymakers increase social investment to help urban and rural residents, particularly women and children, escape poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbongeni Zwelakhe Ngubane
- Department of Economics, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Siyabonga Mndebele
- Department of Economics, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Irshaad Kaseeram
- Department of Economics, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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29
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Oude Geerdink E, Sewdas R, van Kempen H, van Weeghel J, Anema JR, Huysmans MA. Experiences and needs of welfare benefit recipients regarding their welfare-to-work services and case workers. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:990. [PMID: 37710259 PMCID: PMC10502984 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of (ex-)welfare benefit recipients from a large urban municipality in the Netherlands regarding their welfare-to-work services and their case workers. METHODS Quantitative data from a client satisfaction survey that was filled out by 213 people (response rate 11%) who received welfare-to-work services was combined with results from four group interviews with a total of 15 people receiving welfare-to-work services. Verbatim transcripts from the interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS The survey results showed that most clients were reasonably satisfied with the welfare-to-work services they received. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) experiences and needs related to the interactions between case workers and benefit recipients; (2) the need for tailored services; (3) the complicating role of the system the case workers operate within; and (4) the existence of differences between case workers regarding how strict they followed the rules and to what extent they connected with their clients on a personal level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that clients were reasonably satisfied with the welfare-to-work services provided by their municipality but that there is still room for improvement. Case workers should have good social skills to build a trusting relationship with the client, welfare-to-work services should be tailored to the individual, and clear concise information should be given to welfare benefit recipients, especially with regard to what benefit recipients can expect of the municipality and the case workers, given their dual role in supporting (re-)integration to work and monitoring benefit eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Oude Geerdink
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
| | - Ranu Sewdas
- Research and Statistics, Gemeente Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty van Kempen
- Research and Statistics, Gemeente Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
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30
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Dobson KG, Gignac MAM, Mustard CA. The working life expectancy of American adults experiencing depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02547-4. [PMID: 37679526 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the working life expectancies (WLE) of men and women with depression, examining depression by symptom trajectories from the late 20s to early 50s, and to estimate WLE by race/ethnicity and educational attainment. METHODS Data from 9206 participants collected from 1979 to 2018 in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort were used. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Short Form at four time points (age 28-35, age 30-37, age 40, and age 50). Labor force status was measured monthly starting at age 30 until age 58-62. Depressive symptom trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling and multistate modeling estimated WLE from age 30-60 for each gender and depressive symptom trajectory. RESULTS Five latent symptom trajectories were established: a persistent low symptom trajectory (n = 6838), an episodic trajectory with high symptoms occurring before age 40 (n = 995), an episodic trajectory with high symptoms occurring around age 40 (n = 526), a trajectory with high symptoms occurring around age 50 (n = 570), and a persistent high symptom trajectory (n = 277). The WLE for men at age 30 was 30.3 years for the persistent low symptom trajectory, 22.8 years for the episodic before 40 trajectory, 19.6 years for the episodic around age 40 trajectory, 18.6 years for the episodic around age 50 trajectory, and 13.2 years for the persistent high symptom trajectory. Results were similar for women. WLE disparities between depression trajectories grew when stratified by race/ethnicity and education level. CONCLUSIONS Roughly a quarter of individuals experienced episodic depressive symptoms. However, despite periods of low depressive symptoms, individuals were expected to be employed ~5-17 years less at age 30 compared to those with low symptoms. Accessible employment and mental health disability support policies and programs across the working life course may be effective in maintaining work attachment and improving WLE among those who experience depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Carlsson E, Hemmingsson T, Landberg J, Burström B, Thern E. Do early life factors explain the educational differences in early labour market exit? A register-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1680. [PMID: 37653490 PMCID: PMC10472566 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in labour market participation are well established. However, we do not fully know what causes these inequalities. The present study aims to examine to what extent factors in childhood and late adolescence can explain educational differences in early labour market exit among older workers. METHODS All men born in 1951-1953 who underwent conscription examination for the Swedish military in 1969-1973 (n = 145 551) were followed from 50 to 64 years of age regarding early labour market exit (disability pension, long-term sickness absence, long-term unemployment and early old-age retirement with and without income). Early life factors, such as cognitive ability, stress resilience, and parental socioeconomic position, were included. Cox proportional-hazards regressions were used to estimate the association between the level of education and each early labour market exit pathway, including adjustment for early life factors. RESULTS The lowest educated men had a higher risk of exit through disability pension (HR: 2.72), long-term sickness absence (HR: 2.29), long-term unemployment (HR: 1.45), and early old-age retirement with (HR: 1.29) and without income (HR: 1.55) compared to the highest educated men. Factors from early life explained a large part of the educational differences in disability pension, long-term sickness absence and long-term unemployment but not for early old-age retirement. Important explanatory factors were cognitive ability and stress resilience, whilst cardiorespiratory fitness had negligible impact. CONCLUSIONS The association between education and early exit due to disability pension, long-term sickness absence and long-term unemployment was to a large part explained by factors from early life. However, this was not seen for early old-age retirement. These results indicate the importance of taking a life-course perspective when examining labour market participation in later working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carlsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Landberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Thern
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Macchia L, Daly M, Delaney L. The effect of adverse employment circumstances on physical pain: Evidence from Australian panel data. Prev Med 2023; 173:107574. [PMID: 37331489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Physical pain is a common health problem with great public health implications. Yet evidence on whether adverse employment circumstances shape physical pain is limited. Using longitudinal data from 20 waves (2001-2020) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia Survey (HILDA; N = 23,748), a lagged design, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions as well as multilevel mixed effect linear regressions, we investigated the association between past accumulated unemployment and recent employment circumstances with physical pain. We found that adults who spent more years unemployed and looking for work subsequently reported greater physical pain (b = 0.034, 95% CI = 0.023, 0.044) and pain interference (b = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.022, 0.038) than those who spent fewer years unemployed. We also found that those experiencing overemployment (working full-time while wanting to work fewer hours) and underemployment (working part-time while wanting to work more hours) reported greater subsequent physical pain (overemployment: b = 0.024, 95% CI = 0.009, 0.039; underemployment: b = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.014, 0.057) and pain interference (overemployment: b = 0.017, 95% CI = 0.005, 0.028; underemployment: b = 0.026, 95% CI = 0.009, 0.043) than those content with their working hours. These results held after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, occupation, and other health-related factors. These findings are consistent with recent work that suggested that psychological distress can influence physical pain. Understanding how adverse employment circumstances impact physical pain is crucial to the design of health promotion policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Macchia
- School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Liam Delaney
- Department of Psychological & Behavioural Science, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK
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Barbuscia A, Pailhé A, Solaz A. Do Income and Employment Uncertainty Affect Couple Stability? Evidence for France During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur J Popul 2023; 39:19. [PMID: 37395827 PMCID: PMC10317946 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Economic uncertainty and family dynamics are strictly connected. The increasing uncertainty generated by the Covid-19 pandemic is thus likely to affect couple relationships and stability, with potential opposite effects. Using data from the nationally representative EPICOV survey, that followed individuals throughout the first year of pandemic in France, we examined separation rates and how these were associated with different measures of employment and income uncertainty, including both pre-pandemic conditions and changes occurred during and after the first lockdown in Spring 2020 in France. Our results show increased rates of separation, especially among younger people, during the 6 months after the first lockdown, and a return to rates more similar to those observed in usual times, afterwards. Individuals who were unemployed and had lower income before the beginning of the pandemic were more likely to separate soon after the lockdown, while changes in employment conditions due to the lockdown were not linked with a higher separation risk. The job protection and the income compensation provided by the French state, as well a less stigmatising effect of unemployment occurred during the covid crisis, may explain the absence of effect. Self-declared deterioration in financial condition, especially when declared by men, was associated with higher separation risk for the whole year of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Pailhé
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Aubervilliers, France
| | - Anne Solaz
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Aubervilliers, France
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Ziedan A, Lima L, Brakewood C. A multiple mediation analysis to untangle the impacts of COVID-19 on nationwide bus ridership in the United States. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 2023; 173:103718. [PMID: 37234751 PMCID: PMC10192601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major consequences for many aspects of human life and the broader economy. Many transportation modes were severely impacted, including public transportation. During the early months of the pandemic in 2020, transit ridership dropped to unprecedented levels. Even by the end of 2022, bus ridership in the United States had not recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Despite the longstanding effects on public transportation, the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on bus ridership are largely unknown. In the context of this study, the direct impact refers to a change in travel behavior (i.e., due to the increased spread of COVID-19), while the indirect impact refers to reduced ridership due to factors such as lower employment or increased teleworking. This study proposes a framework to explore the drivers of transit ridership declines during COVID-19. The method is a multiple mediation analysis to estimate the monthly direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on bus ridership from March 2020 to December 2021. The results of this study revealed that three mediators (employment, telework, and people relocating) mediated about 13% to 38% of the total decline in bus ridership during the analysis period. The multiple mediation approach used in this study could be applied in many other transportation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr Ziedan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 851 Neyland Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Luiz Lima
- Department of Economics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 527C Stokely Management Center, Knoxville TN 37996, United States
| | - Candace Brakewood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 851 Neyland Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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Dobewall H, Sirniö O, Vaalavuo M. Does social disadvantage persist over generations due to an uneven distribution of mental health diagnoses? A longitudinal investigation of Finnish register data. Soc Sci Med 2023; 330:116037. [PMID: 37406468 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Social disadvantages persist over generations, while the mechanisms behind the intergenerational transmission are not well understood. To fill this gap, first, we examine to what degree being diagnosed with a mental health disorder in adolescence mediate the transmission of social disadvantage. Second, we investigate whether the role of mental health varies for different outcomes. Third, we examine differences between disorder groups and gender. We exploited register data on the full Finnish population including information on mental health diagnoses (MHD) based on ICD-10 classification recorded in public specialized health care. As socioeconomic outcomes, we used offspring's (N = 511,835) records for low educational attainment, unemployment, and social assistance dependency in early adulthood. In addition to linear probability models, the g-computation method was used to simulate the degree to which reducing mental health inequalities in adolescence could narrow the differences between children of different family backgrounds. Our results show that adolescents with MHD had a higher likelihood of experiencing social disadvantage as young adults even after accounting for parental socioeconomic status and alternative health pathways. The counterfactual analysis indicated that the proportion mediated by unevenly distributed MHD was with 7.5% highest for social assistance followed by 4.2% for education and 3.2% for unemployment. The effect of mental health was modified by gender yet direction and strength varied across methods and externalizing behaviors mattered more for the intergenerational persistence than internalizing behaviors. Hypothetically reducing MHD to the level of families with high socioeconomic status might indeed lower part of the intergenerational transmission of social assistance dependency but to lesser degree of unemployment and low educational attainment. We demonstrate the need of support and services for those with MHD, especially among socially disadvantaged groups. However, social disadvantage should not be overly medicalized as family background has an important independent effect on offspring's socioeconimic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dobewall
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166 00271 Helsinki - Finland.
| | - Outi Sirniö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166 00271 Helsinki - Finland.
| | - Maria Vaalavuo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166 00271 Helsinki - Finland.
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Øien-Ødegaard C, Hauge LJ, Stene-Larsen K, Christiansen STG, Bjertness E, Reneflot A. Widening the knowledge of non-employment as a risk factor for suicide: a Norwegian register-based population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1181. [PMID: 37337178 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a known association between employment status and suicide risk. However, both reason for non-employment and the duration affects the relationship. These factors are investigated to a lesser extent. About one third of the Norwegian working age population are not currently employed. Due to the share size of this population even a small increase in suicide risk is of importance, and hence increased knowledge about this group is needed. METHODS We used discrete time event history analysis to examine the relationship between suicide risk and non-employment due to either unemployment or health-problems, and the duration of these non-employment periods. We analyze data from the Norwegian population registry from 2004 to 2014, which includes all Norwegian residents in the ages 19-58 born between 1952 and 1989. In total the data consists of 1 063 052 men and 1 024 238 women, and 2 039 suicides. RESULTS The suicide risk among the non-employed men and women is significantly higher than that of the employed. For the unemployed men, the suicide risk is significantly higher than the employed within the first 18 months. For the unemployed women we only find a significant association with suicide risk among those unemployed for six to twelve months. The suicide risk is especially increased among those with temporary health-related benefits. In the second year of health-related non-employment men have eightfold and women over twelvefold the OR for suicide, compared to the employed. CONCLUSION There is an association between non-employment and suicide risk. Compared to the employed both unemployed men and men and women with health-related non-employment have elevated suicide risk, and the duration of non-employment may be the driving force. Considering the large share of the working age population that are not employed, non-employment status should be considered in suicide risk assessment by health care professionals and welfare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Øien-Ødegaard
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Stene-Larsen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Bjertness
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health (Department of Health and Society), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Reneflot
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Ren H, Zheng Y. COVID-19 vaccination and household savings: An economic recovery channel. Financ Res Lett 2023; 54:103711. [PMID: 36852174 PMCID: PMC9946727 DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic increased people's propensity for precautionary savings in response to economic recession (e.g., Mody et al., 2012; Gropp and McShane, 2021; Levine et al., 2021). However, as the relevant vaccine roll-out continues, it mitigates people's concerns and boosts the macroeconomy, which leads to significant declines in household precautionary saving motives. Consistent with this expectation, using U.S. county-level vaccination, deposit, economic, and demographic data, we show that there is a significant negative relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and household savings. We attribute this negative relationship to an economic recovery channel because our findings also suggest that the vaccination has a strong negative impact on the unemployment rate and results in increases in consumer spending. Overall, our study adds to an emerging strand of literature on how COVID-19 vaccination affects households' financial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Business, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA
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Matsumoto R, Motomura E, Okada M. Fluctuation of suicide mortality and temporal causality from unemployment duration to suicide mortality in Japan during 2009-2022. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103574. [PMID: 37003084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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Blomqvist S, Högnäs RS, Virtanen M, LaMontagne AD, Magnusson Hanson LL. Job loss and job instability during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of depression and anxiety among Swedish employees. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101424. [PMID: 37159634 PMCID: PMC10158169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to permanent and temporary job losses but the mental health consequences of different types of employment transitions are not well-understood. In particular, knowledge is scarce concerning furloughs, which was a common job protection strategy in many high- and upper middle-income countries during this crisis. This study focuses on how different types of job instability and job loss during the pandemic influences depression and anxiety in the context of Sweden. A subset of participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health were contacted in February 2021 and again in February 2022. A total of 1558 individuals participated in either or both waves and worked before the pandemic. We examined whether i) workplace downsizing, ii) furlough, or iii) unemployment/job loss were associated with depression and anxiety over this one-year period during the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were estimated, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems. Effect modification by sex and prior mental health problems was also examined. In comparison to stable employment, being furloughed was unrelated to mental health, while experiencing workplace downsizing during the pandemic was associated with an increased risk of anxiety (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-4.05). Job loss/unemployment increased the risk of depression (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.02-3.57) compared to being stably employed, but the risk estimate crossed unity when considering prior mental health status. No effect modification by sex or by prior mental health problems was found. This study found that while job loss and downsizing during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with depression and anxiety, respectively, being furloughed was not. These findings thus suggest that job retention schemes in the form of short-time work allowances, as implemented in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic, may prevent mental health problems among employees during economic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blomqvist
- Stress Research Institute at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin S. Högnäs
- Stress Research Institute at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anthony D. LaMontagne
- Institute for Health Transformation, and School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Fisker FY, Udholm N, Fuglsang M, Lundbye-Christensen S, Marshall NS, Bille J, Nyboe C, Udholm S. Risk of permanent social security benefits and overview of work participation among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2023; 108:16-21. [PMID: 37307696 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this nationwide study, we used Danish population registries to estimate the excess risk of receiving permanent social security benefits for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to track their labour force participation. METHODS We identified all Danish citizens receiving a diagnosis of OSA between 1995 and 2015. As a reference cohort, we randomly selected 10 citizens for each patient, matched by sex and birth year. Using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression, we estimated the cumulative incidences of receiving permanent social security benefits. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risk of receiving permanent social security benefits in patients with OSA compared to the reference cohort. The Danish Rational Economic Agents' Model (DREAM) database was used to identify the labour market status prior to diagnosis, at time of diagnosis, and after diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 48,168 patients with OSA. A total of 12,413 (25.8%) patients with OSA had received permanent social security benefits, compared with 75,812 (15.7%) individuals in the reference cohort. Patients with OSA had a significantly increased risk of receiving permanent social security benefits when compared with the reference cohort (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.88-2.02; and subhazard ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.85-1.98). Work participation was lower for OSA patients compared to references at all time-points. CONCLUSION Patients with OSA have a moderately increased risk of receiving permanent social security benefits in Denmark after controlling for available confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Yang Fisker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Udholm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Milos Fuglsang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nathaniel S Marshall
- The Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), Woolcock Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesper Bille
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Nyboe
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Anaesthesia Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Udholm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Kumar A, Suar D, Sahoo BK. Why has Food Insecurity Occurred During the COVID-19, and is There a Way Out? Natl Acad Sci Lett 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37363282 PMCID: PMC10218766 DOI: 10.1007/s40009-023-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the food security status during the COVID-19. Food insecurity occurred due to disruptions in food production, food supply chain, implementation of the National Food Security Act (NFSA), and employment and income. Lockdown and shutdown had adversely affected the sowing of crops and harvesting in India. Food processing and supply chain were affected during the pandemic; the distribution of free ration till November 2020, apart from entitlement under NFSA, did not solve the problem of food insecurity. Retrenchment of workers from firms, migration to their villages, and saturation of rural farm wages have decreased people's income and changed their food security status. This article adds perspectives on challenges posed by food insecurity during the pandemic and provides policy recommendations to mitigate those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Damodar Suar
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bimal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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Jeong S, Fox AM. Enhanced unemployment benefits, mental health, and substance use among low-income households during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2023; 328:115973. [PMID: 37257269 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To buffer the economic impacts of the pandemic-induced economic downturns, the U.S. government passed major economic stimulus bills that provided cash payments to affected citizens and a large boost to unemployment benefits. We ask what impact these enhanced safety-net policies have had on mental health and stress-induced substance use among low-income Americans, especially enhanced unemployment insurance (UI) benefits, which constituted a large economic transfer to those eligible. METHODS Using individual fixed effects analysis of a panel of nearly 900 low-income Americans since the start of the pandemic from the Understanding America Survey, we examine how receipt of enhanced unemployment benefits has impacted the mental health burden and substance use behaviors of low-income Americans. We additionally examine the buffering effect of a set of other safety-net measures (Stimulus, Medicaid, SNAP, TANF, housing assistance, EITC, WIC, and CHIP). RESULTS We found that job loss, regardless of benefit receipt, was associated with increased stress and decreased average substance use, driven by reduced smoking when compared with those were employed. Yet, when factoring in UI receipt we see that receiving UI was associated with reduced stress, but no impact on depression or substance use. In contrast, those who did not receive UI experienced greater stress compared with those who were employed. Overall, we found that people who remained employed used substances more than people who were unemployed regardless of UI receipt with the exception of drinking. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that enhanced unemployment offset some of the negative mental health effects of the pandemic and did not increase routine substance use among the unemployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Jeong
- Department of Public Administration and Policy, Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Ashley M Fox
- Department of Public Administration and Policy, Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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Arena AF, Mobbs S, Sanatkar S, Williams D, Collins D, Harris M, Harvey SB, Deady M. Mental health and unemployment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to improve depression and anxiety outcomes. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:450-472. [PMID: 37201898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment is associated with substantially greater depression and anxiety, constituting a considerable public health concern. The current review provides the most comprehensive synthesis to date, and first meta-analysis, of controlled intervention trials aimed at improving depression and anxiety outcomes during unemployment. METHODS Searches were conducted within PsycInfo, Cochrane Central, PubMed and Embase from their inception to September 2022. Included studies conducted controlled trials of interventions focused on improving mental health within unemployed samples, and reported on validated measures of depression, anxiety, or distress (mixed depression and anxiety). Narrative syntheses and random effects meta-analyses were conducted among prevention- and treatment-level interventions for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 39 articles reporting on 33 studies were included for review (sample sizes ranging from 21 to 1801). Both prevention and treatment interventions tended to be effective overall, with treatment interventions producing larger effect sizes than prevention interventions. The clearest evidence for particular intervention approaches emerged for prevention-level Cognitive Therapy/CBT, followed by prevention-level work-related interventions, although neither produced entirely consistent effects. LIMITATIONS Risk of bias was generally high across studies. Low numbers of studies within subgroups precluded any comparisons between long-term and short-term unemployment, limited comparisons among treatment studies, and reduced the power of meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Both prevention- and treatment-level mental health-focused interventions have merit for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among those experiencing unemployment. Cognitive Therapy/CBT and work-related interventions hold the most robust evidence base, which can inform both prevention and treatment strategies implemented by clinicians, employment services providers, and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Arena
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samineh Sanatkar
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Williams
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Collins
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marnie Harris
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Pérez-Corral AL, Bastos A, Casaca SF. Employment Insecurity and Material Deprivation in Families with Children in the Post-Great Recession Period: An Analysis for Spain and Portugal. J Fam Econ Issues 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37360659 PMCID: PMC10183226 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-023-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between household employment insecurity and the risk of children's exposure to household material deprivation in Spain and Portugal. Specifically, using EU-SILC microdata for 2012, 2016 and 2020, it examines how this relationship evolved during the Post-Great Recession period. Although in both countries there was an improvement in the employment situation of individuals and families after the Great Recession, the main findings reflect an increase in the risk of children's exposure to material deprivation in households where no adults have a secure job. However, there are some differences between the two countries. In the case of Spain, the results seem to indicate that the incidence of household employment insecurity on material deprivation was higher in 2016 and 2020 than in 2012. In Portugal, the increase in the effect of employment insecurity on deprivation seems to have occurred only in 2020, the year the Covid-19 pandemic began.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amélia Bastos
- ISEG-School of Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- REM - Research in Economics and Mathematics, CEMAPRE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Falcão Casaca
- SOCIUS/CSG - Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Nishizaki D, Fujita Y, Sakamoto T, Ueda A, Kawakami H, Yamada M, Okoshi K, Hida K, Obama K. What can surgeons do to prevent job leave soon after cancer diagnosis? A brief report on colorectal cancer survivors in Japan. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:331. [PMID: 37162588 PMCID: PMC10170029 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in Japan and the number of cancer survivors has increased. Work-related issues of cancer survivors have been investigated in relation to occupational health, and sufficient evidence in clinical practice is needed to support this. This study aimed to obtain the relevant information, intending to support the employment of patients with colorectal cancer for clinical settings. METHODS We conducted a prospective, multicenter cohort study, which included patients who underwent surgery with clinical stage I-III colorectal cancer. An electronic survey was used at the time of hospital admission to collect the patients' occupational information, including job resignation soon after cancer diagnosis. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to evaluate the patients' employment situations. RESULTS Of 129 eligible patients, 46 (36%) were female. Thirty-nine (30%) were self-employed and 72 (56%) worked at small-sized workplaces, which are not obliged to have occupational physicians. Most patients (89%) expressed their desire to return to work, but eight patients (6%) left their jobs soon after being diagnosed with colorectal cancer before undergoing surgery for several reasons stemming from worries about future treatment and its consequences. Multivariable analyses indicated that nonregular employees and the self-employed might be at a disadvantage in keeping their job at diagnosis. CONCLUSION Surgeons should address work-related issues for survivorship, which begins at cancer diagnosis and, when available, collaborate with occupational physicians while being mindful that patients working at smaller companies do not have immediate access to occupational physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishizaki
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama-Shi, Shiga, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Kae Okoshi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Japan Baptist Hospital, 47 Kitashirakawa-Yamanomoto-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8273, Japan
| | - Koya Hida
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Peng S, Zhang W, Yang T, Cottrell RR, Rockett IRH. Contextual influences on deliberate self-harm among Chinese university undergraduates: A representative nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:371-376. [PMID: 37169084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have identified factors associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH), but environmental influences have largely been neglected. This study explored regional and university contextual factors that impact DSH among undergraduate students in China. METHODS Subjects in this observational cross-sectional study totaled 5016 undergraduate students, who were identified through multistage survey sampling in 22 Chinese universities. Individual-level data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, and environmental variables were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine regional correlates of DSH. RESULTS The overall prevalence of self-reported DSH in the study sample was 7.5 % (95 % CI: 4.1 %, 10.9 %). The full multilevel logistic model showed university rank and city size were inversely associated with DSH prevalence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.24 and 0.55). Regional unemployment rates were positively associated with DSH prevalence (AOR: 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.48, 2.65). DISCUSSION Contextual disparities appear to contribute to DSH among Chinese undergraduates. Preventive initiatives must focus on redressing imbalances in the allocation of social and economic resources across universities and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Peng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- The Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA.
| | - Randall R Cottrell
- Public Health Studies Program, School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
| | - Ian R H Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health/Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA.
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Li T, Barwick PJ, Deng Y, Huang X, Li S. The COVID-19 pandemic and unemployment: Evidence from mobile phone data from China. J Urban Econ 2023; 135:103543. [PMID: 36910460 PMCID: PMC9988403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on mobile phone records for 71 million users and location tracking information for one million users over almost three years, this study examines the labor market impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in China's Guangdong province, whose GDP is larger than that of all but the top 12 countries in the world. Using a standard difference-in-differences framework, our analysis shows dramatic and protracted effects of the pandemic on the labor market: it increased unemployment by 72% and unemployment benefits claims by 57% even after the full reopening in 2020 relative to their levels in the same period in 2019. The impact was also highly heterogeneous, with women, workers older than 40, and migrants being more affected. Cities that rely more on export or that have a higher share of the hospitality industry in GDP but a lower share of the finance and healthcare industries experienced a more pronounced increase in unemployment. The lingering impact likely reflects the global transmission of the pandemic's effects through the supply chain and trade channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- International School of Business and Finance and Institute of Advanced Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | | | | | - Xinfei Huang
- International School of Business and Finance and Institute of Advanced Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shanjun Li
- Cornell University, United States
- NBER, United States
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Niken K, Haile MA, Berecha A. On the nexus of inflation, unemployment, and economic growth in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15271. [PMID: 37077679 PMCID: PMC10106506 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate into nexus of inflation, unemployment, and economic growth for the least-developed, transition-undertaking, economy of Ethiopia using the yearly frequency of several macroeconomic series from 1980 to 2020. Before we control for the potential impulse of other series, we run three independent regressions each on VAR and ECM models in only three of the key macro-fundamentals taken here: inflation, unemployment, and economic growth, to apprehend their intrinsic relationships. Indeed, our VAR estimates are consistent with those of ECM, guaranteeing dynamically unique links for the three major series. We proceeded to run three augmented-ARDL regressions, where one cointegrating equation was suggested each for inflation and growth models, and none for the unemployment model. Our long-run results reveal the trivial effect of either inflation or unemployment rates on the economic growth of Ethiopia; signifying, perhaps, exclusiveness in the country's growth scenery. But, their transitory roles are anticipated. In turn, the long-term relationship between inflation and economic growth is not non-trivial, with inflation associated inversely with unemployment. Apart from some recent moves on renovating Ethiopia's agriculture, it would be of substantial influence to promptly sustain income growth and calm-down price spikes by reassuring, at best, labor-intensive venture and incentivizing productivity in the rest sector.
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Lewańczyk AM, Langham-Walsh E, Edwards L, Branney P, Walters ER, Mitchell P, Vaportzis E. Back Onside protocol: A physical activity intervention to improve health outcomes in people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. Eval Program Plann 2023; 97:102204. [PMID: 36529025 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the effects of physical activity on people's mental and physical health, a better understanding is needed of how physical activity interventions may impact the health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. This has added urgency in the context of rising rates of poverty-related unemployment in the UK in 2022. The current paper details the protocol used in the evaluation of the Back Onside Programme; a community-based programme delivered by the Bradford Bulls Foundation in the Bradford District. The Programme supports people from low socio-economic backgrounds who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment to maintain regular physical activity through a ten-week physical activity intervention. This pilot study evaluates how a physical activity intervention may impact the mental and physical health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment in an uncontrolled pragmatic pilot study. Four cohorts run back-to-back between May 2021 and May 2022, with separate groups for men (N = 100) and women (N = 60). Physical and wellbeing assessment at baseline and post-intervention is conducted. If the intervention works in this context for these individuals, it will be a promising low-cost community-based intervention for people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Edwards
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Peter Branney
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Walters
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Eleftheria Vaportzis
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and work functioning, unemployment, absenteeism, and worry about job loss. METHODS DED and unemployment, absenteeism, and 'worry about job loss' were assessed in 71,067 subjects (18-65 years, 60% female) from the Dutch population-based Lifelines cohort using the Women's Health study questionnaire and single-item questions, respectively. Work functioning was assessed in 32,475 participants using the Work role functioning questionnaire 2.0. The relationships between DED and work measures were assessed with logistic regression models, corrected for age, sex, BMI, income, educational level, smoking, and 48 comorbidities. RESULTS 8.3% of participants had DED and had more impaired work functioning compared to those without DED (49.2% vs 41.1%, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.32, corrected for demographics, smoking and 48 comorbidities). DED carried a similar risk of impaired work functioning as rheumatoid arthritis. For participants with highly symptomatic dry eye impaired work functioning was even higher (59.1%) and similar to that of depression. The impaired work functioning seen with increasing symptoms were greater in undiagnosed subjects versus diagnosed subjects (P = 0.03). After correction for comorbidities, DED remained tied to absenteeism and increased worry about job loss, but not unemployment. CONCLUSION DED was linked to impaired work functioning and absence, but not unemployment. DEDs impact on work functioning is comparable to that of other severe chronic disorders, and undiagnosed subjects may be more affected. This highlights the importance of recognizing DED as a severe disorder and of screening for dry eye in the workplace to aid with diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kaurstad Morthen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Schjerven Magno
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
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