1
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Veciana N, Martín G, Monte E. A PIF-regulated switch in cell axis growth drives cotyledon expansion through tissue-specific cell expansion and division. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 122:e70196. [PMID: 40377543 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Despite its crucial role during seedling deetiolation, cotyledon expansion has been largely overlooked, with hypocotyl elongation favored as the primary phenotypic readout in light signaling research. Here, we investigate how cotyledon expansion is regulated during seedling establishment and reveal that light-induced cotyledon expansion involves a rapid switch in growth direction - from longitudinal in darkness to transversal upon initial light exposure. Using PIFq- and phyA/phyB-deficient Arabidopsis mutants, we demonstrate that this switch is repressed by PIFs in the dark and promoted by phytochromes under red light. Notably, expansion is antagonistically regulated in the light by GUN1-mediated plastid retrograde signaling. Cotyledon expansion involves rapid epidermis cell expansion, transitioning from rectangular in darkness to characteristic lobed cells in light. Importantly, our findings show that mesophyll extension is driven not only by cell enlargement but also by palisade cell division, consistent with an enrichment of cell cycle-related genes that are antagonistically regulated by the PIF/phy system and retrograde signaling in the cotyledon. Finally, using mutant lines expressing PIF1 and phyB specifically in the epidermis, we establish that epidermal expansion can drive palisade cell growth, while mesophyll cell division is predominantly regulated by light at the tissue-specific level. This study provides a novel framework for investigating cotyledon expansion during seedling deetiolation, incorporating tissue-level regulation. We propose that cotyledons serve as an excellent model for studying morphogenesis and organ geometry, which in plants is governed by directional cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Veciana
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Martín
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Zhang N, Liu H. Switch on and off: Phospho-events in light signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2025. [PMID: 40243236 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Light is a fundamental environmental cue that dynamically orchestrates plant growth and development through spatiotemporally regulated molecular networks. Among these, phosphorylation, a key post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in controlling the function, stability, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interactions of light signaling components. This review systematically examines phosphorylation-dependent regulatory events within the Arabidopsis light signaling cascade, focusing on its regulatory mechanisms, downstream functional consequences, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We underscore the pivotal role of phosphorylation in light signaling transduction, elucidating how the phosphorylation-decoding framework transduces light information into growth and developmental plasticity to modulate plant-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
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3
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Liu Q, Wu Z, Qi X, Fang H, Yu X, Li L, Chen Z, Wu J, Gao Y, Kai G, Liang C. TmCOP1-TmHY5 module-mediated blue light signal promotes chicoric acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum mongolicum. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2025; 23:839-856. [PMID: 39670431 PMCID: PMC11869179 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Chicoric acid, a phenolic compound derived from plants, exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. Light significantly influences the chicoric acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum mongolicum; however, the transcriptional regulatory network governing this process remains unclear. A combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed that blue light markedly enhances chicoric acid accumulation compared to red light. The blue light-sensitive transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is closely associated with multiple core proteins, transcription factors and chicoric acid synthase genes involved in light signalling. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TmHY5 directly regulates several chicoric acid biosynthetic genes, including TmPAL3, Tm4CL1 and TmHQT2. Additionally, TmHY5 promotes the accumulation of luteolin and anthocyanins by increasing the expression of TmCHS2 and TmANS2. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) forms a protein complex with TmHY5, significantly inhibiting chicoric acid biosynthesis. Blue light inhibits TmCOP1-TmHY5 complex protein formation while enhancing the expression levels of TmCOP1 through TmHY5. Furthermore, TmHY5 elevates the expression levels of TmbZIP1, which indirectly activates Tm4CL1 expression. In vivo, TmCOP1 directly inhibits the expression of the TmHY5-Tm4CL1 complex. Therefore, we speculate that TmCOP1-TmHY5-mediated blue light signalling effectively activates chicoric acid biosynthesis, providing a foundation for the application of blue light supplementation technology in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Zhiqing Wu
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
- College of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Li Li
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Zequn Chen
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning Medical Functional Food Professional Technology Innovation CenterShenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, College of Pharmacy, Jinhua AcademyZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat‐Sen)NanjingChina
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4
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Trofimov K, Mankotia S, Ngigi M, Baby D, Satbhai SB, Bauer P. Shedding light on iron nutrition: exploring intersections of transcription factor cascades in light and iron deficiency signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2025; 76:787-802. [PMID: 39115876 PMCID: PMC11805591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
In the dynamic environment of plants, the interplay between light-dependent growth and iron nutrition is a recurring challenge. Plants respond to low iron levels by adjusting growth and physiology through enhanced iron acquisition from the rhizosphere and internal iron pool reallocation. Iron deficiency response assays and gene co-expression networks aid in documenting physiological reactions and unraveling gene-regulatory cascades, offering insight into the interplay between hormonal and external signaling pathways. However, research directly exploring the significance of light in iron nutrition remains limited. This review provides an overview on iron deficiency regulation and its cross-connection with distinct light signals, focusing on transcription factor cascades and long-distance signaling. The circadian clock and retrograde signaling influence iron uptake and allocation. The light-activated shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) affects iron homeostasis responses in roots. Blue light triggers the formation of biomolecular condensates containing iron deficiency-induced protein complexes. The potential of exploiting the connection between light and iron signaling remains underutilized. With climate change and soil alkalinity on the rise, there is a need to develop crops with improved nutrient use efficiency and modified light dependencies. More research is needed to understand and leverage the interplay between light signaling and iron nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samriti Mankotia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140406, India
| | - Mary Ngigi
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dibin Baby
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140406, India
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Hwang H, Lim Y, Oh MM, Choi H, Shim D, Song YH, Cho H. Spatiotemporal bifurcation of HY5-mediated blue-light signaling regulates wood development during secondary growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407524121. [PMID: 39585973 PMCID: PMC11626169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407524121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved photoreceptors to optimize their development during primary growth, including germination, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon opening, and root growth, allowing them to adapt to challenging light conditions. The light signaling transduction pathway during seedling establishment has been extensively studied, but little molecular evidence is available for light-regulated secondary growth, and how light regulates cambium-derived tissue production remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that CRYPTOCHROME (CRY)-dependent blue light signaling and the subsequent attenuation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) movement to hypocotyls are key inducers of xylem fiber differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using grafted chimeric plants and hypocotyl-specific transcriptome sequencing of light signaling mutants under controlled light conditions, we demonstrate that the perception of blue light by CRYs in shoots drives secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition at xylem fiber cells during the secondary growth of hypocotyls. We propose that HY5 is a blue light-responsive mobile protein that inhibits xylem fiber formation via direct transcriptional repression of NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING 3 (NST3). CRYs retain HY5 in the nucleus, impede its long-distance transport from leaf to hypocotyl, and they initiate NST3-driven SCW gene expression, thereby triggering xylem fiber production. Our findings shed light on the long-range CRYs-HY5-NST3 signaling cascade that shapes xylem fiber development, highlighting the activity of HY5 as a transcriptional repressor during secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeona Hwang
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju28644, Korea
| | - Yookyung Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju28644, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Oh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju28644, Korea
| | - Hyunmo Choi
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon16631, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon34134, Korea
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju28644, Korea
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6
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Singh D, Mitra O, Mahapatra K, Raghuvanshi AS, Kulkarni R, Datta S. REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS proteins target ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 for degradation to promote early plant development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:2490-2503. [PMID: 39196775 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 2 (RUP2) are WD-40 domain-containing proteins that have been extensively characterized for their role in UV-B signaling. However, the roles of the RUP proteins outside the canonical UV-signaling pathway are less known. Here, we identify that RUP1 and RUP2 play important roles in ABA signaling to regulate seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our protein interaction studies confirmed that RUP1 and RUP2 physically interact with ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5). In the presence of abscisic acid, rup1, rup2, and rup1rup2 exhibited reduced germination and seedling establishment compared with the wild type. Germination and seedling establishment in rup1rup2abi5-8 were similar to abi5-8, suggesting that RUP1 and RUP2 suppress ABA-mediated inhibition of germination and early seedling development in an ABI5-dependent manner. The DDB1-binding WD40 protein RUP2 promoted the ubiquitination of ABI5 to regulate its degradation. ABI5, in turn, establishes a negative feedback loop to inhibit the expression of RUP1/RUP2. ABI5 also inhibited the direct binding of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to the promoters of RUP1 and RUP2 under ABA. This study highlights the coordinated action of RUP1, RUP2, ABI5, and HY5 in regulating early plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Oihik Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Akshat Singh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Rucha Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
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7
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Fang K, Yao X, Tian Y, He Y, Lin Y, Lei W, Peng S, Pan G, Shi H, Zhang D, Lin H. Ubiquitin-specific protease UBP14 stabilizes HY5 by deubiquitination to promote photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404883121. [PMID: 39102535 PMCID: PMC11331110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404883121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is the central hub for seedling photomorphogenesis. E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) inhibits HY5 protein accumulation through ubiquitination. However, the process of HY5 deubiquitination, which antagonizes E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination to maintain HY5 homeostasis has never been studied. Here, we identified that Arabidopsis thaliana deubiquitinating enzyme, Ub-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 (UBP14) physically interacts with HY5 and enhances its protein stability by deubiquitination. The da3-1 mutant lacking UBP14 function exhibited a long hypocotyl phenotype, and UBP14 deficiency led to the failure of rapid accumulation of HY5 during dark to light. In addition, UBP14 preferred to stabilize nonphosphorylated form of HY5 which is more readily bound to downstream target genes. HY5 promoted the expression and protein accumulation of UBP14 for positive feedback to facilitate photomorphogenesis. Our findings thus established a mechanism by which UBP14 stabilizes HY5 protein by deubiquitination to promote photomorphogenesis in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin644000, China
| | - Yu’ang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Yingru Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Sihan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Guohui Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Haoyu Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
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8
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Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Choi IKY, Chaturvedi AK, Sng BJR, Vu KV, Jang IC. Organ-specific transcriptional regulation by HFR1 and HY5 in response to shade in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1430639. [PMID: 39145190 PMCID: PMC11322348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Light is crucial for plants and serves as a signal for modulating their growth. Under shade, where red to far-red light ratio is low, plants exhibit shade avoidance responses (SAR). LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) are known to be negative regulators of SAR and physically interact with one another. However, transcriptional regulatory network underlying SAR by these two transcription factors has not been explored. Here, we performed organ-specific transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana hfr1-5, hy5-215 and hfr1hy5 to identify genes that are co-regulated by HFR1 and HY5 in hypocotyls and cotyledons. Genes co-regulated by HFR1 and HY5 were enriched in various processes related to cell wall modification and chlorophyll biosynthesis in hypocotyls. Phytohormone (abscisic acid and jasmonic acid) and light responses were significantly regulated by HFR1 and HY5 in both organs, though it is more prominent under shade in cotyledons. HFR1 and HY5 also differentially regulate the expression of the cell wall-related genes for xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, expansin, arabinogalactan protein and class III peroxidase depending on the organs. Furthermore, HFR1 and HY5 cooperatively regulated hypocotyl responsiveness to shade through auxin metabolism. Together, our study illustrates the importance of the HFR1-HY5 module in regulating organ-specific shade responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kin Yuen Choi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Kumar Chaturvedi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kien Van Vu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Zhang N, Wei CQ, Xu DJ, Deng ZP, Zhao YC, Ai LF, Sun Y, Wang ZY, Zhang SW. Photoregulatory protein kinases fine-tune plant photomorphogenesis by directing a bifunctional phospho-code on HY5 in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1737-1749.e7. [PMID: 38677285 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Photomorphogenesis is a light-dependent plant growth and development program. As the core regulator of photomorphogenesis, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is affected by dynamic changes in its transcriptional activity and protein stability; however, little is known about the mediators of these processes. Here, we identified PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASE 1 (PPK1), which interacts with and phosphorylates HY5 in Arabidopsis, as one such mediator. The phosphorylation of HY5 by PPK1 is essential to establish high-affinity binding with B-BOX PROTEIN 24 (BBX24) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), which inhibit the transcriptional activity and promote the degradation of HY5, respectively. As such, PPKs regulate not only the binding of HY5 to its target genes under light conditions but also HY5 degradation when plants are transferred from light to dark. Our data identify a PPK-mediated phospho-code on HY5 that integrates the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of HY5 to precisely control plant photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chuang-Qi Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Da-Jin Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Deng
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ya-Chao Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sheng-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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11
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Arico DS, Burachik NB, Wengier DL, Mazzella MA. Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in darkness requires the phosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1815-1831. [PMID: 38494883 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rapid hypocotyl elongation allows buried seedlings to emerge, where light triggers de-etiolation and inhibits hypocotyl growth mainly by photoreceptors. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events regulate many aspects of plant development. Only recently we have begun to uncover the earliest phospho-signaling responders to light. Here, we reported a large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis and identified 20 proteins that changed their phosphorylation pattern following a 20 min light pulse compared to darkness. Microtubule-associated proteins were highly overrepresented in this group. Among them, we studied CIP7 (COP1-INTERACTING-PROTEIN 7), which presented microtubule (MT) localization in contrast to the previous description. An isoform of CIP7 phosphorylated at Serine915 was detected in etiolated seedlings but was undetectable after a light pulse in the presence of photoreceptors, while CIP7 transcript expression decays with long light exposure. The short hypocotyl phenotype and rearrangement of MTs in etiolated cip7 mutants are complemented by CIP7-YFP and the phospho-mimetic CIP7S915D-YFP, but not the phospho-null CIP7S915A-YFP suggesting that the phosphorylated S915CIP7 isoform promotes hypocotyl elongation through MT reorganization in darkness. Our evidence on Serine915 of CIP7 unveils phospho-regulation of MT-based processes during skotomorphogenic hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Soledad Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Burachik
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - Diego Leonardo Wengier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
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12
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Chang HH, Huang LC, Browning KS, Huq E, Cheng MC. The phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal eIF2α by SPA kinases contributes to enhanced translation efficiency during photomorphogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3467. [PMID: 38658612 PMCID: PMC11043401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Light triggers an enhancement of global translation during photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. The phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) at a conserved serine residue in the N-terminus has been shown as an important mechanism for the regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian and yeast cells. However, whether the phosphorylation of this residue in plant eIF2α plays a role in regulation of translation remains elusive. Here, we show that the quadruple mutant of SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 family members (SPA1-SPA4) display repressed translation efficiency after light illumination. Moreover, SPA1 directly phosphorylates the eIF2α C-terminus under light conditions. The C-term-phosphorylated eIF2α promotes translation efficiency and photomorphogenesis, whereas the C-term-unphosphorylated eIF2α results in a decreased translation efficiency. We also demonstrate that the phosphorylated eIF2α enhances ternary complex assembly by promoting its affinity to eIF2β and eIF2γ. This study reveals a unique mechanism by which light promotes translation via SPA1-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminus of eIF2α in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsien Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chen Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Karen S Browning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Mei-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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13
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Wang W, Kim J, Martinez TS, Huq E, Sung S. COP1 controls light-dependent chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312853121. [PMID: 38349881 PMCID: PMC10895365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312853121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that impacts various aspects of plant development. Phytochromes, as light sensors, regulate myriads of downstream genes to mediate developmental reprogramming in response to changes in environmental conditions. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase for a number of substrates in light signaling, acting as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis. The interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and COP1 forms an antagonistic regulatory module that triggers extensive gene expression reprogramming when exposed to light. Here, we uncover a role of COP1 in light-dependent chromatin remodeling through the regulation of VIL1 (VIN3-LIKE 1)/VERNALIZATION 5, a Polycomb protein. VIL1 directly interacts with phyB and regulates photomorphogenesis through the formation of repressive chromatin loops at downstream growth-promoting genes in response to light. Furthermore, we reveal that COP1 governs light-dependent formation of chromatin loop and limiting a repressive histone modification to fine-tune expressions of growth-promoting genes during photomorphogenesis through VIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Teresa S. Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
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14
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Liu X, Huang K, Chu C. reduced internode 1 shortens internode length while increasing soybean yield. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100781. [PMID: 38140728 PMCID: PMC10873910 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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15
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Liu W, Giuriani G, Havlikova A, Li D, Lamont DJ, Neugart S, Velanis CN, Petersen J, Hoecker U, Christie JM, Jenkins GI. Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis UVR8 photoreceptor modulates protein interactions and responses to UV-B radiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1221. [PMID: 38336824 PMCID: PMC10858049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure of plants to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation initiates transcriptional responses that modify metabolism, physiology and development to enhance viability in sunlight. Many of these regulatory responses to UV-B radiation are mediated by the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). Following photoreception, UVR8 interacts directly with multiple proteins to regulate gene expression, but the mechanisms that control differential protein binding to initiate distinct responses are unknown. Here we show that UVR8 is phosphorylated at several sites and that UV-B stimulates phosphorylation at Serine 402. Site-directed mutagenesis to mimic Serine 402 phosphorylation promotes binding of UVR8 to REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS (RUP) proteins, which negatively regulate UVR8 action. Complementation of the uvr8 mutant with phosphonull or phosphomimetic variants suggests that phosphorylation of Serine 402 modifies UVR8 activity and promotes flavonoid biosynthesis, a key UV-B-stimulated response that enhances plant protection and crop nutritional quality. This research provides a basis to understand how UVR8 interacts differentially with effector proteins to regulate plant responses to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Giovanni Giuriani
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Anezka Havlikova
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dezhi Li
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Douglas J Lamont
- FingerPrints Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, Discovery Centre, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christos N Velanis
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Venables Building, The Open University, Walton Hall Campus, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jan Petersen
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Hoecker
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Köln, 50923, Köln, Germany
| | - John M Christie
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gareth I Jenkins
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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16
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Li J, Zeng J, Tian Z, Zhao Z. Root-specific photoreception directs early root development by HY5-regulated ROS balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313092121. [PMID: 38300870 PMCID: PMC10861875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Root development is tightly controlled by light, and the response is thought to depend on signal transmission from the shoot. Here, we show that the root apical meristem perceives light independently from aboveground organs to activate the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). The ROS balance between H2O2 and superoxide anion in the root is disturbed under darkness with increased H2O2. We demonstrate that root-derived HY5 directly activates PER6 expression to eliminate H2O2. Moreover, HY5 directly represses UPBEAT1, a known inhibitor of peroxidases, to release the expression of PERs, partially contributing to the light control of ROS balance in the root. Our results reveal an unexpected ability in roots with specific photoreception and provide a mechanistic framework for the HY5-mediated interaction between light and ROS signaling in early root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tian
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
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17
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Gao Z, Geng X, Xiang L, Shao C, Geng Q, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu S, Chen X. TaVQ22 Interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to Negatively Regulate Wheat Resistance to Sheath Blight. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:454-463. [PMID: 38394356 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0058-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sheath blight caused by the necrotic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis is responsible for severe damage to bread wheat. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital for stress resistance by plants and their homeostasis plays an important role in wheat resistance to sheath blight. Valine-glutamine (VQ) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functional mechanism mediated by wheat VQ protein in response to sheath blight via ROS homeostasis regulation is unclear. In this study, we identified TaVQ22 protein containing the VQ motif and clarified the functional mechanisms involved in the defense of wheat against R. cerealis. TaVQ22 silencing reduced the accumulation of ROS and enhanced the resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. In addition, we showed that TaVQ22 regulated ROS generation by interacting with the WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY19-2B, thereby indicating that TaVQ22 and TaWRKY19-2B formed complexes in the plant cell nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that the VQ motif in TaVQ22 is crucial for the interaction, where it inhibits the transcriptional activation function of TaWRKY19-2B. In summary, TaVQ22 interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to regulate ROS homeostasis and negatively regulate the defense response to R. cerealis infection. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism that allows VQ protein to mediate the immune response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxia Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Yao X, Fang K, Qiao K, Xiong J, Lan J, Chen J, Tian Y, Kang X, Lei W, Zhang D, Lin H. Cooperative transcriptional regulation by ATAF1 and HY5 promotes light-induced cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadf7318. [PMID: 38166030 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The opening of the embryonic leaves (cotyledons) as seedlings emerge from the dark soil into the light is crucial to ensure the survival of the plant. Seedlings that sprout in the dark elongate rapidly to reach light but keep their cotyledons closed. During de-etiolation, the transition from dark to light growth, elongation slows and the cotyledons open. Here, we report that the transcription factor ACTIVATING FACTOR1 (ATAF1) participates in de-etiolation and facilitates light-induced cotyledon opening. The transition from dark to light rapidly induced ATAF1 expression and ATAF1 accumulation in cotyledons. Seedlings lacking or overexpressing ATAF1 exhibited reduced or enhanced cotyledon opening, respectively, and transcriptomic analysis indicated that ATAF1 repressed the expression of genes associated with growth and cotyledon closure. The activation of the photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) by far-red light induced its association with the ATAF1 promoter and stimulation of ATAF1 expression. The transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), which is also activated in response far-red light, cooperated with phyA to induce ATAF1 expression. ATAF1 and HY5 interacted with one another and cooperatively repressed the expression of growth-promoting and cotyledon closure genes. Together, our study reveals a mechanism through which far-red light promotes cotyledon opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kang Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiawei Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiayi Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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19
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Jia Q, Yin Y, Gai S, Tian L, Zhu Z, Qin L, Wang Y. Onion cryptochrome 1 (AcCRY1) regulates photomorphogenesis and photoperiod flowering in Arabidopsis and exploration of its functional mechanisms under blue light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108300. [PMID: 38157835 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs), as blue-light photoreceptors, play a crucial role in regulating flowering time and hypocotyl and cotyledon development. Their physiological functions have been extensively studied in various plant species. However, research on onions remains limited. In this study, we identified AcCRY1 and conducted preliminary investigations into its function. Our results demonstrate that AcCRY1 possesses a conserved domain typical of cryptochromes with high homology to those found in monocots. Furthermore, we examined the expression level of AcCRY1 in onion. The green tissues is significantly higher compared to non-green tissues, and it exhibits a significant response to blue-light induction. AcCRY1 demonstrates cytoplasmic localization under blue-light conditions, while it localizes in the nucleus during darkness, indicating a strong dependence on blue-light for its subcellular distribution. In comparison to cry1, overexpression of AcCRY1 leads to a significant shorten in seedling hypocotyl length, notable expansion of cotyledons, and acceleration of flowering time. The yeast two-hybrid experiment demonstrated the in vitro interaction between AcCRY1, AcCOP1, and AcSPA1. Additionally, BIFC analysis confirmed their interaction in Onion epidermis. Notably, under blue-light conditions, a significantly enhanced binding activity was observed compared to dark conditions. These findings establish a functional foundation for the regulatory role of AcCRY1 in important physiological processes of onion and provide initial insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shuting Gai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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20
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Lee S, Huq E. Characterization of PIF4 Phosphorylation by SPA1. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:161-167. [PMID: 38594537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) play pivotal roles in regulating thermo- and photo-morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. One of the main hubs in thermomorphogenesis is PIF4, which regulates plant development under high ambient temperature along with other PIFs. PIF4 enhances its own transcription and PIF4 protein is stabilized under high ambient temperature. However, the mechanisms of thermo-stabilization of PIF4 are less understood. Recently, it was shown that SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 1 (SPA1) can function as a serine/threonine kinase to phosphorylate PIF4 in vitro, and the phosphorylated form of PIF4 is more stable under high ambient temperature conditions. In this chapter, we describe the in vitro kinase assay of PIF4 by SPA1. In principle, this protocol can be applied for other putative substrates and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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21
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Li S, Sun Z, Sang Q, Qin C, Kong L, Huang X, Liu H, Su T, Li H, He M, Fang C, Wang L, Liu S, Liu B, Liu B, Fu X, Kong F, Lu S. Soybean reduced internode 1 determines internode length and improves grain yield at dense planting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7939. [PMID: 38040709 PMCID: PMC10692089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major cereal crops have benefitted from Green Revolution traits such as shorter and more compact plants that permit high-density planting, but soybean has remained relatively overlooked. To balance ideal soybean yield with plant height under dense planting, shortening of internodes without reducing the number of nodes and pods is desired. Here, we characterized a short-internode soybean mutant, reduced internode 1 (rin1). Partial loss of SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA 105 3a (SPA3a) underlies rin1. RIN1 physically interacts with two homologs of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), STF1 and STF2, to promote their degradation. RIN1 regulates gibberellin metabolism to control internode development through a STF1/STF2-GA2ox7 regulatory module. In field trials, rin1 significantly enhances grain yield under high-density planting conditions comparing to its wild type of elite cultivar. rin1 mutants therefore could serve as valuable resources for improving grain yield under high-density cultivation and in soybean-maize intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Milan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuangrong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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22
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Liu Y, Singh SK, Pattanaik S, Wang H, Yuan L. Light regulation of the biosynthesis of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids in plants. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1055. [PMID: 37853112 PMCID: PMC10584869 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of specialized metabolites (SM), including phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids, is stimulated by many environmental factors including light. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in light-stimulated SM biosynthesis at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels of regulation. While several excellent recent reviews have primarily focused on the impacts of general environmental factors, including light, on biosynthesis of an individual class of SM, here we highlight the regulation of three major SM biosynthesis pathways by light-responsive gene expression, microRNA regulation, and posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins. In addition, we present our future perspectives on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Songjiang, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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23
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Bhatnagar A, Burman N, Sharma E, Tyagi A, Khurana P, Khurana JP. Two splice forms of OsbZIP1, a homolog of AtHY5, function to regulate skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:426-447. [PMID: 37300540 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess well-developed light sensing mechanisms and signal transduction systems for regulating photomorphogenesis. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, has been extensively characterized in dicots. In this study, we show that OsbZIP1 is a functional homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HY5 (AtHY5) and is important for light-mediated regulation of seedling and mature plant development in rice (Oryza sativa). Ectopic expression of OsbZIP1 in rice reduced plant height and leaf length without affecting plant fertility, which contrasts with OsbZIP48, a previously characterized HY5 homolog. OsbZIP1 is alternatively spliced, and the OsbZIP1.2 isoform lacking the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)-binding domain regulated seedling development in the dark. Rice seedlings overexpressing OsbZIP1 were shorter than the vector control under white and monochromatic light conditions, whereas RNAi knockdown seedlings displayed the opposite phenotype. While OsbZIP1.1 was light-regulated, OsbZIP1.2 showed a similar expression profile in both light and dark conditions. Due to its interaction with OsCOP1, OsbZIP1.1 undergoes 26S proteasome-mediated degradation under dark conditions. Also, OsbZIP1.1 interacted with and was phosphorylated by CASEIN KINASE2 (OsCK2α3). In contrast, OsbZIP1.2 did not show any interaction with OsCOP1 or OsCK2α3. We propose that OsbZIP1.1 likely regulates seedling development in the light, while OsbZIP1.2 is the dominant player under dark conditions. The data presented in this study reveal that AtHY5 homologs in rice have undergone neofunctionalization, and alternative splicing of OsbZIP1 has increased the repertoire of its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhatnagar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Naini Burman
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Eshan Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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24
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Han H, Dong L, Zhang W, Liao Y, Wang L, Wang Q, Ye J, Xu F. Ginkgo biloba GbbZIP08 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154054. [PMID: 37487356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest relict plant on Earth and an economic plant resource derived from China. Flavonoids extracted from G. biloba are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) have been recognized to play important roles in plant secondary metabolism. In this study, GbbZIP08 was isolated and characterized. It encodes a protein containing 154 amino acids, which belongs to hypocotyl 5 in group H of the bZIP family. Tobacco transient expression assay indicated that GbbZIP08 was localized in the plant nucleus. GbbZIP08 overexpression showed that the contents of total flavonoids, kaempferol, and anthocyanin in transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than those in the wild type. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed significant upregulation of structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, phytohormone signal transduction pathways, such as the abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxin, and jasmonic acid pathways, were enriched with a large number of differentially expressed genes. TFs such as MYB, AP2, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, and bHLH, were also differentially expressed. The above results indicated that GbbZIP08 overexpression promoted flavonoid accumulation and increased the transcription levels of flavonoid-synthesis-related genes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Han
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qijian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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25
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Chen L, Li Q, Wang M, Xiao F, Li K, Yang R, Sun M, Zhang H, Guo J, Chen J, Jiao F. ZmCOP1 Regulates Maize Mesocotyl Length and Plant Height through the Phytohormone Pathways. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1522. [PMID: 37511897 PMCID: PMC10381158 DOI: 10.3390/life13071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphogenesis of crops is critical to their yield performance. COP1 (constitutively photomorphogenic1) is one of the core regulators in plant morphogenesis and has been deeply studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the function of COP1 in maize is still unclear. Here, we found that the mesocotyl lengths of zmcop1 loss-of-function mutants were shorter than those of wild-type B73 in darkness, while the mesocotyl lengths of lines with ZmCOP1 overexpression were longer than those of wild-type B104. The plant height with zmcop1 was shorter than that of B73 in both short- and long-day photoperiods. Using transcriptome RNA sequencing technology, we identified 33 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between B73's etiolated seedlings and those featuring zmcop1, both in darkness. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the plant phytohormone pathways. Our results provide direct evidence that ZmCOP1 functions in the elongation of etiolated seedlings in darkness and affects plant height in light. Our data can be applied in the improvement of maize plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kangshi Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Sub-Center for National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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26
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Fraikin GY, Belenikina NS, Rubin AB. Molecular Bases of Signaling Processes Regulated by Cryptochrome Sensory Photoreceptors in Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:770-782. [PMID: 37748873 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The blue-light sensors, cryptochromes, compose the extensive class of flavoprotein photoreceptors, regulating signaling processes in plants underlying their development, growth, and metabolism. In several algae, cryptochromes may act not only as sensory photoreceptors but also as photolyases, catalyzing repair of the UV-induced DNA lesions. Cryptochromes bind FAD as the chromophore at the photolyase homologous region (PHR) domain and contain the cryptochrome C-terminal extension (CCE), which is absent in photolyases. Photosensory process in cryptochrome is initiated by photochemical chromophore conversions, including formation of the FAD redox forms. In the state with the chromophore reduced to neutral radical (FADH×), the photoreceptor protein undergoes phosphorylation, conformational changes, and disengagement from the PHR domain and CCE with subsequent formation of oligomers of cryptochrome molecules. Photooligomerization is a structural basis of the functional activities of cryptochromes, since it ensures formation of their complexes with a variety of signaling proteins, including transcriptional factors and regulators of transcription. Interactions in such complexes change the protein signaling activities, leading to regulation of gene expression and plant photomorphogenesis. In recent years, multiple papers, reporting novel, more detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of above-mentioned processes were published. The present review mainly focuses on analysis of the data contained in these publications, particularly regarding structural aspects of the cryptochrome transitions into photoactivated states and regulatory signaling processes mediated by the cryptochrome photoreceptors in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey B Rubin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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27
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Xing Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Li J, Zhang J, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Tian J. MPK6-mediated HY5 phosphorylation regulates light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:283-301. [PMID: 36208018 PMCID: PMC9884024 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Light is known to regulate anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in plants on several levels, but the significance of protein phosphorylation in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation needs further investigation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the apple fruit phosphoproteome in response to light, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the differentially phosphorylated proteins, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor, HY5, which has been identified as an anthocyanin regulator, was rapidly activated by light treatment of the fruit. We hypothesized that phosphorylated MdHY5 may play a role in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit. Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase MdMPK6 directly interacted with, and activated, MdHY5 via phosphorylation under light conditions, thereby increasing its stability. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes MdMPK6 or MdHY5 resulted in an inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation, and further showed that light-induced anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on MdMPK6 kinase activity, and is required for maximum MdHY5 activity. Under light conditions, active MdMPK6 phosphorylated MdHY5 leading to accumulation of phospho-MdHY5, which enhanced the binding of MdHY5 to its target anthocyanin related genes in fruit. Our findings reveal an MdMPK6-MdHY5 phosphorylation pathway in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation, providing new insights into the regulation of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Ting Wu
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Song
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
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28
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Wang Q, Zhu Z. Light signaling-mediated growth plasticity in Arabidopsis grown under high-temperature conditions. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:53. [PMID: 37676614 PMCID: PMC10441904 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern around global warming has led to an increase in research focused on plant responses to increased temperature. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of plant adaptation to high ambient temperature and heat stress, emphasizing the roles of plant light signaling in these responses. We summarize how high temperatures regulate plant cotyledon expansion and shoot and root elongation and explain how plants use light signaling to combat severe heat stress. Finally, we discuss several future avenues for this research and identify various unresolved questions within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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29
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Stafen CF, Kleine-Vehn J, Maraschin FDS. Signaling events for photomorphogenic root development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1266-1282. [PMID: 36057533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A germinating seedling incorporates environmental signals such as light into developmental outputs. Light is not only a source of energy, but also a central coordinative signal in plants. Traditionally, most research focuses on aboveground organs' response to light; therefore, our understanding of photomorphogenesis in roots is relatively scarce. However, root development underground is highly responsive to light signals from the shoot and understanding these signaling mechanisms will give a better insight into early seedling development. Here, we review the central light signaling hubs and their role in root growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Fernanda Stafen
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Dos Santos Maraschin
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Salt Stress Response Analysis of the bZIP Transcription Factor Family in Sugar Beet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911573. [PMID: 36232881 PMCID: PMC9569505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, bZIP transcription factors play important regulatory roles in different biological processes, especially in the process of stress response. Salt stress inhibits the growth and yield of sugar beet. However, bZIP-related studies in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) have not been reported. This study aimed to identify the bZIP transcription factors in sugar beet and analyze their biological functions and response patterns to salt stress. Using bioinformatics, 48 BvbZIP genes were identified in the genome of sugar beet, encoding 77 proteins with large structural differences. Collinearity analysis showed that three pairs of BvbZIP genes were fragment replication genes. The BvbZIP genes were grouped according to the phylogenetic tree topology and conserved structures, and the results are consistent with those reported in Arabidopsis. Under salt stress, the expression levels of most BvbZIP genes were decreased, and only eight genes were up-regulated. GO analysis showed that the BvbZIP genes were mainly negatively regulated in stress response. Protein interaction prediction showed that the BvbZIP genes were mainly involved in light signaling and ABA signal transduction, and also played a certain role in stress responses. In this study, the structures and biological functions of the BvbZIP genes were analyzed to provide foundational data for further mechanistic studies and for facilitating the efforts toward the molecular breeding of stress-resilient sugar beet.
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Scandola S, Mehta D, Li Q, Rodriguez Gallo MC, Castillo B, Uhrig RG. Multi-omic analysis shows REVEILLE clock genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and proteasome function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1005-1023. [PMID: 35670757 PMCID: PMC9516735 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to sense changes in their light environments, such as the onset of day and night, as well as anticipate these changes in order to adapt and survive. Central to this ability is the plant circadian clock, a molecular circuit that precisely orchestrates plant cell processes over the course of a day. REVEILLE (RVE) proteins are recently discovered members of the plant circadian circuitry that activate the evening complex and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR genes to maintain regular circadian oscillation. The RVE8 protein and its two homologs, RVE 4 and 6 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), have been shown to limit the length of the circadian period, with rve 4 6 8 triple-knockout plants possessing an elongated period along with increased leaf surface area, biomass, cell size, and delayed flowering relative to wild-type Col-0 plants. Here, using a multi-omics approach consisting of phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics we draw new connections between RVE8-like proteins and a number of core plant cell processes. In particular, we reveal that loss of RVE8-like proteins results in altered carbohydrate, organic acid, and lipid metabolism, including a starch excess phenotype at dawn. We further demonstrate that rve 4 6 8 plants have lower levels of 20S proteasome subunits and possess significantly reduced proteasome activity, potentially explaining the increase in cell-size observed in RVE8-like mutants. Overall, this robust, multi-omic dataset provides substantial insight into the far-reaching impact RVE8-like proteins have on the diel plant cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiaomu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Brigo Castillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Liu S, Zhang L, Gao L, Chen Z, Bie Y, Zhao Q, Zhang S, Hu X, Liu Q, Wang X, Wang Q. Differential photoregulation of the nuclear and cytoplasmic CRY1 in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1332-1346. [PMID: 35094400 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a blue light receptor distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear CRY1, but not cytoplasmic CRY1, mediates blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. However, the photobiochemical mechanisms distinguishing the CRY1 protein in the two subcellular compartments remains unclear. Here we show that the nuclear CRY1, but not the cytoplasmic CRY1, is regulated by phosphorylation, polyubiquitination and 26S proteasome-dependent proteolysis in response to blue light. The blue light-dependent CRY1 degradation is observed only under high fluences of blue light. The nuclear specificity and high fluence dependency of CRY1 explain why this photochemical regulatory mechanism of CRY1 was not observed previously and it further supports the hypothesis that CRY1 is a high light receptor regulating photomorphogenesis. We further show that the nuclear CRY1, but not cytoplasmic CRY1, undergoes blue light-dependent phosphorylation by photoregulatory protein kinase 1 (PPK1) followed by polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cul4COP1/SPAs , resulting in the blue light-dependent proteolysis. Both phosphorylation and ubiquitination of nuclear CRY1 are inhibited by blue-light inhibitor of cryptochromes 1 (BIC1), demonstrating the involvement of photo-oligomerization of the nuclear CRY1. These finding reveals a photochemical mechanism that differentially regulates the physiological activity of the CRY1 photoreceptor in distinct subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ziyin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaxue Bie
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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33
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Ponnu J, Hoecker U. Signaling Mechanisms by Arabidopsis Cryptochromes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844714. [PMID: 35295637 PMCID: PMC8918993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light photoreceptors that regulate growth, development, and metabolism in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), CRY1 and CRY2 possess partially redundant and overlapping functions. Upon exposure to blue light, the monomeric inactive CRYs undergo phosphorylation and oligomerization, which are crucial to CRY function. Both the N- and C-terminal domains of CRYs participate in light-induced interaction with multiple signaling proteins. These include the COP1/SPA E3 ubiquitin ligase, several transcription factors, hormone signaling intermediates and proteins involved in chromatin-remodeling and RNA N6 adenosine methylation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of Arabidopsis CRY signaling in photomorphogenesis and the recent breakthroughs in Arabidopsis CRY research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ute Hoecker
- *Correspondence: Ute Hoecker, , orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-9777
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34
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Li C, Qi L, Zhang S, Dong X, Jing Y, Cheng J, Feng Z, Peng J, Li H, Zhou Y, Wang X, Han R, Duan J, Terzaghi W, Lin R, Li J. Mutual upregulation of HY5 and TZP in mediating phytochrome A signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:633-654. [PMID: 34741605 PMCID: PMC8774092 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome A (phyA) is the far-red (FR) light photoreceptor in plants that is essential for seedling de-etiolation under FR-rich environments, such as canopy shade. TANDEM ZINC-FINGER/PLUS3 (TZP) was recently identified as a key component of phyA signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, how TZP is integrated into the phyA signaling networks remains largely obscure. Here, we demonstrate that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a well-characterized transcription factor promoting photomorphogenesis, mediates FR light induction of TZP expression by directly binding to a G-box motif in the TZP promoter. Furthermore, TZP physically interacts with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting HY5 for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, and this interaction inhibits COP1 interaction with HY5. Consistent with those results, TZP post-translationally promotes HY5 protein stability in FR light, and in turn, TZP protein itself is destabilized by COP1 in both dark and FR light conditions. Moreover, tzp hy5 double mutants display an additive phenotype relative to their respective single mutants under high FR light intensities, indicating that TZP and HY5 also function in largely independent pathways. Together, our data demonstrate that HY5 and TZP mutually upregulate each other in transmitting the FR light signal, thus providing insights into the complicated but delicate control of phyA signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, USA
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Xiao Y, Chu L, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Xiao J, Xu D. HY5: A Pivotal Regulator of Light-Dependent Development in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:800989. [PMID: 35111179 PMCID: PMC8801436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Kang CH, Lee ES, Nawkar GM, Park JH, Wi SD, Bae SB, Chae HB, Paeng SK, Hong JC, Lee SY. Constitutive Photomorphogenic 1 Enhances ER Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910772. [PMID: 34639112 PMCID: PMC8509555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between light signaling and stress response has been recently reported in plants. Here, we investigated the role of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), a key regulator of light signaling, in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in Arabidopsis. The cop1-4 mutant Arabidopsis plants were highly sensitive to ER stress induced by treatment with tunicarmycin (Tm). Interestingly, the abundance of nuclear-localized COP1 increased under ER stress conditions. Complementation of cop1-4 mutant plants with the wild-type or variant types of COP1 revealed that the nuclear localization and dimerization of COP1 are essential for its function in plant ER stress response. Moreover, the protein amount of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which inhibits bZIP28 to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), decreased under ER stress conditions in a COP1-dependent manner. Accordingly, the binding of bZIP28 to the BIP3 promoter was reduced in cop1-4 plants and increased in hy5 plants compared with the wild type. Furthermore, introduction of the hy5 mutant locus into the cop1-4 mutant background rescued its ER stress-sensitive phenotype. Altogether, our results suggest that COP1, a negative regulator of light signaling, positively controls ER stress response by partially degrading HY5 in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Chan Hong
- Correspondence: (J.C.H.); (S.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-1353 (J.C.H.); +82-55-772-1351 (S.Y.L.); Fax: +82-55-759-9363
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Correspondence: (J.C.H.); (S.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-1353 (J.C.H.); +82-55-772-1351 (S.Y.L.); Fax: +82-55-759-9363
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37
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Kerner K, Nagano S, Lübbe A, Hoecker U. Functional comparison of the WD-repeat domains of SPA1 and COP1 in suppression of photomorphogenesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3273-3282. [PMID: 34251043 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis COP1/SPA complex acts as a cullin4-based E3 ubiquitin ligase to suppress photomorphogenesis in darkness. It is a tetrameric complex of two COP1 and two SPA proteins. Both COP1 and SPA are essential for the activity of this complex, and they both contain a C-terminal WD-repeat domain responsible for substrate recruitment and binding of DDB1. Here, we used a WD domain swap-approach to address the cooperativity of COP1 and SPA proteins. We found that expression of a chimeric COP1 carrying the WD-repeat domain of SPA1 mostly complemented the cop1-4-mutant phenotype in darkness, indicating that the WD repeat of SPA1 can replace the WD repeat of COP1. In the light, SPA1-WD partially substituted for COP1-WD. In contrast, expression of a chimeric SPA1 protein carrying the WD repeat of COP1 did not rescue the spa-mutant phenotype. Together, our findings demonstrate that a SPA1-type WD repeat is essential for COP1/SPA activity, while a COP1-type WD is in part dispensible. Moreover, a complex with four SPA1-WDs is more active than a complex with only two SPA1-WDs. A homology model of SPA1-WD based on the crystal structure of COP1-WD uncovered two insertions and several amino acid substitutions at the predicted substrate-binding pocket of SPA1-WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kerner
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Soshichiro Nagano
- Institute for Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annika Lübbe
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Hoecker
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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38
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Kim J, Bordiya Y, Kathare PK, Zhao B, Zong W, Huq E, Sung S. Phytochrome B triggers light-dependent chromatin remodelling through the PRC2-associated PHD finger protein VIL1. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1213-1219. [PMID: 34354260 PMCID: PMC8448934 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for a sessile nature, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sense varying environmental conditions. Phytochromes (phys) are light and temperature sensors that regulate downstream genes to render plants responsive to environmental stimuli1-4. Here, we show that phyB directly triggers the formation of a repressive chromatin loop by physically interacting with VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE1/VERNALIZATION 5 (VIL1/VRN5), a component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)5,6, in a light-dependent manner. VIL1 and phyB cooperatively contribute to the repression of growth-promoting genes through the enrichment of Histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a repressive histone modification. In addition, phyB and VIL1 mediate the formation of a chromatin loop to facilitate the repression of ATHB2. Our findings show that phyB directly utilizes chromatin remodelling to regulate the expression of target genes in a light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yogendra Bordiya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Kathare
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Praat M, De Smet I, van Zanten M. Protein kinase and phosphatase control of plant temperature responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab345. [PMID: 34283227 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. Suboptimal high and low temperatures, and stressful extreme temperatures, induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance and survival, respectively. These processes have been extensively studied at the physiological, transcriptional and (epi)genetic level. Cellular temperature signalling cascades and tolerance mechanisms also involve post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly protein phosphorylation. Many protein kinases are known to be involved in cold acclimation and heat stress responsiveness but research on the role and importance of kinases and phosphatases in triggering responses to mild changes in temperature such as thermomorphogenesis is inadequately understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of kinases and phosphatases in plant temperature responses. We discuss how kinases can function over a range of temperatures in different signalling pathways and provide an outlook to the application of PTM-modifying factors for the development of thermotolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Praat
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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40
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Lee S, Wang W, Huq E. Spatial regulation of thermomorphogenesis by HY5 and PIF4 in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3656. [PMID: 34135347 PMCID: PMC8209091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to high ambient temperature by implementing a suite of morphological changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis. Here we show that the above and below ground tissue-response to high ambient temperature are mediated by distinct transcription factors. While the central hub transcription factor, PHYTOCHROME INTERCTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) regulates the above ground tissue response, the below ground root elongation is primarily regulated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Plants respond to high temperature by largely expressing distinct sets of genes in a tissue-specific manner. HY5 promotes root thermomorphogenesis via directly controlling the expression of many genes including the auxin and BR pathway genes. Strikingly, the above and below ground thermomorphogenesis is impaired in spaQ. Because SPA1 directly phosphorylates PIF4 and HY5, SPAs might control the stability of PIF4 and HY5 to regulate thermomorphogenesis in both tissues. These data collectively suggest that plants employ distinct combination of SPA-PIF4-HY5 module to regulate tissue-specific thermomorphogenesis. Plants undergo morphological changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis when exposed to elevated temperature. Here the authors show that the SPA1 kinase regulates distinct thermomorphogenic responses according to tissue type by interactions with PIF4 and HY5 in shoots and roots, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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41
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Das S, Garhwal V, Gangappa SN. DET1 regulates HY5 through COP1: A new paradigm in the regulation of HY5. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:864-866. [PMID: 34048951 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Garhwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreeramaiah N Gangappa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.
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