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Rabiey M, Welch T, Sanchez-Lucas R, Stevens K, Raw M, Kettles GJ, Catoni M, McDonald MC, Jackson RW, Luna E. Scaling-up to understand tree-pathogen interactions: A steep, tough climb or a walk in the park? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102229. [PMID: 35567925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have proficient tools that allow them to survive interactions with pathogens. Upon attack, they respond with specific countermeasures, which are controlled by the immune system. However, defences can fail and this failure exposes plants to fast-spreading devastation. Trees face similar challenges to other plants and their immune system allows them to mount defences against pathogens. However, their slow growth, longevity, woodiness, and size can make trees a challenging system to study. Here, we review scientific successes in plant systems, highlight the key challenges and describe the enormous opportunities for pathology research in trees. We discuss the benefits that scaling-up our understanding on tree-pathogen interactions can provide in the fight against plant pathogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Rabiey
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas Welch
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Lucas
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katie Stevens
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Raw
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graeme J Kettles
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco Catoni
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Megan C McDonald
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert W Jackson
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Estrella Luna
- The Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Cao HX, Vu GTH, Gailing O. From Genome Sequencing to CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Climate-Resilient Forest Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:966. [PMID: 35055150 PMCID: PMC8780650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the economic and ecological importance of forest trees, modern breeding and genetic manipulation of forest trees have become increasingly prevalent. The CRISPR-based technology provides a versatile, powerful, and widely accepted tool for analyzing gene function and precise genetic modification in virtually any species but remains largely unexplored in forest species. Rapidly accumulating genetic and genomic resources for forest trees enabled the identification of numerous genes and biological processes that are associated with important traits such as wood quality, drought, or pest resistance, facilitating the selection of suitable gene editing targets. Here, we introduce and discuss the latest progress, opportunities, and challenges of genome sequencing and editing for improving forest sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Xuan Cao
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Gottingen, Germany;
| | - Giang Thi Ha Vu
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Gottingen, Germany;
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Gottingen, Germany;
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37073 Gottingen, Germany
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3
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Guevara-Escudero M, Osorio AN, Cortés AJ. Integrative Pre-Breeding for Biotic Resistance in Forest Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102022. [PMID: 34685832 PMCID: PMC8541610 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is unleashing novel biotic antagonistic interactions for forest trees that may jeopardize populations' persistence. Therefore, this review article envisions highlighting major opportunities from ecological evolutionary genomics to assist the identification, conservation, and breeding of biotic resistance in forest tree species. Specifically, we first discuss how assessing the genomic architecture of biotic stress resistance enables us to recognize a more polygenic nature for a trait typically regarded Mendelian, an expectation from the Fisherian runaway pathogen-host concerted arms-race evolutionary model. Secondly, we outline innovative pipelines to capture and harness natural tree pre-adaptations to biotic stresses by merging tools from the ecology, phylo-geography, and omnigenetics fields within a predictive breeding platform. Promoting integrative ecological genomic studies promises a better understanding of antagonistic co-evolutionary interactions, as well as more efficient breeding utilization of resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Guevara-Escudero
- Department de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (M.G.-E.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Angy N. Osorio
- Department de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (M.G.-E.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrés J. Cortés
- Department de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (M.G.-E.); (A.N.O.)
- Main Address: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Km 7 Vía Rionegro, Las Palmas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Capador-Barreto HD, Bernhardsson C, Milesi P, Vos I, Lundén K, Wu HX, Karlsson B, Ingvarsson PK, Stenlid J, Elfstrand M. Killing two enemies with one stone? Genomics of resistance to two sympatric pathogens in Norway spruce. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4433-4447. [PMID: 34218489 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trees must cope with the attack of multiple pathogens, often simultaneously during their long lifespan. Ironically, the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling this process are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to compare the genetic component of resistance in Norway spruce to Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and its sympatric congener Heterobasidion parviporum. Heterobasidion root- and stem-rot is a major disease of Norway spruce caused by members of the Heterobasidion annosum species complex. Resistance to both pathogens was measured using artificial inoculations in half-sib families of Norway spruce trees originating from central to northern Europe. The genetic component of resistance was analysed using 63,760 genome-wide exome-capture sequenced SNPs and multitrait genome-wide associations. No correlation was found for resistance to the two pathogens; however, associations were found between genomic variants and resistance traits with synergic or antagonist pleiotropic effects to both pathogens. Additionally, a latitudinal cline in resistance in the bark to H. annosum s.s. was found; trees from southern latitudes, with a later bud-set and thicker stem diameter, allowed longer lesions, but this was not the case for H. parviporum. In summary, this study detects genomic variants with pleiotropic effects which explain multiple disease resistance from a genic level and could be useful for selection of resistant trees to both pathogens. Furthermore, it highlights the need for additional research to understand the evolution of resistance traits to multiple pathogens in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán D Capador-Barreto
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Bernhardsson
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Vos
- Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), Ekebo, Sweden
| | - Karl Lundén
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harry X Wu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Karlsson
- Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), Ekebo, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Elfstrand
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kahlon PS, Verin M, Hückelhoven R, Stam R. Quantitative resistance differences between and within natural populations of Solanum chilense against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7768-7778. [PMID: 34188850 PMCID: PMC8216925 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild tomato species Solanum chilense is divided into geographically and genetically distinct populations that show signs of defense gene selection and differential phenotypes when challenged with several phytopathogens, including the oomycete causal agent of late blight Phytophthora infestans. To better understand the phenotypic diversity of this disease resistance in S. chilense and to assess the effect of plant genotype versus pathogen isolate, respectively, we evaluated infection frequency in a systematic approach and with large sample sizes. We studied 85 genetically distinct individuals representing nine geographically separated populations of S. chilense. This showed that differences in quantitative resistance can be observed between but also within populations at the level of individual plants. Our data also did not reveal complete immunity in any of the genotypes. We further evaluated the resistance of a subset of the plants against P. infestans isolates with diverse virulence properties. This confirmed that the relative differences in resistance phenotypes between individuals were mainly determined by the plant genotype under consideration with modest effects of pathogen isolate used in the study. Thus, our report suggests that the observed quantitative resistance against P. infestans in natural populations of a wild tomato species S. chilense is the result of basal defense responses that depend on the host genotype and are pathogen isolate-unspecific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Verin
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Remco Stam
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
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van Dijk LJA, Ehrlén J, Tack AJM. The timing and asymmetry of plant-pathogen-insect interactions. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201303. [PMID: 32962544 PMCID: PMC7542815 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and pathogens frequently exploit the same host plant and can potentially impact each other's performance. However, studies on plant–pathogen–insect interactions have mainly focused on a fixed temporal setting or on a single interaction partner. In this study, we assessed the impact of time of attacker arrival on the outcome and symmetry of interactions between aphids (Tuberculatus annulatus), powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides), and caterpillars (Phalera bucephala) feeding on pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, and explored how single versus multiple attackers affect oak performance. We used a multifactorial greenhouse experiment in which oak seedlings were infected with either zero, one, two, or three attackers, with the order of attacker arrival differing among treatments. The performances of all involved organisms were monitored throughout the experiment. Overall, attackers had a weak and inconsistent impact on plant performance. Interactions between attackers, when present, were asymmetric. For example, aphids performed worse, but powdery mildew performed better, when co-occurring. Order of arrival strongly affected the outcome of interactions, and early attackers modified the strength and direction of interactions between later-arriving attackers. Our study shows that interactions between plant attackers can be asymmetric, time-dependent, and species specific. This is likely to shape the ecology and evolution of plant–pathogen–insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J A van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Plomion C, Martin F. Oak genomics is proving its worth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:943-946. [PMID: 32301515 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Martin
- INRAE, UMR IAM, Centre INRAE-Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, F-54280, Champenoux, France
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