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Du Y, Shuai Y, Liu Z, Li H, Yin Y. Astaxanthin Synergizes with Ionizing Radiation (IR) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1220-1228. [PMID: 38103098 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammation functions yet its role in cancers requires more research. This study is aimed to reveal the potential synergetic effect of ATX with ionizing radiation (IR) in OSCC. Cell survival was measured after human OSCC cells including CAL27 and SCC9, and normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) were treated with different concentrations of ATX for 24 h. Colony formation assays were performed after OSCC cells were treated with IR, ATX (20 μ M), or combined and survival fraction was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and intercellular iron levels were measured. Western blot method was used to measure the ferroptosis-related proteins, GPX4, SLC7A11, and ACSL4. In xenograft mice model, we evaluated the tumor volumes, tumor growth, and examined the GPX4/ACSL4 proteins in tumor tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). ATX inhibited viability of OSCC cells but not NHOK. In OSCC cells, ATX further enhanced the cell death induced by IR. In addition, ATX promoted the MDA content, Iron levels but inhibited the GSH regulated by IR in cells. ATX could synergize with IR, further inhibiting GPX4, SLC7A11 and promoting ACSL4 in OSCC cells. In vivo, ATX and IR treatment inhibited OSCC tumor growth and the group with combined treatment showed the most inhibitory effect. GPX4 was inhibited by IR and further inhibited in the combined group while ACSL4 was promoted by IR and enhanced more significantly in the combined group. ATX might synergize with IR treatment in OSCC partly via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Girisa S, Kumar A, Rana V, Parama D, Daimary UD, Warnakulasuriya S, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. From Simple Mouth Cavities to Complex Oral Mucosal Disorders-Curcuminoids as a Promising Therapeutic Approach. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:647-665. [PMID: 33860191 PMCID: PMC8033761 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common encountered health issues worldwide, which are usually associated with anomalies of the oral cavity, jaws, and salivary glands. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities for oral disorders, a limited clinical response has been observed because of the inefficacy of the drugs and countless adverse side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, efficacious, and wide-spectrum therapeutics is imperative in the battle against oral diseases. Curcumin, extracted from the golden spice turmeric, is a well-known natural polyphenol that has been extensively studied for its broad pleiotropic attributes and its ability to modulate multiple biological processes. It is well-documented to target pro-inflammatory mediators like NF-κB, ROS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-2, TGF-β, growth factors, apoptotic proteins, receptors, and various kinases. These properties make curcumin a promising nutraceutical in the treatment of many oral diseases like oral submucous fibrosis, oral mucositis, oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, oral candidiasis, aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, dental caries, periodontitis, and gingivitis. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin alleviates the symptoms of most of the oral complications, including the inhibition of the progression of oral cancer. In this regard, many clinical trials have been completed, and many are ongoing to investigate the "curcumin effect" in oral maladies. Therefore, the current review delineates the mechanistic framework of curcumin's propensity in curbing oral diseases and present outcomes of the clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics that can provide a breakthrough in the clinical management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department
of Oral Medicine, King’s College
London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Medical
Science Cluster, Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo
Lin School of Medicine, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer
Science Institute of Singapore, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- National
University Cancer Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Mahato B, Prodhan C, Mandal S, Dutta A, Kumar P, Deb T, Jha T, Chaudhuri K. Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin along with Lycopene and Piperine in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:531-541. [PMID: 32308333 PMCID: PMC7150573 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_937_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a high-risk premalignant condition of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Complete regression of the disease is still not possible with available treatment modalities. AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin, lycopene, and piperine as a combination in the management of OSMF. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of improvement in clinical parameters (i.e., visual Analog Scale [VAS]) score for burning sensation, mouth opening (MO), mucosal flexibility (MF), and tongue protrusion [TP]). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with OSMF were included in the study; patients were administered with the above-stated drug combination, and clinical parameters were evaluated at regular intervals to compare the pre- and post-treatment measurements. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Paired t-test was done to evaluate significance of the results. RESULTS Highly significant improvement was observed for posttreatment reduction in VAS score for burning sensation and increase in MO (P < 0.001). Significant improvement was also observed in the increase of MF and TP. Posttreatment histopathological evaluation also revealed reepithelialization, indicated by significant increase in the epithelial thickness as found through quantitative image analysis. Immunohistochemical studies with Col1A1 showed decrease in collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study proposes the usage of combination drug therapy for the management of OSMF as an effective and affordable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Mahato
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Oral Health Division, Multidisciplinary Organizations for Technical and Health Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandraday Prodhan
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Samir Mandal
- Oral Health Division, Multidisciplinary Organizations for Technical and Health Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avirup Dutta
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parna Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tushar Deb
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Oral Health Division, Multidisciplinary Organizations for Technical and Health Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Saracoğlu G, Baş H, Pandır D. Furan-induced cardiotoxicity in diabetic rats and protective role of lycopene. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12738. [PMID: 31353562 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this current study is to search the impacts of furan and lycopene on a diabetic rat's heart. Diabetes increases prevalence with a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Furan, a carcinogen, was detected in foods that had undergone thermal treatment. Two groups were formed, such as: the control and diabetic groups. Diabetic groups fall into four allocated groups: control, lycopene, furan, and furan + lycopene. The changes in malondialdehide levels, antioxidant enzymes' activities, and histopathology of the heart were pointed out. We observed that the changes in both the MDA level and the antioxidant enzymes' activities were due to diabetes. Furan-induced increment in MDA levels, but GST, CAT, SOD, and GPx activities showed a decrease. Lycopene influenced these changes positively. In terms of the pathological studies, changes were also observed in diabetic rats. The histological damage in the diabetic furan groups was found to be very serious. Lycopene was protective against furan that caused histopathological changes. Diabetes and furan resulted into heart damages in rats and lycopene showed preventive effects. But this was not a complete protection. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Furan by product of chlorinated chemical compounds production and chemical processes including combustion, are virtually ubiquitous in the environment. Because of this, furan occur potential risk for human health. Furan is known to exist at higher levels in fatty foods, such as full-fat milk and dairy products, meat and eggs. They can accumulate in the fatty tissues of animals and humans. Diabetes increase in the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Diabetes with furan-induced cardiotoxicity. Foods should not be heated over and over again, especially diabetic heart patients should stay away from this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatice Baş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilek Pandır
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Chher T, Hak S, Kallarakkal TG, Durward C, Ramanathan A, Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Harun MH, Ashar NAM, Rajandram RK, Prak P, Hussaini HM, Zain RB. Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:1-15. [PMID: 27781495 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). DESIGN This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field. Sociodemographic and risk habits data were collected via face-to-face interview, whilst presence of OML and clinical details of lesions such as type and site were collected following clinical oral examination by the examiners. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0. The association between risk habits and risk of OPMD was explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1634 subjects were recruited. Prevalence of OML for this population was 54.1%. Linea alba was the most common lesion seen (28.7%). This study showed an overall OPMD prevalence of 5.6%. The most common type of OPMD was leukoplakia (64.8%), followed by lichen planus (30.8%). Subjects who only smoked were found to have an increased risk for OPMD of almost four-fold (RR 3.74, 95%CI 1.89-7.41). The highest risk was found for betel quid chewers, where the increased risk observed was more than six times (RR 6.75, 95%CI 3.32-13.72). Alcohol consumption on its own did not seem to confer an increased risk for OPMD, however when practiced concurrently with smoking, a significant risk of more than five times was noted (RR 5.69 95%CI 3.14-10.29). CONCLUSION The prevalence of OML was 54.1%, with linea alba being the most commonly occurring lesion. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were found to be associated with the prevalence of OPMD, which was 5.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepirou Chher
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Sithan Hak
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Callum Durward
- d Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Puthisastra , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ishak Abdul Razak
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- e Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention , Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Masitah Hayati Harun
- f Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology , School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian , Malaysia
| | - Nor Atika Md Ashar
- g Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Rama Krsna Rajandram
- h Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Pisethraingsey Prak
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Haizal Mohd Hussaini
- i Department of Oral Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Otago , New Zealand
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Borges GÁ, Rêgo DF, Assad DX, Coletta RD, De Luca Canto G, Guerra ENS. In vivoandin vitroeffects of curcumin on head and neck carcinoma: a systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:3-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Álvares Borges
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - Daniela Fortunato Rêgo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - Daniele Xavier Assad
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês; Brasília Brazil
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; School of Dentistry; University of Campinas; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry; Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
- School of Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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7
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Lopez-Jornet P, Gómez-García F, García Carrillo N, Valle-Rodríguez E, Xerafin A, Vicente-Ortega V. Radioprotective effects of lycopene and curcumin during local irradiation of parotid glands in Sprague Dawley rats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:275-9. [PMID: 26830066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy effectively treats cancers of the head and neck. We investigated the possible protective effects of lycopene and curcumin on the parotid glands of 40 female Sprague Dawley rats during irradiation. The study followed European Union regulations 86/609/EEC, 2010/63/EU for animal experimentation. The animals were divided into 4 groups: those treated with curcumin and radiation, those treated with lycopene and radiation, those treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and radiation, and those treated with radiation alone. All compounds were given intraperitoneally the day before irradiation. The total dose of radiation was 20Gy. Morphological and histopathological analyses showed less cell necrosis in the group treated with curcumin than in the other groups, but the difference was not significant. Analysis of structural damage to the parotid ducts and vacuolisation showed significant differences among all groups (p=0.023, p<0.01). Lycopene and curcumin given 24 hours before irradiation reduced the structural damage to the salivary glands. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Xerafin
- Animal Facility Alliance-Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 4-6, Torre R, 4(a) planta, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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8
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Fetoni AR, Paciello F, Mezzogori D, Rolesi R, Eramo SLM, Paludetti G, Troiani D. Molecular targets for anticancer redox chemotherapy and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: the role of curcumin on pSTAT3 and Nrf-2 signalling. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1434-44. [PMID: 26469832 PMCID: PMC4815880 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In oncology, an emerging paradigm emphasises molecularly targeted approaches for cancer prevention and therapy and the use of adjuvant chemotherapeutics to overcome cisplatin limitations. Owing to their safe use, some polyphenols, such as curcumin, modulate important pathways or molecular targets in cancers. This paper focuses on curcumin as an adjuvant molecule to cisplatin by analysing its potential implications on the molecular targets, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), in tumour progression and cisplatin resistance in vitro and the adverse effect ototoxicity in vivo. METHODS The effects of curcumin and/or cisplatin treatment have been evaluated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as in a rat model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by using immunofluorescence, western blot, and functional and morphological analysis. RESULTS This study demonstrates that curcumin attenuates all stages of tumour progression (survival, proliferation) and, by targeting pSTAT3 and Nrf-2 signalling pathways, provides chemosensitisation to cisplatin in vitro and protection from its ototoxic adverse effects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that curcumin can be used as an efficient adjuvant to cisplatin cancer therapy. This treatment strategy in head and neck cancer could mediate cisplatin chemoresistance by modulating therapeutic targets (STAT3 and Nrf2) and, at the same time, reduce cisplatin-related ototoxic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fetoni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - F Paciello
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - D Mezzogori
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - R Rolesi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - S L M Eramo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - D Troiani
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, School of Medicine, Largo F Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
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Grimm M, Cetindis M, Lehmann M, Biegner T, Munz A, Teriete P, Kraut W, Reinert S. Association of cancer metabolism-related proteins with oral carcinogenesis - indications for chemoprevention and metabolic sensitizing of oral squamous cell carcinoma? J Transl Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25048361 PMCID: PMC4110933 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metabolism is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, TKTL1), mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in OSCC cell lines. Metabolism-related proteins were correlated with proliferation activity (Ki-67) and apoptotic properties (TUNEL assay) in OSCC. Specificity of antibodies was confirmed by western blotting in cancer cell lines. Results Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, LDHA, TKTL1), and mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were significantly increased in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Metabolic active regions of OSCC were strongly correlated with proliferating cancer (Ki-67+) cells without detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of the expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, and TKTL1, as well as mitochondrial enzymes SDHA, SDHB, and ATP synthase in the multi-step carcinogenesis of OSCC. Both, hypoxia-related glucose metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation characteristics are associated with the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Acidosis and OXPHOS may drive a metabolic shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore, inhibition of the PPP, glycolysis, and targeted anti-mitochondrial therapies (ROS generation) by natural compounds or synthetic vitamin derivatives may act as sensitizer for apoptosis in cancer cells mediated by adjuvant therapies in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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10
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Trejo-Solís C, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Torres-Ramos M, Jiménez-Farfán D, Cruz Salgado A, Serrano-García N, Osorio-Rico L, Sotelo J. Multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of lycopene in cancer inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:705121. [PMID: 23970935 PMCID: PMC3736525 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in regular dietary intake might prevent and reverse cellular carcinogenesis, reducing the incidence of primary tumours. Bioactive components present in food can simultaneously modulate more than one carcinogenic process, including cancer metabolism, hormonal balance, transcriptional activity, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Some studies have shown an inverse correlation between a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and carotenoids and a low incidence of different types of cancer. Lycopene, the predominant carotenoid found in tomatoes, exhibits a high antioxidant capacity and has been shown to prevent cancer, as evidenced by clinical trials and studies in cell culture and animal models. In vitro studies have shown that lycopene treatment can selectively arrest cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. In vivo studies have revealed that lycopene treatment inhibits tumour growth in the liver, lung, prostate, breast, and colon. Clinical studies have shown that lycopene protects against prostate cancer. One of the main challenges in cancer prevention is the integration of new molecular findings into clinical practice. Thus, the identification of molecular biomarkers associated with lycopene levels is essential for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying its antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Departamentos de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Jose Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Neurobiología Molecular y Celular INNN-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Mónica Torres-Ramos
- Unidad Periferica de NeuroCiencias INNN-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Dolores Jiménez-Farfán
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cruz Salgado
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Neurobiología Molecular y Celular INNN-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Laura Osorio-Rico
- Neuroquimica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Departamentos de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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