1
|
Rasheed F, Saeed MB, Fatima S, Sajjad A, Khan MA, Kayani WK. Synergistic impact of heat and salicylic acid pretreatment on gluten films: Characterization and functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131402. [PMID: 38582462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates how wheat gluten (WG) films in the presence of salicylic acid are influenced by thermal pretreatment. Unlike previous methods conducted at low moisture content, our procedure involves pretreating WG at different temperatures (65 °C, 75 °C, and 85 °C), in a solution with salicylic acid. This pretreatment aims to enhance protein unfolding, thus providing more opportunities for protein-protein interactions during the subsequent solvent casting into films. A significant increase in β-sheet structures was observed in FTIR spectra of samples pretreated at 75 °C and 85 °C, showing a prominent peak in the range of 1630-1640 cm-1. The pretreatment at 85 °C was found to be effective in improving the water resistivity of the films by up to 247 %. Moreover, it led to a significant enhancement of 151 % in tensile strength and a 45 % increase in the elastic modulus. The reduced solubility observed in films derived from pretreated WG suggests the development of an intricate protein network arising from protein-protein interactions during the pretreatment and film formation. Thermal pretreatment at 85 °C significantly enhances the structural and mechanical properties of WG films, including improved water resistivity, tensile strength, and intricate protein network formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Rasheed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sara Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Khan
- Renewable Energy Advancement Laboratory (REAL), Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Khan Kayani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibne Shoukani H, Nisa S, Bibi Y, Zia M, Sajjad A, Ishfaq A, Ali H. Ciprofloxacin loaded PEG coated ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial and wound healing effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4689. [PMID: 38409460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health problem that demands alternative antibacterial strategies. Modified nano-composites can be an effective strategy as compared to traditional medicine. The current study was designed to develop a biocompatible nano-drug delivery system with increased efficacy of current therapeutics for biomedical applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized by chemical and green methods by mediating with Moringa olifera root extract. The ZnO-NPs were further modified by drug conjugation and coating with PEG (CIP-PEG-ZnO-NPs) to enhance their therapeutic potential. PEGylated ZnO-ciprofloxacin nano-conjugates were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. During antibacterial screenings chemically and green synthesized CIP-PEG-ZnO-NPs revealed significant activity against clinically isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The sustainable and prolonged release of antibiotics was noted from the CIP-PEG conjugated ZnO-NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were found compatible with RBCs and Baby hamster kidney cell lines (BHK21) during hemolytic and MTT assays respectively. Based on initial findings a broad-spectrum nano-material was developed and tested for biomedical applications that eradicated Staphylococcus aureus from the infectious site and showed wound-healing effects during in vivo applications. ZnO-based nano-drug carrier can offer targeted drug delivery, and improved drug stability and efficacy resulting in better drug penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-E-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-E-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Ishfaq
- Department of Medicine, FRPMC/PAF Hospital Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sajjad A, Ali H, Zia M. Fabrication and evaluation of vitamin doped Zno/AgNPs nanocomposite based wheat gluten films: a promising findings for burn wound treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16072. [PMID: 37752271 PMCID: PMC10522583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn wound treatment remains a significant issue in wound care management especially when multidrug resistant bacterial infection and accumulation are present. Delayed wound healing is mostly due to ineffectiveness of commercially available wound dressings that protects the wound but less efficient in healing perspective. Therefore, nano-based wound dressing might be efficient solution for wound healing management. The present study reports the fabrication and evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) or silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with vitamin A or E nanocomposite that were incorporated in wheat gluten (WG) films. The chemical structure, phase purity, and morphological features confirmed the successful coating of NPs by vitamins A and E and their interaction with WG during film casting. The maximum swelling response was observed by NPs vitamin composite WG films than control films while slow release of vitamins and NPs from films was observed up to 24 h. WG films either carrying ZnO or Ag NPs, and vitamin A or E demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The NPs-vitamin composite loaded WG films showed wound contraction within 14 days during in vivo burn wound healing experiments on mice model. The rates of wound healing, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition with fibroblast regeneration, adipocytes, and hair follicle development were observed through visual and histopathological examination. The study reveals that vitamin A or E doped ZnO or Ag NPs fabricated in WG can be efficiently used against burn wounds due to their physiochemical and biological properties. Furthermore the biocompatible nature and biodegradable potential make the films more prone to mankind maneuver for initial protection and healing remedy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Veterinary Farms Management Sub-Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sajjad H, Sajjad A, Haya RT, Khan MM, Zia M. Copper oxide nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo toxicity, mechanisms of action and factors influencing their toxicology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 271:109682. [PMID: 37328134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have received increasing interest due to their distinctive properties, including small particle size, high surface area, and reactivity. Due to these properties, their applications have been expanded rapidly in various areas such as biomedical properties, industrial catalysts, gas sensors, electronic materials, and environmental remediation. However, because of these widespread uses, there is now an increased risk of human exposure, which could lead to short- and long-term toxicity. This review addresses the underlying toxicity mechanisms of CuO NPs in cells which include reactive oxygen species generation, leaching of Cu ion, coordination effects, non-homeostasis effect, autophagy, and inflammation. In addition, different key factors responsible for toxicity, characterization, surface modification, dissolution, NPs dose, exposure pathways and environment are discussed to understand the toxicological impact of CuO NPs. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CuO NPs cause oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation in bacterial, algal, fish, rodents, and human cell lines. Therefore, to make CuO NPs a more suitable candidate for various applications, it is essential to address their potential toxic effects, and hence, more studies should be done on the long-term and chronic impacts of CuO NPs at different concentrations to assure the safe usage of CuO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tul Haya
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hanif S, Javed R, Khan A, Sajjad A, Zia M. IAA-decorated CuO nanocarriers significantly improve Chickpea growth by increasing antioxidative activities. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:104. [PMID: 36875960 PMCID: PMC9975142 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth regulators tagged on metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) may function as nanofertilizers with reduced toxicity of NPs. CuO NPs were synthesized to function as nanocarriers of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed 30.4 nm size of NPs and sheet-like structure, respectively, of CuO-IAA NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed CuO-IAA formation. IAA-decorated CuO NPs enhanced the physiological parameters of Chickpea plants, i.e., root length, shoot length, and biomass compared to naked CuO NPs. The variation in physiological response was due to change of phytochemical contents in plants. Phenolic content increased up to 17.98 and 18.13 µgGAE/mg DW at 20 and 40 mg/L of CuO-IAA NPs, respectively. However, significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes' activity was recorded compared to control. Presence of CuO-IAA NPs increased the reducing potential of plants at higher concentration of NPs, while decrease in total antioxidant response was observed. This study concludes that IAA conjugation to CuO NPs reduces toxicity of NPs. Furthermore, NPs can be explored as nanocarriers for plant modulators and slow release in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NF A2H 5G4 Canada
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sajjad A, Rasheed F, Xiao X, Olsson RT, Capezza AJ, Zia M. Integration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Wheat Gluten Hydrolysates-Development of Multifunctional Films with Pliable Properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
7
|
Butt M, Perveen S, Rasool F, Ayub A, Ali K, Sajjad A, Nasir MF, Kanwal S, Muzammil E, Chaudhary I, Magsi AS. Genetic variation between hybrid (Labeo rohita ♂, Cirrhinus mrigala ♀ and Labeo rohita) by RAPD marker. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e268551. [PMID: 37018768 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.268551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was to study the genetic variability between the major carps Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala and their hybrids of L. rohita (male♂) and C. mrigala (female♀). Genetic variability was studied by employing RAPD molecular markers. 25 samples of each target species having different sizes with the same age group for the determination of interspecific variation were collected. The morphometric parameters such as body weight, total length, tail length, and lengths of dorsal and anal fins of each individual were recorded and results showed that wet body weight, total length, dorsal fin, anal fin, and tail fin length are positively correlated and then the DNA was extracted using the inorganic salt-based method and conformed by Gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four arbitrary decamer primers were used to get species-specific RAPD analysis Distinct and highly reproducible RAPD profiles with significant genetic variability was detected among species. Only five primers showed amplification. The RAPAD primer OPB-05 produced a total of seven bands out of these 5 monomorphic and 2 polymorphic, so in this case, the percentage polymorphism was 28.57%. The Hybrid show more than a 50% difference from the Labeo rohita. This shows that the Hybrid more resembles C.mrigala. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that hybrid (L. rohita ♂ X Cirrhinus mrigala ♀) is the closest to C. mrigala and the farthest from L. rohita. Overall data are presented concerning the applications of RAPD markers for hybrid identification, genetic diversity assessment, and studying taxonomic relationships at a molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Butt
- Chung-Ang University, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Perveen
- Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo University, School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo, China
| | - F Rasool
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ayub
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Depalpur, Okara, Pakistan
| | - K Ali
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Vehari Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Sajjad
- Quaid-I-Azam University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M F Nasir
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Kanwal
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - E Muzammil
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Poultry Production, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - I Chaudhary
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A S Magsi
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Dairy Technology, Sakrand, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Butt A, Ali JS, Sajjad A, Naz S, Zia M. Biogenic synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using petals of Cassia glauca and evaluation of antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, and nanozyme activities. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
9
|
Sajjad A, Bhatti SH, Zia M. Photo excitation of silver ions during the synthesis of silver nanoparticles modify physiological, chemical, and biological properties. Particulate Science and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2022.2126340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sajjad H, Imtiaz S, Noor T, Siddiqui YH, Sajjad A, Zia M. Cancer models in preclinical research: A chronicle review of advancement in effective cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:87-103. [PMID: 34179717 PMCID: PMC8212826 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major stress for public well-being and is the most dreadful disease. The models used in the discovery of cancer treatment are continuously changing and extending toward advanced preclinical studies. Cancer models are either naturally existing or artificially prepared experimental systems that show similar features with human tumors though the heterogeneous nature of the tumor is very familiar. The choice of the most fitting model to best reflect the given tumor system is one of the real difficulties for cancer examination. Therefore, vast studies have been conducted on the cancer models for developing a better understanding of cancer invasion, progression, and early detection. These models give an insight into cancer etiology, molecular basis, host tumor interaction, the role of microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity in tumor metastasis. These models are also used to predict novel cancer markers, targeted therapies, and are extremely helpful in drug development. In this review, the potential of cancer models to be used as a platform for drug screening and therapeutic discoveries are highlighted. Although none of the cancer models is regarded as ideal because each is associated with essential caveats that restraint its application yet by bridging the gap between preliminary cancer research and translational medicine. However, they promise a brighter future for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Saiqa Imtiaz
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | | | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sajjad A, Bhatti SH, Ali Z, Jaffari GH, Khan NA, Rizvi ZF, Zia M. Photoinduced Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Transformation of Morphological and Biological Response on Light Irradiance. ACS Omega 2021; 6:11783-11793. [PMID: 34056332 PMCID: PMC8153977 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was carried out to unveil the effects of change in wavelength of photons. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the coprecipitation technique exposed to different light regimes [dark environment, daylight, and blue-, green-, yellow-, and red-colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs)] at room temperature. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) revealed the wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. A small change in the size of ZnO NPs (17.11-22.56 nm) was observed with the variation in wavelength of lights from 350 to 700 nm. Spherical to hexagonal disks and rodlike surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental composition and surface chemistry of NPs were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray diffractive (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Maximum free radical quenching activity, cation radical scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity were found in ZnO NPs synthesized under green light (28.78 ± 0.18, 30.05 ± 0.21%, and 36.55 ± 2.63 μg AAE/mg, respectively). Daylight-synthesized NPs (DL-ZNPs) showed the greatest total reducing potential (15.81 ± 0.33 μg AAE/mg) and metal-chelating activity (37.77 ± 0.31%). Photoinduced ZnO NPs showed significant enzyme inhibitory effects on amylase, lipase, and urease by red-light NPs (87.49 ± 0.19%), green-light NPs (91.44 ± 0.29%), and blue-light NPs (92.17 ± 0.34%), respectively. Photoinduced ZnO NPs have been employed as nanozymes and found to exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity as well. Blue-light-synthesized ZnO NPs displayed the strongest antibacterial activity (23 mm) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study can be considered as a novel step toward the synthetic approach using LEDs to synthesize ZnO NPs with specific physicochemical properties and extends a great prospect in the environmental chemistry, food safety, and biomedical fields as nanozyme, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-α-amylase, antiurease, and antilipase agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anila Sajjad
- Department
Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zeeshan Ali
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Nawazish Ali Khan
- Department
Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department
Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjectively assessed health is related to mortality. Various subjective indicators of health have been studied, but it is unclear whether perceived physical functioning or mental health best accounts for the relation with mortality. METHOD We studied the relation of subjective measures of health with all-cause mortality in 5538 participants of age 55 to 96 years at baseline from the Rotterdam Study. Various instruments of subjectively assessed health were used, that included basic activities of daily living (BADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), quality of life (QoL), positive affect, somatic symptoms and negative affect. All participants completed questionnaires for each subjective measure of health and were followed for mortality for a mean of 12.2 (s.e. = 0.09) years. Cox regression analysis was conducted in the total sample. RESULTS In this cohort, 2021 persons died during 48 534 person-years of follow-up. All measures of subjective health were related to mortality after adjusting for age, gender, education, cognition, prevalent chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk [BADL hazard ratio (HR, calculated per Z-score) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.41; IADL HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.22-1.32; QoL HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.89; positive affect HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96; somatic symptoms HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16; and negative affect HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10]. In the mutually adjusted model, only BADL (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.16-1.32) and IADL (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17) remained independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Measures of subjectively assessed health are important indicators of mortality. Our study shows that of the different measures of subjective health, perceived physical health predicts mortality over and above mental health. Conversely, the association between mental health and mortality may partly be explained by poor perceived physical health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sajjad
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - R L Freak-Poli
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - S J Roza
- Department of Psychiatry,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus University Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali M, Saeed S, Sajjad A. Pollen Deposition Is More Important than Species Richness for Seed Set in Luffa Gourd. Neotrop Entomol 2016; 45:499-506. [PMID: 27155975 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global biodiversity decline, it is imperative to understand the different aspects of bee communities for sustaining the vital ecosystem service of pollination. Bee species can be assigned to functional groups (average difference among species in functionally related traits) on the basis of complementarity (trait variations exhibited by individual organisms) in their behavior but is not yet known which functional group trait is most important for seed set. In this study, first, the functional groups of bees were made based on their five selected traits (pollen deposition, visitation rate, stay time, visiting time of the day, body size) and then related to the seed set of obligate cross-pollinated Luffa gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca). We found that bee diversity and abundance differed significantly among the studied plots, but only the bee species richness was positively related to the seed set. Functional group diversity in terms of pollen deposition explained even more of the variance in seed set (r 2 = 0.74) than did the species richness (r 2 = 0.53) making it the most important trait of bee species for predicting the crop reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- Dept of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Univ of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Saeed
- Dept of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Univ of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - A Sajjad
- Dept of Entomology, Univ College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia Univ of Bhawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali M, Saeed S, Sajjad A, Akbar A. Linking pollination effectiveness and interspecific displacement success in bees. Neotrop Entomol 2015; 44:101-108. [PMID: 26013126 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollen deposition, a surrogate for bee efficiency, becomes increasingly important during their interspecific interactions. We conducted field experiments on highly cross-pollinated melon (Cucumis melo) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in order to understand how bee species with different pollination efficiencies displace each other from floral resources. We observed significant displacement of less abundant but more efficient bees by the more abundant but less efficient bees in both crops, which may lead to deficient pollination. We did not find significant relationship of the bee displacement success and body size or abundance. Apis florea (Fabricius) and Nomia sp.2 (Latreille) had significantly more winner events in melon, while the former also had significantly more winner events in watermelon. A. florea was the only bee species that foraged mostly within the 1-m(2) virtual area after their displacement, which may indicate its behavior of geitinogamous pollination. The two bee species, Ceratina sexmaculata (Smith) and Lasioglossum sp. (Curtis), were more sensitive to displacement as their proportion of leaving the 1-m(2) virtual area was higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hsieh G, Linesch S, Sajjad A, Anderson M, Ludwig M. Treatment compliance among medically underserved women receiving chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Ayoub RK, Murtaza G, Imran M, Khan SA, Mir S, Khan AK, Azhar S, Mehmood Z, Sajjad A, Shah SNH. Formulation and Permeation Kinetic Studies of Flurbiprofen Gel. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
17
|
Srikanth G, Wasim MD, Sajjad A, Shetty N. Single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy with innovative gastric traction suture. J Minim Access Surg 2011; 7:68-70. [PMID: 21197246 PMCID: PMC3002011 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.72386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic splenectomy is now the gold standard for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) undergoing splenectomy. There are a few reports in literature on single-incision laparoscopic (SIL) splenectomy. Herein, we describe a patient undergoing SIL splenectomy for ITP without the use of a disposable port device. We report a 20-year-old female patient with steroid-refractory ITP having a platelet count of 14,000/cmm who underwent a SIL splenectomy. Dissection was facilitated by the use of a single articulating grasper and a gastric traction suture and splenic vessels were secured at the hilum with an endo-GIA stapler. She made an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged on the second postoperative day. She is doing well with no visible scar at 8-month follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Srikanth
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Manipal Institute of Liver and Digestive Diseases, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sajjad A, Mottershead M, Syn WK, Jones R, Smith S, Nwokolo CU. Ciprofloxacin suppresses bacterial overgrowth, increases fasting insulin but does not correct low acylated ghrelin concentration in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22:291-9. [PMID: 16097995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and oxidative stress induced by products of small intestinal bacterial activity are putative factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Acylated ghrelin is the biologically active form of an orexigenic gastric hormone that modifies insulin sensitivity and body composition. AIM To investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin on small intestinal bacterial activity, ethanol, ghrelin and insulin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. METHODS Twelve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients and 11 controls were studied before and after ciprofloxacin 500 mg b.d. for 5 days. After an overnight fast, 75 g glucose was ingested and blood was sampled every 20 min for 120 min. Acylated and total ghrelin, ethanol and insulin were measured. Small intestinal bacterial activity was detected by glucose hydrogen breath test. RESULTS Mean (range) integrated plasma acylated ghrelin which was 102 (21-241) and 202 (88-366) pg/mL . 2 h in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and controls respectively (P = 0.015). This difference persisted after correction for body mass index and was unaffected by ciprofloxacin treatment. One of six non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients positive for small intestinal bacterial activity remained positive after ciprofloxacin. In contrast, the one healthy control positive for small intestinal bacterial activity remained positive after ciprofloxacin (P = 0.025). Ethanol was detected in two subjects in each group, becoming immeasurable after ciprofloxacin. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients median (range) fasting insulin increased from 113 (10-223) to 152 (32-396) pmol/L (P < 0.02), after ciprofloxacin. This was accompanied by similar changes in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Small intestinal bacterial activity is common in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Low acylated ghrelin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cannot be attributed to small intestinal bacterial activity. Changes in fasting insulin and ethanol following ciprofloxacin suggest that these parameters may be influenced by small intestinal bacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sajjad
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghosh S, Jerger D, Henry MP, Sajjad A. Rapid-rate thermophilic, single-stage and two-phase methane fermentation of synfuel-industry wastewaters. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:35-42. [PMID: 11379110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic (55 degrees C) anaerobic digestion of wastewaters from wet carbonization of Minnesota peat was conducted in a simple, upflow digester at an HRT of one day to provide a methane yield of 0.20 SCM/kg VS added and a BOD5 reduction of 85%. Carbonization of Maine peat conducted for a much longer duration of thermal treatment produced recalcitrant and potentially toxic end products that reduced the biodegradability of wastewaters. Methane fermentation of the Maine-peat wet-carbonization waste was inhibited at an HRT of one day in the single-stage digester. However, two-phase digestion with separate acid-phase fermentation to promote hydrolytic degradation of toxic end products followed by separate methane fermentation at an HRT of 2 days exhibited a methane yield of 0.21 SCM/kg VS added and a BOD5 reduction of 76%. Volatile fatty acids profiles along the depths digesting cultures indicated that single-stage and two-phase digestion could be accomplished at one-half the reactor residence times (one day for single-stage and three days for two-phase) used in this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghosh S, Henry MP, Sajjad A, Mensinger MC, Arora JL. Pilot-scale gasification of municipal solid wastes by high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD). Water Sci Technol 2000; 41:101-110. [PMID: 11381980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion of municipal solid waste-sludge blend by conventional high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion was studied. RDF (refused-derived fuel)-quality feed produced in a Madison, Wisconsin, USA, MRF (materials-recovery facility) was used. High-rate digestion experiments were conducted with bench-scale digesters under target operating conditions developed from an economic feasibility study. The effects of digestion temperature, RDF content of digester feed, HRT, loading rate, RDF particle size, and RDF pretreatment with cellulase or dilute solutions of NaOH or lime on digester performance were studied. A pilot-scale two-phase digestion plant was operated with 80:20 (weight ratio) RDF-sludge blends to show that this process exhibited a higher methane yield, and produced a higher methane-content digester gas than those obtained by single-stage, high-rate anaerobic digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- University of Utah, Civil & Environmental Engineering Dept., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sajjad A, Carey PA, Arnold IR, Smith SR. Infected right atrial thrombus presenting as pulmonary embolism complicating central venous cannulation. BMJ 1995; 311:1288. [PMID: 7496241 PMCID: PMC2551168 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7015.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sajjad
- Horton General Hospital, NHS Trust, Banbury, Oxon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cork DJ, Garunas R, Sajjad A. Chlorobium limicola
forma
thiosulfatophilum
: Biocatalyst in the Production of Sulfur and Organic Carbon from a Gas Stream Containing H
2
S and CO
2. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:913-8. [PMID: 16346255 PMCID: PMC242392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.3.913-918.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorobium limicola
forma
thiosulfatophilum
(ATCC 17092) was grown in a 1-liter continuously stirred tank reactor (800-ml liquid volume) at pH 6.8, 30°C, saturated light intensity, and a gas flow rate of 23.6 ml/min from a gas cylinder blend consisting of 3.9 mol% H
2
S, 9.2 mol% CO
2
, 86.4 mol% N
2
, and 0.5 mol% H
2
. This is the first demonstration of photoautotrophic growth of a
Chlorobium
sp. on a continuous inorganic gas feed. A significant potential exists for applying this photoautotrophic process to desulfurization and CO
2
fixation of gases containing acidic components (H
2
S and CO
2
).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Cork
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | | | | |
Collapse
|