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Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Blanc V, Álvarez G, Moncunill-Mira J, Mashala EI, Kasebele Y, Masenga G, Nadal A, León R. Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:772-785. [PMID: 34255399 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data. RESULTS The greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra-amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity may involve the feto-placental unit, and that periodontitis may be a modulating factor of the microbial community present in this niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Álvarez
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Moncunill-Mira
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias I Mashala
- Scholarship Programme for Young African Researchers, Doctoral Programme in Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Coimbra Group of Universities, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yona Kasebele
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard Masenga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Saliem SS, Bede SY, Cooper PR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Abdullah BH. Pathogenesis of periodontitis - A potential role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:268-278. [PMID: 36159185 PMCID: PMC9489739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process comprising cellular and molecular events which result in cells shifting from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Periodontitis is a destructive chronic disease of the periodontium initiated in response to a dysbiotic microbiome, and dominated by Gram-negative bacteria in the subgingival niches accompanied by an aberrant immune response in susceptible subjects. Both EMT and periodontitis share common risk factors and drivers, including Gram-negative bacteria, excess inflammatory cytokine production, smoking, oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. In addition, periodontitis is characterized by down-regulation of key epithelial markers such as E-cadherin together with up-regulation of transcriptional factors and mesenchymal proteins, including Snail1, vimentin and N-cadherin, which also occur in the EMT program. Clinically, these phenotypic changes may be reflected by increases in microulceration of the pocket epithelial lining, granulation tissue formation, and fibrosis. Both in vitro and in vivo data now support the potential involvement of EMT as a pathogenic mechanism in periodontal diseases which may facilitate bacterial invasion into the underlying gingival tissues and propagation of inflammation. This review surveys the available literature and provides evidence linking EMT to periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif S Saliem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salwan Y Bede
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michael R Milward
- ŌSchool of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, B5 7EG Birmingham, UK
| | - Bashar H Abdullah
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 1417, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad, Iraq
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