1
|
Sajjad H, Sajjad A, Haya RT, Khan MM, Zia M. Copper oxide nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo toxicity, mechanisms of action and factors influencing their toxicology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 271:109682. [PMID: 37328134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have received increasing interest due to their distinctive properties, including small particle size, high surface area, and reactivity. Due to these properties, their applications have been expanded rapidly in various areas such as biomedical properties, industrial catalysts, gas sensors, electronic materials, and environmental remediation. However, because of these widespread uses, there is now an increased risk of human exposure, which could lead to short- and long-term toxicity. This review addresses the underlying toxicity mechanisms of CuO NPs in cells which include reactive oxygen species generation, leaching of Cu ion, coordination effects, non-homeostasis effect, autophagy, and inflammation. In addition, different key factors responsible for toxicity, characterization, surface modification, dissolution, NPs dose, exposure pathways and environment are discussed to understand the toxicological impact of CuO NPs. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CuO NPs cause oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation in bacterial, algal, fish, rodents, and human cell lines. Therefore, to make CuO NPs a more suitable candidate for various applications, it is essential to address their potential toxic effects, and hence, more studies should be done on the long-term and chronic impacts of CuO NPs at different concentrations to assure the safe usage of CuO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tul Haya
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira AFD, Machado RB, Ferreira AM, Sena IDS, Silveira ME, Almeida AMSD, Braga FS, Rodrigues ABL, Bezerra RM, Ferreira IM, Florentino AC. Copper-Contaminated Substrate Biosorption by Penicillium sp. Isolated from Kefir Grains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1439. [PMID: 37374942 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this bioremediation study, the fungus Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains was evaluated for its resistance to copper in the culture medium. Penicillium sp. was cultivated in liquid medium prepared using 2% malt-agar at pH 7.0. Biomass of the fungus was significantly reduced, but only when 800 mg·L-1 of Cu(NO3)2 copper nitrate was used. The effect on radial growth of the fungus in experiments combining different pH values and the inorganic contaminant showed an inhibition of 73% at pH 4.0, 75% at pH 7.0 and 77% at pH 9.0 in liquid medium. Thus, even though the growth of Penicillium sp. could be inhibited with relatively high doses of copper nitrate, images obtained with scanning electron microscopy showed the preservation of fungal cell integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains can survive while performing bioremediation to minimize the negative effects of copper on the environment through biosorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Raquellyne Baia Machado
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maciel Ferreira
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Iracirema da Silva Sena
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Silveira
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Santos de Almeida
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Francinaldo S Braga
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Roberto Messias Bezerra
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Cezar Florentino
- Ichthyo and Genotoxicity Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He B, Wang L, Li S, Cao F, Wu L, Chen S, Pang S, Zhang Y. Brain copper clearance by the blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier: Effects of lead exposure. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136365. [PMID: 34843877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal commonly found in the environment and is known to have neurotoxic, hematological, and other toxic effects. It has been reported that Pb exposure can disturb metal regulation in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier (BCB). Copper (Cu) plays a key role in maintaining normal brain function and can accumulate in the brain after Pb exposure. However, the mechanism by which Pb affects Cu levels in the brain is still unknown. This study investigated Cu clearance by the BCB in the central nervous system (CNS) of Sprague-Dawley rats after Pb exposure by focusing on the Cu transporter protein CTR1/ATP7A. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to examine how heavy metal levels change in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after Pb exposure. Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion measurements suggested that the ability of the BCB to deliver Cu from the CSF to the blood decreased after Pb exposure. The presence of excess Cu in the choroid plexus led to CTR1/ATP7A shifting toward the apical microvilli facing the CSF after Pb exposure. We further evaluated microstructure of the choroid plexus by transmission electron microscopy, revealing altered mitochondrial morphology with decreased microvilli after Pb exposure. Conclusively, exposure to Pb alters the cellular structure of the BCB and its Cu clearance function, which can cause further brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; The Center for Animal Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, 063000, China
| | - Shuang Li
- The Center for Animal Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Fuyuan Cao
- The Center for Animal Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Ji Tang College, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Song Chen
- The Center for Animal Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shulan Pang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; The Center for Animal Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh S, Chatterji A, Chakraborty K. Neuron-glia: understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2020; 12:1897-1911. [PMID: 33295934 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the mechanism of copper homeostasis in various organ systems has gained importance. This is owing to the involvement of copper in a wide range of genetic disorders, most of them involving neurological symptoms. This highlights the importance of copper and its tight regulation in a complex organ system like the brain. It demands understanding the mechanism of copper acquisition and delivery to various cell types overcoming the limitation imposed by the blood brain barrier. The present review aims to investigate the existing work to understand the mechanism and complexity of cellular copper homeostasis in the two major cell types of the CNS - the neurons and the astrocytes. It investigates the mechanism of copper uptake, incorporation and export by these cell types. Furthermore, it brings forth the common as well as the exclusive aspects of neuronal and glial copper homeostasis including the studies from copper-based sensors. Glia act as a mediator of copper supply between the endothelium and the neurons. They possess all the qualifications of acting as a 'copper-sponge' for supply to the neurons. The neurons, on the other hand, require copper for various essential functions like incorporation as a cofactor for enzymes, synaptogenesis, axonal extension, inhibition of postsynaptic excitotoxicity, etc. Lastly, we also aim to understand the neuronal and glial pathology in various copper homeostasis disorders. The etiology of glial pathology and its contribution towards neuronal pathology and vice versa underlies the complexity of the neuropathology associated with the copper metabolism disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dusek P, Litwin T, Członkowska A. Neurologic impairment in Wilson disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S64. [PMID: 31179301 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.02.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic symptoms in Wilson disease (WD) appear at an older age compared to hepatic symptoms and manifest in patients with misdiagnosed liver disease, in patients when the hepatic stage is clinically silent, in the case of non-compliance with anti-copper treatment, or with treatment failure. Neurologic symptoms in WD are caused by nervous tissue damage that is primarily a consequence of extrahepatic copper toxicity. Copper levels in brain tissues as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are diffusely increased by a factor of 10 and its toxicity involves various mechanisms such as mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, crosslinking of DNA, and inhibition of enzymes. Excess copper is initially taken-up and buffered by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes but ultimately causes dysfunction of blood-brain-barrier and demyelination. Most severe neuropathologic abnormalities, including tissue rarefaction, reactive astrogliosis, myelin palor, and presence of iron-laden macrophages, are typically present in the putamen while other basal ganglia, thalami, and brainstem are usually less affected. The most common neurologic symptoms of WD are movement disorders including tremor, dystonia, parkinsonism, ataxia and chorea which are associated with dysphagia, dysarthria and drooling. Patients usually manifest with various combinations of these symptoms while purely monosymptomatic presentation is rare. Neurologic symptoms are largely reversible with anti-copper treatment, but a significant number of patients are left with residual impairment. The approach for symptomatic treatment in WD is based on guidelines for management of common movement disorders. The vast majority of WD patients with neurologic symptoms have abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pathologic MRI changes include T2 hyperintensities in the basal ganglia, thalami and white matter, T2 hypointensities in the basal ganglia, and atrophy. Most importantly, brain damage and neurologic symptoms can be prevented with an early initiation of anti-copper treatment. Introducing population WD screening, e.g., by exome sequencing genetic methods, would allow early treatment and decrease the neurologic burden of WD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Członkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|