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Kolegova ES, Schegoleva AA, Vorobev RS, Fedorova IK, Kulbakin DE, Polyakov AP, Mordovsky AV, Yakovleva LP, Vyalov AS, Tsiklauri VT, Kropotov MA, Suchkova NG, Sukortseva NS, Reshetov IV, Choinzonov EL, Denisov EV. Genetic Features of Tongue Cancer Recurrence in Young Adults. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:359-362. [PMID: 39127975 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
To identify genetic alterations associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults, whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor, recurrence, and whole blood samples from young patients with tongue cancer was performed. A frameshift mutation in the TP53 gene was detected in the primary tumor and recurrence tumor tissue. A mutation in the EPHB6 gene was detected in the recurrence and was absent in the primary tumor. In addition, the primary tumor and recurrence tongue cancer tissue harbored amplification of the 20p13 region containing C20orf96, DEFB125, DEFB126, DEFB127, DEFB128, DEFB129, DEFB132, and ZCCHC3 genes. Thus, genetic alterations have been identified that are associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kolegova
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - A A Schegoleva
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - R S Vorobev
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I K Fedorova
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - D E Kulbakin
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A P Polyakov
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute - Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mordovsky
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute - Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Yakovleva
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Vyalov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - V T Tsiklauri
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kropotov
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Suchkova
- Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N. N. Burdenko, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Sukortseva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Choinzonov
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Role of E2F transcription factor in Oral cancer: Recent Insight and Advancements. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:28-41. [PMID: 36924812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The family of mammalian E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) comprise of 8 members (E2F1-E2F8) classified as activators (E2F1-E2F3) and repressors (E2F4-E2F8) primarily regulating the expression of several genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, mainly in a cell cycle-dependent manner. E2F activity is frequently controlled via the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclins, p53 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, genetic or epigenetic changes result in the deregulation of E2F family genes expression altering S phase entry and apoptosis, an important hallmark for the onset and development of cancer. Although studies reveal E2Fs to be involved in several human malignancies, the mechanisms underlying the role of E2Fs in oral cancer lies nascent and needs further investigations. This review focuses on the role of E2Fs in oral cancer and the etiological factors regulating E2Fs activity, which in turn transcriptionally control the expression of their target genes, thus contributing to cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug/therapy resistance. Further, we will discuss therapeutic strategies for E2Fs, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Bommakanti KK, Abiri A, Han AY, Goshtasbi K, Kuan EC, St John MA. Stage-Specific Survival in Young Patients With Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:398-406. [PMID: 35700039 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine demographic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with survival in young patients (age <45 years) with early- (I-II) or late-stage (III-IV) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database review. SETTING National Cancer Database. METHODS A retrospective review of 3262 OTSCC cases in young patients between 2005 and 2014 was performed by using data from the National Cancer Database. Factors affecting 2-year survival in patients with early- and late-stage disease were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Overall, 1899 patients with early-stage OTSCC and 1363 with late-stage OTSCC were analyzed. In multivariate analysis of early-stage OTSCC, high tumor grade (hazard ratio, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.45-2.99]), local metastasis (2.85 [1.37-5.95]), and tumor size (1.04 [1.02-1.07]) were predictors of mortality. In late-stage OTSCC, African American race (2.79 [1.40-5.56]), positive surgical margins (1.77 [1.07-2.93]), local metastasis (2.20 [1.03-4.72]), distant metastasis (11.66 [2.10-64.73]), depth of invasion (1.03 [1.01-1.05]), and tumor size (1.01 [1.003-1.01]) were predictors of mortality. Subset analysis of clinical N0-stage tumors revealed that treatment with surgery alone was associated with improved survival (P < .001). CONCLUSION Positive lymph nodes, high tumor grade, and larger tumor size were associated with increased mortality risk in early- and late-stage young OTSCC. More aggressive up-front treatment, including extirpative surgery and elective neck dissection, may be associated with improved outcomes and should be considered in early-stage cases with high-risk features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Bommakanti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Albert Y Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khodayar Goshtasbi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Maie A St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Early-onset oral cancer as a clinical entity: aetiology and pathogenesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1497-1509. [PMID: 35487818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important medical and socio-economic problems in many of the developed countries worldwide, due to the high mortality. The incidence of OSCC among individuals under 45 years of age is growing every year; however, the aetiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This review summarizes the available information regarding clinicopathological features, extrinsic and intrinsic aetiological factors, and the molecular and immune landscape of early-onset OSCC. This cancer shows high recurrence rates and is not associated with the aetiological factors specific to adult-onset OSCC. Young adults with OSCC are not infected with human papillomavirus and rarely consume alcohol or tobacco, but more frequently use smokeless tobacco. Data from single studies indicate the hereditary nature of early-onset OSCC: the KIR2DL1+-HLA-C2+ genotype and MMP-1 2 G allele are frequently detected in young patients. Early-onset OSCC shows specific genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes. The tumour microenvironment in early-onset OSCC is tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. All of the data suggest that OSCC in young patients is a separate clinical entity with a specific aetiology and pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to reveal the causes and molecular targets of early-onset OSCC for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Impact of Alternative Splicing Variants on Liver Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010018. [PMID: 35008179 PMCID: PMC8750444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the top ten deadly solid tumors are the two most frequent liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, whose development and malignancy are favored by multifactorial conditions, which include aberrant maturation of pre-mRNA due to abnormalities in either the machinery involved in the splicing, i.e., the spliceosome and associated factors, or the nucleotide sequences of essential sites for the exon recognition process. As a consequence of cancer-associated aberrant splicing in hepatocytes- and cholangiocytes-derived cancer cells, abnormal proteins are synthesized. They contribute to the dysregulated proliferation and eventually transformation of these cells to phenotypes with enhanced invasiveness, migration, and multidrug resistance, which contributes to the poor prognosis that characterizes these liver cancers. Abstract The two most frequent primary cancers affecting the liver, whose incidence is growing worldwide, are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), which are among the five most lethal solid tumors with meager 5-year survival rates. The common difficulty in most cases to reach an early diagnosis, the aggressive invasiveness of both tumors, and the lack of favorable response to pharmacotherapy, either classical chemotherapy or modern targeted therapy, account for the poor outcome of these patients. Alternative splicing (AS) during pre-mRNA maturation results in changes that might affect proteins involved in different aspects of cancer biology, such as cell cycle dysregulation, cytoskeleton disorganization, migration, and adhesion, which favors carcinogenesis, tumor promotion, and progression, allowing cancer cells to escape from pharmacological treatments. Reasons accounting for cancer-associated aberrant splicing include mutations that create or disrupt splicing sites or splicing enhancers or silencers, abnormal expression of splicing factors, and impaired signaling pathways affecting the activity of the splicing machinery. Here we have reviewed the available information regarding the impact of AS on liver carcinogenesis and the development of malignant characteristics of HCC and iCCA, whose understanding is required to develop novel therapeutical approaches aimed at manipulating the phenotype of cancer cells.
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Beltran JF, Viafara-Garcia SM, Labrador AP, Basterrechea J. The Role of Periodontopathogens and Oral Microbiome in the Progression of Oral Cancer. A Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontal disease and oral bacteria dysbiosis can lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations that eventually stimulate Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC). The annual incidence of OSCC is increasing significantly, and almost half of the cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Worldwide there are more than 380,000 new cases diagnosed every year, and a topic of extensive research in the last few years is the alteration of oral bacteria, their compositional changes and microbiome. This review aims to establish the relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and OSCC. Several bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and some Streptococcus species, promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and alteration in the host defense process; these same bacteria have been present in different stages of OSCC. Our review showed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell wall membrane of gram negatives bacteria, were significantly increased in patients with OSCC. Additionally, some bacterial diversity, particularly with Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria species, has been identified in pre-cancerous stage samples. This review suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and more comprehensive periodontal therapy for patients by the dental care professional.
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Benzerdjeb N, Tantot J, Blanchet C, Philouze P, Mekki Y, Lopez J, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: p16/p53 immunohistochemistry as a strong predictor of HPV tumour status. Histopathology 2021; 79:381-390. [PMID: 33560536 DOI: 10.1111/his.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have a better prognosis than those without HPV infection. Although p16INK4a overexpression is used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection, 5-20% of p16-positive OPSCC are described as being unrelated to HPV infection, with worse overall survival compared to OPSCC-related HPV. There is therefore a risk of undertreating a proportion of OPSCC patients falsely considered to be HPV-driven because of p16 positivity. TP53 mutations are highly prevalent in OPSCC driven by mutagens in tobacco and alcohol. We describe herein a combined p16/p53 algorithm to predict HPV tumour status in OPSCC. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 110 OPSCC were identified in the database of the pathology department and were studied using p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry. For p16-positive or p16-negative/wild-type patterns-p53 (WT-p53) cases (n = 63), DNA in-situ hybridisation for high-risk HPV was performed, and if negative the HPV status was controlled by HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 19). A significant association between TP53 mutation and pattern of p53 expression was found (WT-p53, seven of 16, P < 0.001). The p16-positive/WT-p53 was significantly associated with HPV+ tumour status (p16-positive/WT-p53, 50 of 110, P < 0.001). Interestingly, a subset of p16-positive OPSCC was unrelated to HPV (13.5%, eight of 59), and showed mutant-type staining of p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS The p16 protein immunopositivity in conjunction with the mutant-type pattern of p53 staining helped to reclassify a subset of p16-positive OPSCC as OPSCC-unrelated HPV. This approach could be routinely applied by pathologists involved in the management of OPSCC, because of their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Hôpital La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Juliet Tantot
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christophe Blanchet
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Hôpital La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Philouze
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yahia Mekki
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon I, Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Hôpital La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Al-Jamaei AAH, van Dijk BAC, Helder MN, Forouzanfar T, Leemans CR, de Visscher JGAM. A population-based study of the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands 1989-2018, with emphasis on young adults. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:18-26. [PMID: 33773877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increasing trend in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in patients under 45 years of age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of OSCC in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2018 among young adults (age 20-34 years) when compared to adults (age 35-44 years), and to describe the burden in older groups as well, utilizing cancer registry data to characterize incidence patterns by age, sex, and risk factors. A total of 18,963 cases of OSCC were reported. The overall incidence rate, as measured by annual percentage change (APC), increased significantly from 1989 to 2010 by 1.3% per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.7%) but decreased thereafter by -0.9% (95% CI -2.5% to 0.7%). Annual incidence increased significantly by 2.4% (95% CI 1.1-3.8%) for patients aged 20-34 years, while it decreased for those aged 35-44 years by -0.9% (95% CI -1.7% to 0.0%). In patients older than 60 years, incidence rates increased overall (60-74 years: APC 1.8%, 95% CI 1.5-2.1%; ≥75 years: APC 1.5%, 95% CI 1.2-1.9%). Overall, 66.5% of patients were smokers and 65.3% were alcohol consumers. The marked differences in incidence within the young age subgroups warrants further investigation to elucidate any likely disparity in biological process and clinical outcomes in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A H Al-Jamaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC-location VUMC/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B A C van Dijk
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Department of Research and Development, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC-location VUMC/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC-location VUMC/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C R Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC-location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J G A M de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC-location VUMC/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Usman S, Jamal A, Teh MT, Waseem A. Major Molecular Signaling Pathways in Oral Cancer Associated With Therapeutic Resistance. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 1:603160. [PMID: 35047986 PMCID: PMC8757854 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.603160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a sub-category of head and neck cancers that primarily initiates in the oral cavity. The primary treatment option for oral cancer remains surgery but it is associated with massive disfigurement, inability to carry out normal oral functions, psycho-social stress and exhaustive rehabilitation. Other treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have their own limitations in terms of toxicity, intolerance and therapeutic resistance. Immunological treatments to enhance the body's ability to recognize cancer tissue as a foreign entity are also being used but they are new and underdeveloped. Although substantial progress has been made in the treatment of oral cancer, its complex heterogeneous nature still needs to be explored, to elucidate the molecular basis for developing resistance to therapeutic agents and how to overcome it, with the aim of improving the chances of patients' survival and their quality of life. This review provides an overview of up-to-date information on the complex role of the major molecules and associated signaling, epigenetic changes, DNA damage repair systems, cancer stem cells and micro RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance and treatment failure in oral cancer. We have also summarized the current strategies being developed to overcome these therapeutic challenges. This review will help not only researchers but also oral oncologists in the management of the disease and in developing new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Mulder FJ, Klufah F, Janssen FME, Farshadpour F, Willems SM, de Bree R, zur Hausen A, van den Hout MFCM, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Presence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus, but Absence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus, in Head and Neck Cancer of Non-Smokers and Non-Drinkers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:560434. [PMID: 33552950 PMCID: PMC7855709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the presence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and cell cycle proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND). METHODS Clinical characteristics and tumors of 119 NSND with HNSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed on tissue microarrays. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to screen for the presence of HPV and MCPyV mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was performed for expression of p16 as surrogate marker for HPV, Large T-antigen for MCPyV, and cell cycle proteins p53 and pRb. Positive virus results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. For EBV, EBV encoded RNA ISH was performed. Differences in 5-year survival between virus positive and negative tumors were determined by log rank analysis. RESULTS All oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC) (n = 10) were HPV-positive, in addition to one oral (OSCC) and one nasopharyngeal tumor (NPSCC). The other three NPSCC were EBV-positive. MCPyV was not detected. Patients with HPV or EBV positive tumors did not have a significantly better 5-year disease free or overall survival. Over 70% of virus negative OSCC showed mutant-type p53 expression. CONCLUSION In this cohort, all OPSCC and NPSCC showed HPV or EBV presence. Besides one OSCC, all other oral (n = 94), hypopharyngeal (n = 1), and laryngeal (n = 9) tumors were HPV, EBV, and MCPyV negative. This argues against a central role of these viruses in the ethiopathogenesis of tumors outside the oro- and nasopharynx in NSND. So, for the majority of NSND with virus negative OSCC, more research is needed to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms in order to consider targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J. Mulder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Faisal Klufah
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famke M. E. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mari F. C. M. van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M. Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Bahethi RR, Stepan KO, Pinotti R, Li R, Agrawal N, Puram SV, Miles BA, Barber B. Genetic Mutations in Young Nonsmoking Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review. OTO Open 2020; 4:2473974X20970181. [PMID: 33210069 PMCID: PMC7643225 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20970181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation aims to review the known genetic mutations associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in young adults with limited environmental risk factors (YLERs). Data Sources A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify studies in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus from database inception to May 2017 that included adults ≤50 years of age with OCSCC and minimal tobacco use history (≤10 pack-years) who had their tumors genetically sequenced or mutational profiles analyzed. Review Methods Identified articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Quality of evidence was graded by the MINORS criteria for case-control studies; other studies were graded by assigning a level of evidence for gene mutation literature. Results Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria, and 130 patients met our criteria for age and tobacco history. TP53 was the most commonly evaluated gene (10 of 13 studies) and the most frequently observed mutation. One study reported that nonsmokers had significantly fewer TP53 mutations, while 9 studies found no difference in the prevalence of TP53 mutations. No other mutations were found specific to this cohort. Conclusions TP53 mutations may occur at a similar rate in YLERs with OCSCC as compared with older patients or those with risk factors. However, few studies have aimed to characterize the genetic landscape of oral cavity tumors in this population, often with small sample sizes. Future studies are needed to explore unidentified genetic alterations leading to tumor susceptibility or alternative mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Bahethi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katelyn O Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Pinotti
- Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Barber
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Nasser H, St. John MA. The promise of immunotherapy in the treatment of young adults with oral tongue cancer. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:235-242. [PMID: 32337355 PMCID: PMC7178456 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically considered a disease of the older male resulting from cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, more recently we have witnessed a rise in the global incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in younger adults, particularly those without any identifiable risk factor exposure. These patients appear to be at higher overall risk for locoregional treatment failure and often experience a more heterogeneous clinical course, with some afflicted with particularly aggressive, rapidly progressive disease. Recent research efforts have supported the idea that although this disease may be genomically similar in these groups, and molecular differences in the tumor immune microenvironment may account for biological differences between young and older patients, as well as patients with and without exposure to alcohol or tobacco. In this review, we seek to summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of oral tongue carcinoma in the young adult patient and examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression and as a target for novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasser
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer ProgramRonald Reagan Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Maie A. St. John
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer ProgramRonald Reagan Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
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13
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dos Santos Costa SF, Brennan PA, Gomez RS, Fregnani ER, Santos-Silva AR, Martins MD, de Castro-Junior G, Rahimi S, Fonseca FP. Molecular basis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: Is it any different from older patients? J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:541-546. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferreira dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro-Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina; Clinical Oncology; Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Siavash Rahimi
- Department of Histopathology; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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14
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Chor JSY, Vlantis AC, Chow TL, Fung SC, Ng FYH, Lau CH, Chan ABW, Ho LC, Kwong WH, Fung MNS, Lam EWH, Mak KL, Lam HCY, Kok ASY, Ho WCS, Yeung ACM, Chan PKS. The role of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case control study on a southern Chinese population. J Med Virol 2015; 88:877-87. [PMID: 26467027 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HPV plays a role in the development of a portion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but only limited information on its role in southern Chinese population is available. A multicenter case-control study was conducted. HPV type, viral integration, E6/7 mRNA expression status, and TP53 mutation were determined. A total of 228 HNSCC were recruited including 137 (60.1%) oral SCC, 34 (14.9%) oropharyngeal SCC, 31 (13.6%) laryngeal SCC, 21 (9.2%) hypopharyngeal SCC, and 5 (2.2%) lip and paranasal sinus SCC. High-risk HPV infection was found in 7.5% (17/228) of HNSCC, but only a small proportion of samples had evidence of viral integration (5.3%, 12/228) or E6/7 mRNA expression (4.4%, 10/228). HPV infection with oncogenic phenotype (integration and E6/7 mRNA expression) was significantly more common in oropharyngeal SCC than controls (9/34, 26.5% vs. 0/42, 0.0%, P < 0.001). Smoking showed a significant association with HNSCC, oropharyngeal SCC, and laryngeal SCC. TP53 mutation was associated with HNSCC (P < 0.001). Older age, TP53 mutation, and HPV16 infection with oncogenic phenotypes were independently associated factors for HNSCC with odds ratios of 1.03 (1.02-1.05), 3.38 (1.71-6.66), and 9.19 (1.13-74.68), respectively. High-risk HPV infection of head and neck mucosa is not uncommon in the Hong Kong population. This study found that 26-30% of oropharyngeal carcinoma was associated with HPV infection, mostly HPV16, and that smoking which predisposes to TP53 mutations was another important risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette S Y Chor
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alexander C Vlantis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tam-Lin Chow
- Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siu-Chung Fung
- Department of Dentistry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fiona Y H Ng
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi-Hung Lau
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amy B W Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Luen-Cheung Ho
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Hang Kwong
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mandy N S Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eddy W H Lam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwong-Lin Mak
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Holly C Y Lam
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amy S Y Kok
- Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wendy C S Ho
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Apple C M Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer). Recent trends have shown a dramatic rise in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC), with a marked increase in lesions related to human papillomavirus infection. This update presents the latest evidence regarding OC-SCC and OP-SCC. In particular, the authors compare and contrast tumors at these two sites with respect to epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinicopathologic presentation, clinical assessment, imaging, management, and prognosis. It is important for clinicians to be aware of differences between OC-SCC and OP-SCC so that appropriate patient education and multidisciplinary care can be provided to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Chi
- Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Terry A Day
- Professor, Wendy and Keith Wellin Endowed Chair for Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Brad W Neville
- Distinguished University Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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16
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Reyes M, Rojas-Alcayaga G, Pennacchiotti G, Carrillo D, Muñoz JP, Peña N, Montes R, Lobos N, Aguayo F. Human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinomas from Chilean patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:95-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Coordes A, Lenz K, Qian X, Lenarz M, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE. Meta-analysis of survival in patients with HNSCC discriminates risk depending on combined HPV and p16 status. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:2157-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Gupta S, Gupta S. Role of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: A review of the literature. Indian J Dent 2015; 6:91-8. [PMID: 26097339 PMCID: PMC4455162 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses with an affinity for keratinocytes and are principally found in the anogenital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheobronchial and oral mucosa. On the basis of high, but variable frequency of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), malignant potential of HPV infection has been hypothesized but not definitely confirmed. The aim of this review was to highlight the genomic structure and possible mechanism of infection and carcinogenesis by HPV in the oral mucosa and to review the frequency of HPV prevalence in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders. A computer database search was performed through the use of PubMed from 1994 to 2014. Search keywords used were: HPV and oral cancer, HPV and oral leukoplakia, HPV and oral lichen planus, HPV and OSCC, HPV and verrucous carcinoma, HPV and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, HPV and oral papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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19
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Sun W, Califano JA. Sequencing the head and neck cancer genome: implications for therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1333:33-42. [PMID: 25440877 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies now enables the landscape of genetic alterations in HNSCCs to be deciphered. In this review, we describe the mutation spectrum discovered in HNSCCs, especially human papilloma virus-associated and/or tobacco smoke exposure-associated HNSCCs. We also describe related research from two independent investigators and from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Emphasis is placed on the therapeutic implications of genes frequently altered in HNSCCs (i.e., TP53, PIK3CA, and NOTCH1) and their corresponding pathways, with a particular focus on recent findings of Notch signaling pathway activation in HNSCC. We also discuss the application of integrated genomic pathway-based analysis for precision cancer therapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Choby GW, Albergotti WG, Byrd JK, Egloff AM, Johnson JT. Factors contributing to recurrence of oral cavity and laryngeal tumors and estimation of tumor age. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:2297-304. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret W. Choby
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A
| | - William G. Albergotti
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A
| | - James K. Byrd
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A
| | - Jonas T. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh Pennsylvania U.S.A
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21
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Minicucci EM, da Silva GN, Salvadori DMF. Relationship between head and neck cancer therapy and some genetic endpoints. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:93-102. [PMID: 24829856 PMCID: PMC4014801 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common human malignancy worldwide. The main forms of treatment for HNC are surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). However, the choice of therapy depends on the tumor staging and approaches, which are aimed at organ preservation. Because of systemic RT and CT genotoxicity, one of the important side effects is a secondary cancer that can result from the activity of radiation and antineoplastic drugs on healthy cells. Ionizing radiation can affect the DNA, causing single and double-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks and oxidative damage. The severity of radiotoxicity can be directly associated with the radiation dosimetry and the dose-volume differences. Regarding CT, cisplatin is still the standard protocol for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common cancer located in the oral cavity. However, simultaneous treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil or treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin are also used. These drugs can interact with the DNA, causing DNA crosslinks, double and single-strand breaks and changes in gene expression. Currently, the late effects of therapy have become a recurring problem, mainly due to the increased survival of HNC patients. Herein, we present an update of the systemic activity of RT and CT for HNC, with a focus on their toxicogenetic and toxicogenomic effects.
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