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Colpo A, Molinari A, Boldrini P, Živčak M, Brestič M, Demaria S, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Ferroni L. Thylakoid membrane appression in the giant chloroplast of Selaginella martensii Spring: A lycophyte challenges grana paradigms in shade-adapted species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111833. [PMID: 37595894 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, the thylakoid architecture is dominated by the highly structured multiple membrane layers known as grana. The structural diversity of the thylakoid system among plant species is mainly determined by the adaptation to the growth light regime, according to a paradigm stating that shade-tolerant species are featured by a high membrane extension with an enhanced number of thylakoid layers per granum. In this study, the thylakoid system was analysed in Selaginella martensii Spring, a shade-adapted rainforest species belonging to lycophytes, a diminutive plant lineage, sister clade of all other vascular plants (euphyllophytes, including ferns and seed plants). The species is characterized by giant cup-shaped chloroplasts in the upper epidermis and, quantitatively less important, disk-shaped chloroplasts in the mesophyll and lower epidermis. The study aimed at the quantitative assessment of the thylakoid appression exploiting a combination of complementary methods, including electron microscopy, selective thylakoid solubilisation, electron paramagnetic resonance, and simultaneous analysis of fast chlorophyll a fluorescence and P700 redox state. With a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 2.6 and PSI/PSII ratio of 0.31, the plant confirmed two typical hallmarks of shade-adaptation. The morphometric analysis of electron micrographs revealed a 33% fraction of non-appressed thylakoid domains. However, contrasting with the structural paradigm of thylakoid shade-adaptation in angiosperms, S. martensii privileges the increase in the granum diameter in place of the increase in the number of layers building the granum. The very wide grana diameter, 727 nm on average, largely overcame the threshold of 500 nm currently hypothesized to allow an effective diffusion of long-range electron carriers. The fraction of non-appressed membranes based on the selective solubilisation of thylakoids with digitonin was 26%, lower than the morphometric determination, indicating the presence of non-appressed domains inaccessible to the detergent, most probably because of the high three-dimensional complexity of the thylakoid system in S. martensii. Particularly, strong irregularity of grana stacks is determined by assembling thylakoid layers of variable width that tend to slide apart from each other as the number of stacked layers increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Boldrini
- Center of Electron Microscopy, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marek Živčak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 949 76, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 949 76, Slovak Republic
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Song G, Wang Q, Zhuang J, Jin J. Timely estimation of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under varying light regimes by coupling light drivers to leaf traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14048. [PMID: 37882289 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling informative chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits under varying light conditions is important in ecological studies but has less been investigated. In this study, the trait-ChlF relationship and regressive estimation of ChlF parameters from leaf traits under varying light conditions were investigated using a dataset of synchronous measurements of ChlF parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits in Mangifera indica L. The results showed that the relationships between ChlF parameters and leaf traits varied across light intensities, as indicated by different slopes and intercepts, highlighting the limitations of using leaf traits alone to capture the dynamics of ChlF parameters. Light drivers, on the other hand, showed a better predictive ability for light-dependent ChlF parameters compared to leaf traits, with light intensity having a large effect on light-dependent ChlF parameters. Furthermore, the responses of ФF and NPQ to light drivers differed between leaf types, with light intensity having an effect on ФF in shaded leaves, whereas it had a primary effect on NPQ in sunlit leaves. These results facilitate and deepen our understanding of how the light environment affects leaf structure and function and, therefore, provide the theoretical basis for understanding plant ecological strategies in response to the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangman Song
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Quan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jia Jin
- Institute of Geography and Oceanography, Nanning Normal University, P. R. China
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Akinyemi OO, Čepl J, Keski-Saari S, Tomášková I, Stejskal J, Kontunen-Soppela S, Keinänen M. Derivative-based time-adjusted analysis of diurnal and within-tree variation in the OJIP fluorescence transient of silver birch. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 157:133-146. [PMID: 37382782 PMCID: PMC10485093 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The JIP test, based on fast chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics and derived parameters, is a dependable tool for studying photosynthetic efficiency under varying environmental conditions. We extracted additional information from the whole OJIP and the normalized variable fluorescence (Vt) transient curve using first and second-order derivatives to visualize and localize points of landmark events. To account for light-induced variations in the fluorescence transient, we present a time-adjusted JIP test approach in which the derivatives of the transient curve are used to determine the exact timing of the J and I steps instead of fixed time points. We compared the traditional JIP test method with the time-adjusted method in analyzing fast ChlF measurements of silver birch (Betula pendula) in field conditions studying diurnal and within-crown variation. The time-adjusted JIP test method showed potential for studying ChlF dynamics, as it takes into account potential time shifts in the occurrence of J and I steps. The exact occurrence times of J and I steps and other landmark events coincided with the times of significant differences in fluorescence intensity. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were linearly related to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at different times of day, and the values obtained by the time-adjusted JIP test showed a stronger linear regression than the traditional JIP test. For fluorescence parameters having significant differences among different times of day and crown layers, the time-adjusted JIP test resulted in more clear differences than the traditional JIP test. Diurnal ChlF intensity data indicated that differences between the southern and northern provenance were only evident under low light conditions. Taken together, our results emphasize the potential relevance of considering the time domain in the analysis of the fast ChlF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Olaitan Akinyemi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Čepl
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jan Stejskal
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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Joly FX, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Hättenschwiler S. Resolving the intricate role of climate in litter decomposition. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:214-223. [PMID: 36624177 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With approximately 60 Pg of carbon (C) released as CO2 annually, the decomposition of dead organic matter feeds the major terrestrial global CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Macroclimate control over this critical C flux facilitates the parametrization of the C cycle in Earth system models and the understanding of climate change effects on the global C balance. Yet, the long-standing paradigm of climate control was recently challenged by the so far underestimated environmental heterogeneity at local scales, questioning the conceptual framework of thousands of decomposition studies and accuracy of current predictive models. Using three complementary decomposition experiments at a European scale, we showed that macroclimate and litter characteristics largely control plant litter decomposition, reaffirming the role of macroclimate as an integrative decomposition driver through direct environmental control and by influencing co-evolving local plant and decomposer communities. Neglecting this latter indirect effect, commonly used standard litter types overrated micro-environmental control and failed to predict local decomposition of plot-specific litter. Our data help clarify a key question on the regulation of the global C cycle by identifying the relative role of control factors over decomposition and the scales at which they matter and by highlighting sources of confusion in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Joly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
- Center for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Center for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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5
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Swoczyna T, Kalaji HM, Bussotti F, Mojski J, Pollastrini M. Environmental stress - what can we learn from chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis in woody plants? A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048582. [PMID: 36589121 PMCID: PMC9795016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChF) signal analysis has become a widely used and rapid, non-invasive technique to study the photosynthetic process under stress conditions. It monitors plant responses to various environmental factors affecting plants under experimental and field conditions. Thus, it enables extensive research in ecology and benefits forestry, agriculture, horticulture, and arboriculture. Woody plants, especially trees, as organisms with a considerable life span, have a different life strategy than herbaceous plants and show more complex responses to stress. The range of changes in photosynthetic efficiency of trees depends on their age, ontogeny, species-specific characteristics, and acclimation ability. This review compiles the results of the most commonly used ChF techniques at the foliar scale. We describe the results of experimental studies to identify stress factors that affect photosynthetic efficiency and analyse the experience of assessing tree vigour in natural and human-modified environments. We discuss both the circumstances under which ChF can be successfully used to assess woody plant health and the ChF parameters that can be useful in field research. Finally, we summarise the advantages and limitations of the ChF method in research on trees, shrubs, and woody vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Swoczyna
- Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacek Mojski
- Twój Swiat Jacek Mojski, Łukow, Poland
- Fundacja Zielona Infrastruktura, Łukow, Poland
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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Downregulation of PSI regulates photosynthesis in early successional tree species. Evidence from a field survey across European forests. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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7
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Performance of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in Lemna minor under heavy metal stress induced by various concentration of copper. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10620. [PMID: 35739228 PMCID: PMC9226353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to understand the efficacy of chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and to identify the specific photosynthetic parameters for early and rapid detection of Cu-induced HM-stress in plants. Aquatic angiosperm Lemna minor was exposed to various concentrations (0-40 µM) of Cu. We observed that the FV/FO (Efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII), quantum yield for electron transport, and quantum yield of primary photochemistry were decreased however, dissipated quantum yield was increased with Cu concentration. ABS/CSM, TRO/CSM, ETO/CSM and maximum quantum yield were displayed the dose-response relationship under Cu stress. Performance indexes were increased initially due to the beneficial effects of Cu at lower concentration while decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) at highest concentration of Cu. The outcomes of the present research revealed that the ChlF analysis is very sensitive tool that can be used to determine the toxicity of heavy metals in plants.
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8
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Holland V, Reininger N, Bantis F, Brüggemann W, Radoglou K, Fotelli M. Diurnal photosynthetic performance of two oak species from two provenances in a Mediterranean and a central European common garden. PHOTOSYNTHETICA 2022; 60:326-336. [PMID: 39650105 PMCID: PMC11558599 DOI: 10.32615/ps.2022.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
Oaks may contribute to the stabilization of European forests under climate change. We utilized two common gardens established in contrasting growth regimes, in Greece (Olympiada) and Germany (Schwanheim), to compare the diurnal photosynthetic performance of a Greek and an Italian provenance of two Mediterranean oaks (Quercus pubescens and Q. frainetto) during the 2019 growing season. Although the higher radiation in the southern common garden led to a strong midday depression of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, performance index on absorption basis), comparable light-saturated net photosynthetic rates were achieved in both study areas. Moreover, both species and provenances exhibited analogous responses. Q. pubescens had enhanced chlorophyll a fluorescence traits but similar photosynthetic rates compared to Q. frainetto, whereas the provenances did not differ. These findings indicate the high photosynthetic efficiency of both oaks under the current climate in Central Europe and their suitability for assisted migration schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Holland
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N. Reininger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F. Bantis
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - W. Brüggemann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K. Radoglou
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Pantazidou 193, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - M.N. Fotelli
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Vassilika, GR-57006 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang C, Niu D, Zhang L, Li X, Fu H. Plant functional traits shape growth rate for xerophytic shrubs. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:205-214. [PMID: 34693599 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs exist for xerophytic shrubs between functional traits, involving in water loss and assimilate accumulation, can contribute to its survival and growth rate regulation in arid environments. However, growth analysis based on plant functional traits has been focused on the study of herbs and woody species. It is still unclear how the functional traits of xerophytic shrubs regulate their growth rate. In this study, we selectedeight xerophytic shrubs as samples to analyze the regulation process of the functional traits of shrubs on growth rate. Plants were cultivated for three years, and three harvests (every one year) were carried out. Factors explaining between-species differences in relative growth rate (RGR) varied, depending on whether different ages were considered. The results showed that RGR was positively correlated with net assimilation rate, but there was a significant negative correlation with leaf area ration (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf biomass ratio in the age 1. However, in the age 2, RGR showed a significant positive correlation with the morphological traits (i.e., leaf area ration and specific leaf area), but not with physiological traits (i.e., net assimilation rate) and leaf biomass allocation. Our results suggested that the fluctuation of environmental factors affects the regulation path of the plant functional traits on RGR of xerophytic shrubs. However, the analysis of causality model showed that no matter in which age, net assimilation rate and leaf area ration principally drive the variation in RGR among xerophytic shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - D Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - H Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
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Zhang Y, He N, Yu G. Opposing shifts in distributions of chlorophyll concentration and composition in grassland under warming. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15736. [PMID: 34344961 PMCID: PMC8333091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has significantly altered the distribution and productivity of vegetation owing to shifts in plant functional traits. However, chlorophyll adaptations-good representative of plant production-in grasslands have not been investigated on a large scale, hindering ecological predictions of climate change. Three grassland transects with a natural temperature gradient were designed in the Tibetan, Mongolian, and Loess Plateau to describe the changes in chlorophyll under different warming scenarios for 475 species. In the three plateaus, variations and distributions of species chlorophyll concentration and composition were compared. The results showed that the means of chlorophyll concentration and composition (chlorophyll a/b) increased with the mean annual temperature. Still, their distributions shifted in opposite manners: chlorophyll concentration was distributed in a broader but more differential manner, while chlorophyll composition was distributed in a narrower but more uniform manner. Compared to chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll composition was more conservative, with a slight shift in distribution. At the regional level, the chlorophyll concentration and composition depend on the limitations of the local climate or resources. The results implied that warming might drive shifts in grassland chlorophyll distribution mainly by alternations in species composition. Large-scale chlorophyll investigations will be useful for developing prediction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Pollastrini M, Salvatori E, Fusaro L, Manes F, Marzuoli R, Gerosa G, Brüggemann W, Strasser RJ, Bussotti F. Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1561-1571. [PMID: 32597979 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.) of Italian and Greek provenance, during the years 2017 and 2018, in a common garden in central Italy planted in 2017. This trial aimed to test the relative performances of the oak species in the perspective of assisted migration as part of the actions for the adaptation of forests to climate change. The assessment of the photosynthetic performance of the tree species included the analysis of the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence (PF) transient and the modulated reflection (MR) at 820 nm, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance), plant growth (i.e., height) and mortality rate after 2 years from the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of the performance of the three oak species was carried out 'in vivo'. Plants were generated from seeds and exposed to several environmental factors, including changing seasonal temperature, water availability, and soil biological and physical functionality. The results of PF indicate a stable functionality of the photosynthetic system PSII (expressed as FV/FM) across species and provenances and a decline in photochemistry functionality at the I-P phase (ΔVIP) in Q. frainetto, thus indicating a decline of the content of PSI in this species. This result was confirmed by the findings of MR analysis, with the speed of reduction and subsequent oxidation of PSI (VRED and VOX) strongly correlated to the amplitude of ΔVIP. The photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis, PN) and growth were correlated with the parameters associated with PSI content and function, rather than those related to PSII. The low performance of Q. frainetto in the common garden seems to be related to early foliar senescence with the depletion of nitrogen, due to suboptimal climatic and edaphic conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence allowed discrimination of populations of oak species and individuation of the less (or/and best) suitable species for future forest ecology and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salvatori
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, R.C. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzuoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Via Musei 41, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Via Musei 41, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Brüggemann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center Frankfurt am Main, Biologicum (Flügel D, 1. OG, Raum 1.420) Campu Riedberg, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reto Jorg Strasser
- Bioenergetics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Geneva, Jussy-Geneva CH-1254, Switzerland
- North West University South Africa, Potchefstroom, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
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Kaltrina R, Kristi B, Dea Z, Lulezim S, René H, Jakob S, Reinhard B. Alpine ecology, plant biodiversity and photosynthetic performance of marker plants in a nitrogen gradient induced by Alnus bushes. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 32312274 PMCID: PMC7171859 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpine alder vegetation acts upon the nearby grass and dwarf shrub vegetation by the nitrogen supply from the symbiotic bacteria Frankia alni of Alnus viridis. This has been studied in two transects concerning plant distribution, plant diversity, nitrate concentration in soil and photosynthetic performance of specific marker plants. RESULTS Away from the alder stand, a band of some meters was dominated by Calamagrostis varia which then was followed by alpine dwarf shrub vegetation. Nitrate in the soil showed a concentration decrease away from the alder stand leading to values near the detection limit in the dwarf shrub zone. Within these three zones, plant species were distributed according to their N-index, given in the ecological literature. Three dominant species, Calamagrostis varia, Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium myrtillus were examined at sites of different N-availability in the horizontal transect for their photosynthetic performance, by measuring the prompt fluorescence, the OJIP named polyphasic rise of chlorophyll-a fluorescence. All three plant species showed signs of stress in the fluorescence rise kinetics at decreased nitrate availability. These are similar to other known stress effects such as faster reduction of the primary acceptor or an electron supply limitation on the donor site of photosystem II. CONCLUSION Prompt chlorophyll-a fluorescence data of the examined leaves in a natural vegetation system showed the effects of a decrease in the essential nutrient nitrogen and in a manner parallel to changes in plant diversity. The selected marker plants behaved differently towards decreasing nitrogen concentrations in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexha Kaltrina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Bego Kristi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Zyruku Dea
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shuka Lulezim
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Husi René
- Dept. of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Schneller Jakob
- Dept. of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bachofen Reinhard
- Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Dąbrowski P, Baczewska-Dąbrowska AH, Kalaji HM, Goltsev V, Paunov M, Rapacz M, Wójcik-Jagła M, Pawluśkiewicz B, Bąba W, Brestic M. Exploration of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Plant Gas Exchange Parameters as Indicators of Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2736. [PMID: 31216685 PMCID: PMC6631610 DOI: 10.3390/s19122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) belongs to the common cultivated grass species in Central and Western Europe. Despite being considered to be susceptible to drought, it is frequently used for forming the turf in urban green areas. In such areas, the water deficit in soil is recognized as one of the most important environmental factors, which can limit plant growth. The basic aim of this work was to explore the mechanisms standing behind the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus performance of two perennial ryegrass turf varieties grown under drought stress using comprehensive in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signal analyses and plant gas exchange measurements. Drought was applied after eight weeks of sowing by controlling the humidity of the roots ground medium at the levels of 30, 50, and 70% of the field water capacity. Measurements were carried out at four times: 0, 120, and 240 h after drought application and after recovery (refilling water to 70%). We found that the difference between the two tested varieties' response resulted from a particular re-reduction of P700+ (reaction certer of PSI) that was caused by slower electron donation from P680. The difference in the rate of electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to PSI was also detected. The application of the combined tools (plants' photosynthetic efficiency analysis and plant gas exchange measurements) allowed exploring and explaining the specific variety response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta H Baczewska-Dąbrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Momchil Paunov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wójcik-Jagła
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Digrado A, de la Motte LG, Bachy A, Mozaffar A, Schoon N, Bussotti F, Amelynck C, Dalcq AC, Fauconnier ML, Aubinet M, Heinesch B, du Jardin P, Delaplace P. Decrease in the Photosynthetic Performance of Temperate Grassland Species Does Not Lead to a Decline in the Gross Primary Production of the Ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29459875 PMCID: PMC5807415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants, under stressful conditions, can proceed to photosynthetic adjustments in order to acclimatize and alleviate the detrimental impacts on the photosynthetic apparatus. However, it is currently unclear how adjustment of photosynthetic processes under environmental constraints by plants influences CO2 gas exchange at the ecosystem-scale. Over a 2-year period, photosynthetic performance of a temperate grassland ecosystem was characterized by conducting frequent chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) measurements on three primary grassland species (Lolium perenne L., Taraxacum sp., and Trifolium repens L.). Ecosystem photosynthetic performance was estimated from measurements performed on the three dominant grassland species weighed based on their relative abundance. In addition, monitoring CO2 fluxes was performed by eddy covariance. The highest decrease in photosynthetic performance was detected in summer, when environmental constraints were combined. Dicot species (Taraxacum sp. and T. repens) presented the strongest capacity to up-regulate PSI and exhibited the highest electron transport efficiency under stressful environmental conditions compared with L. perenne. The decline in ecosystem photosynthetic performance did not lead to a reduction in gross primary productivity, likely because increased light energy was available under these conditions. The carbon amounts fixed at light saturation were not influenced by alterations in photosynthetic processes, suggesting photosynthesis was not impaired. Decreased photosynthetic performance was associated with high respiration flux, but both were influenced by temperature. Our study revealed variation in photosynthetic performance of a grassland ecosystem responded to environmental constraints, but alterations in photosynthetic processes appeared to exhibit a negligible influence on ecosystem CO2 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Digrado
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Louis G. de la Motte
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Bachy
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ahsan Mozaffar
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Niels Schoon
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Crist Amelynck
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, Belgium
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Dalcq
- Modelling and Development Unit, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Agro-Bio Systems Chemistry, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Aubinet
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
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Digrado A, Bachy A, Mozaffar A, Schoon N, Bussotti F, Amelynck C, Dalcq AC, Fauconnier ML, Aubinet M, Heinesch B, du Jardin P, Delaplace P. Long-term measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence using the JIP-test show that combined abiotic stresses influence the photosynthetic performance of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a managed temperate grassland. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:355-371. [PMID: 28593746 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several experiments have highlighted the complexity of stress interactions involved in plant response. The impact in field conditions of combined environmental constraints on the mechanisms involved in plant photosynthetic response, however, remains understudied. In a long-term field study performed in a managed grassland, we investigated the photosynthetic apparatus response of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to environmental constraints and its ability to recover and acclimatize. Frequent field measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) were made in order to determine the photosynthetic performance response of a population of L. perenne. Strong midday declines in the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (FV FM ) were observed in summer, when a combination of heat and high light intensity increased photosynthetic inhibition. During this period, increase in photosystem I (PSI) activity efficiency was also recorded, suggesting an increase in the photochemical pathway for de-excitation in summer. Strong climatic events (e.g. heat waves) were shown to reduce electron transport between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. This reduction might have preserved the PSI from photo-oxidation. Periods of low soil moisture and high levels of sun irradiance increased PSII sensitivity to heat stress, suggesting increased susceptibility to combined environmental constraints. Despite the multiple inhibitions of photosynthetic functionality in summer, the L. perenne population showed increased PSII tolerance to environmental stresses in August. This might have been a response to earlier environmental constraints. It could also be linked to the selection and/or emergence of well-adapted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Digrado
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Bachy
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Ahsan Mozaffar
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, 1180, Belgium
| | - Niels Schoon
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, 1180, Belgium
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | - Crist Amelynck
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, 1180, Belgium
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Dalcq
- Modeling and Development Unit, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Agro-Bio Systems Chemistry, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Marc Aubinet
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges, TERRA, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology Laboratory, AGRO-BIO-CHEM, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
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Zhang D, Zhang QS, Yang XQ. Seasonal dynamics of photosynthetic activity in the representive brown macroalgae Sagrassum thunbergii (Sargassaceae Phaeophyta). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:88-94. [PMID: 28992543 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the seasonal photosynthetic performances of Sargassum thunbergii via chlorophyll fluorescence technique. During summer and early winter, no significant change was observed in maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and performance index (PIabs). During late winter and early spring, Fv/Fm, and PIabs decreased significantly, implying that S. thunbergii photosystem II (PSII) suffered apparent photoinhibition. Subsequently, PSII gradually recovered during late spring and summer, as evidenced by an increase of both parameters. Throughout the year, the maximum decrease in the slope of MR/MR0 maintained low values indicated that photosystem I (PSI) was incative, the initial rate of P700+ re-reduction maintained low value indicated that cyclic electron transport (CET) were inactive; nevertheless, a seasonal down-regulation of both PSI and CET during late winter and early spring could be detected. The weak performance of PSI and CET can potentially limit the flexibility in response to winter stress and result in a delayed recovery of PSII. In conclusion, the seasonal variability of S. thunbergii photosynthetic activity was characterized by three periods: active state, down-regulation and restoration. The rapid growth during early spring was accompanied by weak photosynthetic performance, indicating that the carbohydrates consumed during this period were derived from previously stored starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | | | - Xiao Qi Yang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
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17
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Ďurkovič J, Husárová H, Javoříková L, Čaňová I, Šuleková M, Kardošová M, Lukáčik I, Mamoňová M, Lagaňa R. Physiological, vascular and nanomechanical assessment of hybrid poplar leaf traits in micropropagated plants and plants propagated from root cuttings: A contribution to breeding programs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:449-459. [PMID: 28743038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagated plants experience significant stress from rapid water loss when they are transferred from an in vitro culture to either greenhouse or field conditions. This is caused both by inefficient stomatal control of transpiration and the change to a higher light intensity and lower humidity. Understanding the physiological, vascular and biomechanical processes that allow micropropagated plants to modify their phenotype in response to environmental conditions can help to improve both field performance and plant survival. To identify changes between the hybrid poplar [Populus tremula × (Populus × canescens)] plants propagated from in vitro tissue culture and those from root cuttings, we assessed leaf performance for any differences in leaf growth, photosynthetic and vascular traits, and also nanomechanical properties of the tracheary element cell walls. The micropropagated plants showed significantly higher values for leaf area, leaf length, leaf width and leaf dry mass. The greater leaf area and leaf size dimensions resulted from the higher transpiration rate recorded for this stock type. Also, the micropropagated plants reached higher values for chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and for the nanomechanical dissipation energy of tracheary element cell walls which may indicate a higher damping capacity within the primary xylem tissue under abiotic stress conditions. The performance of the plants propagated from root cuttings was superior for instantaneous water-use efficiency which signifies a higher acclimation capacity to stressful conditions during a severe drought particularly for this stock type. Similarities were found among the majority of the examined leaf traits for both vegetative plant origins including leaf mass per area, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, hydraulic axial conductivity, indicators of leaf midrib vascular architecture, as well as for the majority of cell wall nanomechanical traits. This research revealed that there were no drawbacks in the leaf physiological performance which could be attributed to the micropropagated plants of fast growing hybrid poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Ďurkovič
- Department of Phytology, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Hana Husárová
- Department of Phytology, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Javoříková
- Department of Phytology, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Čaňová
- Department of Phytology, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Miriama Šuleková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Kardošová
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Lukáčik
- Department of Silviculture, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslava Mamoňová
- Department of Wood Science, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Lagaňa
- Department of Wood Science, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
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Joly FX, Milcu A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Jean LK, Bussotti F, Dawud SM, Müller S, Pollastrini M, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Vesterdal L, Hättenschwiler S. Tree species diversity affects decomposition through modified micro-environmental conditions across European forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1281-1293. [PMID: 28181238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Different tree species influence litter decomposition directly through species-specific litter traits, and indirectly through distinct modifications of the local decomposition environment. Whether these indirect effects on decomposition are influenced by tree species diversity is presently not clear. We addressed this question by studying the decomposition of two common substrates, cellulose paper and wood sticks, in a total of 209 forest stands of varying tree species diversity across six major forest types at the scale of Europe. Tree species richness showed a weak but positive correlation with the decomposition of cellulose but not with that of wood. Surprisingly, macroclimate had only a minor effect on cellulose decomposition and no effect on wood decomposition despite the wide range in climatic conditions among sites from Mediterranean to boreal forests. Instead, forest canopy density and stand-specific litter traits affected the decomposition of both substrates, with a particularly clear negative effect of the proportion of evergreen tree litter. Our study suggests that species richness and composition of tree canopies modify decomposition indirectly through changes in microenvironmental conditions. These canopy-induced differences in the local decomposition environment control decomposition to a greater extent than continental-scale differences in macroclimatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Joly
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, FR-34293, France
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, FR-34293, France
- CNRS, Ecotron - UPS 3248, Campus Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, FR-34980, France
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr.1, Freiburg, DE-79104, Germany
| | - Loreline-Katia Jean
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, FR-34293, France
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine, 28, Firenze, IT-50144, Italy
| | - Seid Muhie Dawud
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Sandra Müller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr.1, Freiburg, DE-79104, Germany
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine, 28, Firenze, IT-50144, Italy
| | - Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, FR-34293, France
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Traditional and Novel Indicators of Climate Change Impacts on European Forest Trees. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pollastrini M, Nogales AG, Benavides R, Bonal D, Finer L, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Grossiord C, Radoglou K, Strasser RJ, Bussotti F. Tree diversity affects chlorophyll a fluorescence and other leaf traits of tree species in a boreal forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:199-208. [PMID: 28100710 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An assemblage of tree species with different crown properties creates heterogeneous environments at the canopy level. Changes of functional leaf traits are expected, especially those related to light interception and photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) properties in dark-adapted leaves, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content (N) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) were measured on Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula pendula Roth. in monospecific and mixed boreal forests in Europe, in order to test whether they were affected by stand species richness and composition. Photosynthetic efficiency, assessed by induced emission of leaf ChlF, was positively influenced in B. pendula by species richness, whereas P. abies showed higher photosynthetic efficiency in monospecific stands. Pinus sylvestris had different responses when it coexisted with P. abies or B. pendula. The presence of B. pendula, but not of P. abies, in the forest had a positive effect on the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport and N in P. sylvestris needles, and the photosynthetic responses were positively correlated with an increase of leaf δ13C. These effects on P. sylvestris may be related to high light availability at the canopy level due to the less dense canopy of B. pendula. The different light requirements of coexisting species was the most important factor affecting the distribution of foliage in the canopy, driving the physiological responses of the mixed species. Future research directions claim to enhance the informative potential of the methods to analyse the responses of pure and mixed forests to environmental factors, including a broader set of plant species' functional traits and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Garcia Nogales
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Albert-Ludwings-Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Damien Bonal
- UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, INRA, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Leena Finer
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 68, Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mariangela Fotelli
- Forest Research Institute, Vassilika 57006, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazodou 193, N. Orestiada 68300, Greece
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, MS-J495, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Kalliopi Radoglou
- Forest Research Institute, Vassilika 57006, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazodou 193, N. Orestiada 68300, Greece
| | - Reto J Strasser
- North West University South Africa, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
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Zhang D, Zhang QS, Yang XQ, Sheng ZT, Nan GN. The alternation between PSII and PSI in ivy (Hedera nepalensis) demonstrated by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:499-506. [PMID: 27592174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine the coordination between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in response to varying environmental conditions, both diurnal fluctuations and seasonal variability of photosynthetic electron transport activity in ivy (Hedera nepalensis, Araliaceae) were investigated: by measuring prompt fluorescence, delayed fluorescence (DF) and modulated reflection of 820 nm light (MR). During diurnal fluctuations, the PSII electron donor side was damaged, as evidenced by decreases of the fast amplitude of DF decay kinetics at I1, although there was no significant change in relative variable fluorescence at K-step to amplitude of FJ - Fo. Decreases in the maximum photochemical efficiency (i.e., PSII photoinactivation) were accompanied by an increased maximum decrease in the slope of MR/MRo (i.e., PSI photoactivation). Subsequently, PSII recovery and PSI relaxation occurred in the afternoon. Throughout the season, alternations between PSII and PSI were also suggested by the down-regulation of PSII and the up-regulation of PSI from summer to winter. Significant negative linear correlations between the activity of PSII and PSI across both diurnal fluctuations and seasonal variability were verified by correlation analyses. In addition, PSI was active throughout the year, suggesting PSI is independent from high temperatures. High PSI activity may maintain the functional integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus in overwintering ivy. The alternation between PSII and PSI activity may regulate the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems and balance the redox state of the electron transport change, thereby enabling ivy to respond to varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | | | - Xiao Qi Yang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Zi Tong Sheng
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Guo Ning Nan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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Ripoll J, Bertin N, Bidel LPR, Urban L. A User's View of the Parameters Derived from the Induction Curves of Maximal Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Perspectives for Analyzing Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1679. [PMID: 27891137 PMCID: PMC5104755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the fast kinetics of the induction curve of maximal fluorescence represents a relatively recent development for chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. The parameters of the so-called JIP-test are exploited by an increasingly large community of users to assess plant stress and its consequences. We provide here evidence that these parameters are capable to distinguish between stresses of different natures or intensities, and between stressed plants of different genetic background or at different developmental stages at the time of stress. It is, however, important to keep in mind that the JIP-test is inherently limited in scope, that it is based on assumptions which are not fully validated and that precautions must be taken to ensure that measurements are meaningful. Recent advances suggest that some improvements could be implemented to increase the reliability of measurements and the pertinence of the parameters calculated. We moreover advocate for using the JIP-test in combination with other techniques to build comprehensive pictures of plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ripoll
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | | | - Laurent Urban
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Urban,
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