1
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Goldman DA, Xue KS, Parrott AB, Jeeda RR, Franzese LR, Lopez JG, Vila JCC, Petrov DA, Good BH, Relman DA, Huang KC. Competition for shared resources increases dependence on initial population size during coalescence of gut microbial communities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569120. [PMID: 38076867 PMCID: PMC10705444 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The long-term success of introduced populations depends on their initial size and ability to compete against existing residents, but it remains unclear how these factors collectively shape colonization. Here, we investigate how initial population (propagule) size and resource competition interact during community coalescence by systematically mixing eight pairs of in vitro microbial communities at ratios that vary over six orders of magnitude, and we compare our results to a neutral ecological model. Although the composition of the resulting co-cultures deviated substantially from neutral expectations, each co-culture contained species whose relative abundance depended on propagule size even after ~40 generations of growth. Using a consumer-resource model, we show that this dose-dependent colonization can arise when resident and introduced species have high niche overlap and consume shared resources at similar rates. This model predicts that propagule size will have larger, longer-lasting effects in diverse communities in which niche overlap is higher, and we experimentally confirm that strain isolates show stronger dose dependence when introduced into diverse communities than in pairwise co-culture. This work shows how neutral-like colonization dynamics can emerge from non-neutral resource competition and have lasting effects on the outcomes of community coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doran A. Goldman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine S. Xue
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Autumn B. Parrott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rashi R. Jeeda
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lauryn R. Franzese
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaime G. Lopez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jean C. C. Vila
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dmitri A. Petrov
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Good
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A. Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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2
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Wu ZY, Milne RI, Liu J, Nathan R, Corlett RT, Li DZ. The establishment of plants following long-distance dispersal. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:289-300. [PMID: 36456382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) beyond the range of a species is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary patterns, but insufficient attention has been given to postdispersal establishment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the post-LDD establishment phase in plant colonization, identify six key determinants of establishment success, develop a general quantitative framework for post-LDD establishment, and address the major challenges and opportunities in future research. These include improving detection and understanding of LDD using novel approaches, investigating mechanisms determining post-LDD establishment success using mechanistic modeling and inference, and comparison of establishment between past and present. By addressing current knowledge gaps, we aim to further our understanding of how LDD affects plant distributions, and the long-term consequences of LDD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yuan Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Jie Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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3
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Nicholson DJ, Knell RJ, McCrea RS, Neel LK, Curlis JD, Williams CE, Chung AK, McMillan WO, Garner TWJ, Cox CL, Logan ML. Climate anomalies and competition reduce establishment success during island colonization. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9402. [PMID: 36248670 PMCID: PMC9547383 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that facilitate or constrain establishment of populations in novel environments is crucial for conservation biology and the study of adaptive radiation. Important questions include: (1) Does the timing of colonization relative to stochastic events, such as climatic perturbations, impact the probability of successful establishment? (2) To what extent does community context (e.g., the presence of competitors) change the probability of establishment? (3) How do sources of intrapopulation variance, such as sex differences, affect success at an individual level during the process of establishment? Answers to these questions are rarely pursued in a field-experimental context or on the same time scales (months to years) as the processes of colonization and establishment. We introduced slender anole lizards (Anolis apletophallus) to eight islands in the Panama Canal and tracked them over multiple generations to investigate the factors that mediate establishment success. All islands were warmer than the mainland (ancestral) environment, and some islands had a native competitor. We transplanted half of these populations only 4 months before the onset of a severe regional drought and the other half 2 years (two generations) before the drought. We found that successful establishment depended on both the intensity of interspecific competition and the timing of colonization relative to the drought. The islands that were colonized shortly before the drought went functionally extinct by the second generation, and regardless of time before the drought, the populations on islands with interspecific competition declined continuously over the study period. Furthermore, the effect of the competitor interacted with sex, with males suffering, and females benefitting, from the presence of a native competitor. Our results reveal that community context and the timing of colonization relative to climactic events can combine to determine establishment success and that these factors can generate opposite effects on males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Nicholson
- Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama,Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK,University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael L. Logan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama,University of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
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4
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Alzate A, Onstein RE. Understanding the relationship between dispersal and range size. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2303-2323. [PMID: 36001639 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The drivers of variability in species range sizes remain an outstanding enigma in ecology. The theoretical expectation of a positive dispersal-range size relationship has received mixed empirical support, despite dispersal being one of the most prominent hypothesised predictors of range size. Here, we synthesised results from 86 studies examining the dispersal-range size relationship for plants and animals in marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Overall, our meta-analysis showed that dispersal positively affects range size, but its effect is dependent on the clade and dispersal proxy studied. Moreover, despite potential differences in habitat connectivity, we did not find an effect of realm on the dispersal-range size relationship. Finally, the strength of the dispersal-range size relationship was dependent on latitude, range size metric and the taxonomic breadth of the study clade. Our synthesis emphasizes the importance of developing a mechanistic understanding of the trait to dispersal to range size relationship, considering the complexity of dispersal departure, transfer and settlement, as well as evolutionary components such as time for range expansion, speciation and past geological-environmental dynamics. We, therefore, call for a more integrative view of the dispersal process and its causal relationship with range size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alzate
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Alonso A, Gallego-Narbón A, Coca-de-la-Iglesia M, Monjas D, Medina NG, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Valcárcel V. Climatic niche pre-adaptation facilitated island colonization followed by budding speciation in the Madeiran ivy ( Hedera maderensis, Araliaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935975. [PMID: 35958224 PMCID: PMC9358290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The path followed by species in the colonization of remote oceanic islands ultimately depends on their phylogenetic constraints and ecological responses. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relative role of geographical and ecological forces in the origin and evolution of the Madeiran ivy (Hedera maderensis), a single-species endemic belonging to the western polyploid clade of Hedera. To determine the phylogenetic placement of H. maderensis within the western polyploid clade, we analyzed 40 populations (92 individuals) using genotyping-by-sequencing and including Hedera helix as outgroup. Climatic niche differences among the study species were evaluated using a database with 867 records representing the entire species ranges. To test species responses to climate, 13 vegetative and reproductive functional traits were examined for 70 populations (335 individuals). Phylogenomic results revealed a nested pattern with H. maderensis embedded within the south-western Iberian H. iberica. Gradual niche differentiation from the coldest and most continental populations of H. iberica to the warm and stable coastal population sister to H. maderensis parallels the geographical pattern observed in the phylogeny. Similarity in functional traits is observed for H. maderensis and H. iberica. The two species show leaves with higher specific leaf area (SLA), lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and thickness and fruits with lower pulp fraction than the other western polyploid species H. hibernica. Acquisition of a Macaronesian climatic niche and the associated functional syndrome in mainland European ivies (leaves with high SLA, and low LDMC and thickness, and fruits with less pulp content) was a key step in the colonization of Madeira by the H. iberica/H. maderensis lineage, which points to climatic pre-adaptation as key in the success of island colonization (dispersal and establishment). Once in Madeira, budding speciation was driven by geographical isolation, while ecological processes are regarded as secondary forces with a putative impact in the lack of further in situ diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alonso
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Monjas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Fragata I, Costa-Pereira R, Kozak M, Majer A, Godoy O, Magalhães S. Specific sequence of arrival promotes coexistence via spatial niche pre-emption by the weak competitor. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1629-1639. [PMID: 35596732 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Historical contingency, such as the order of species arrival, can modify competitive outcomes via niche modification or pre-emption. However, how these mechanisms ultimately modify stabilising niche and average fitness differences remains largely unknown. By experimentally assembling two congeneric spider mite species feeding on tomato plants during two generations, we show that order of arrival affects species' competitive ability and changes the outcome of competition. Contrary to expectations, order of arrival did not cause positive frequency dependent priority effects. Instead, coexistence was predicted when the inferior competitor (Tetranychus urticae) arrived first. In that case, T. urticae colonised the preferred feeding stratum (leaves) of T. evansi leading to spatial niche pre-emption, which equalised fitness and reduced niche differences, driving community assembly to a close-to-neutrality scenario. Our study demonstrates how the order of species arrival and the spatial context of competitive interactions may jointly determine whether species can coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Fragata
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raul Costa-Pereira
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariya Kozak
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Department of Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Sara Magalhães
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Paganeli B, Toussaint A, Bueno CG, Fujinuma J, Reier Ü, Pärtel M. Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paganeli
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Junichi Fujinuma
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülle Reier
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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8
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Vedder D, Leidinger L, Sarmento Cabral J. Propagule pressure and an invasion syndrome determine invasion success in a plant community model. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17106-17116. [PMID: 34938496 PMCID: PMC8668767 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of species invasions depends on multiple factors, including propagule pressure, disturbance, productivity, and the traits of native and non-native species. While the importance of many of these determinants has already been investigated in relative isolation, they are rarely studied in combination. Here, we address this shortcoming by exploring the effect of the above-listed factors on the success of invasions using an individual-based mechanistic model. This approach enables us to explicitly control environmental factors (temperature as surrogate for productivity, disturbance, and propagule pressure) as well as to monitor whole-community trait distributions of environmental adaptation, mass, and dispersal abilities. We simulated introductions of plant individuals to an oceanic island to assess which factors and species traits contribute to invasion success. We found that the most influential factors were higher propagule pressure and a particular set of traits. This invasion trait syndrome was characterized by a relative similarity in functional traits of invasive to native species, while invasive species had on average higher environmental adaptation, higher body mass, and increased dispersal distances, that is, had greater competitive and dispersive abilities. Our results highlight the importance in management practice of reducing the import of alien species, especially those that display this trait syndrome and come from similar habitats as those being managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vedder
- Ecosystem Modeling GroupCenter for Computational and Theoretical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ludwig Leidinger
- Ecosystem Modeling GroupCenter for Computational and Theoretical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling GroupCenter for Computational and Theoretical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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9
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Mühlenhaupt M, Baxter-Gilbert J, Makhubo BG, Riley JL, Measey J. Growing up in a new world: trait divergence between rural, urban, and invasive populations of an amphibian urban invader. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.67995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cities are focal points of introduction for invasive species. Urban evolution might facilitate the success of invasive species in recipient urban habitats. Here we test this hypothesis by rearing tadpoles of a successful amphibian urban coloniser and invader in a common garden environment. We compared growth rate, morphological traits, swimming performance, and developmental rate of guttural toad tadpoles (Sclerophrys gutturalis) from native rural, native urban, and non-native urban habitats. By measuring these traits across ontogeny, we were also able to compare divergence across different origins as the tadpoles develop. The tadpoles of non-native urban origin showed significantly slower developmental rate (e.g., the proportion of tadpoles reaching Gosner stage 31 or higher was lower at age 40 days) than tadpoles of native urban origin. Yet, tadpoles did not differ in growth rate or any morphological or performance trait examined, and none of these traits showed divergent ontogenetic changes between tadpoles of different origin. These findings suggest that prior adaptation to urban habitats in larval traits likely does not play an important role in facilitating the invasion success of guttural toads into other urban habitats. Instead, we suggest that evolutionary changes in larval traits after colonization (e.g., developmental rate), together with decoupling of other traits and phenotypic plasticity might explain how this species succeeded in colonising extra-limital urban habitats.
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10
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Liu RL, Yang YB, Lee BR, Liu G, Zhang WG, Chen XY, Song XJ, Kang JQ, Zhu ZH. The dispersal-related traits of an invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata correlate with elevation during range expansion into mountain ranges. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab008. [PMID: 34194688 PMCID: PMC8237851 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting shifts in trait values among populations of an invasive plant is important for assessing invasion risks and predicting future spread. Although a growing number of studies suggest that the dispersal propensity of invasive plants increases during range expansion, there has been relatively little attention paid to dispersal patterns along elevational gradients. In this study, we tested the differentiation of dispersal-related traits in an invasive plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata, across populations at different elevations in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains in central China. Seed mass-area ratio (MAR), an important seed dispersal-related trait, of 45 populations from along an elevational gradient was measured, and genetic variation of 23 populations was quantified using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Individuals from four populations were then planted in a greenhouse to compare their performance under shared conditions. Changing patterns of seed dispersal-related traits and populations genetic diversity along elevation were tested using linear regression. Mass-area ratio of G. quadriradiata increased, while genetic diversity decreased with elevation in the field survey. In the greenhouse, populations of G. quadriradiata sourced from different elevations showed a difference response of MAR. These results suggest that although rapid evolution may contribute to the range expansion of G. quadriradiata in mountain ranges, dispersal-related traits will also likely be affected by phenotypic plasticity. This challenges the common argument that dispersal ability of invasive plants increases along dispersal routes. Furthermore, our results suggest that high-altitude populations would be more effective at seed dispersal once they continue to expand their range downslope on the other side. Our experiment provides novel evidence that the spread of these high-altitude populations may be more likely than previously theorized and that they should thus be cautiously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Qing Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Holenstein K, Simonson WD, Smith KG, Blackburn TM, Charpentier A. Non-native Species Surrounding Protected Areas Influence the Community of Non-native Species Within Them. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.625137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are a key element of global conservation strategies aiming to protect habitats and species from various threats such as non-natives species (NNS) with negative ecological impacts. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which PAs are colonized by NNS, and more specifically the role of colonizing events from surrounding areas. Here, we compared terrestrial and freshwater non-native plants and animals recorded in Norwegian PAs and in 5-km belts around them, using the database of the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Species Map Service. Our analysis included 1,602 NNS and 671 PAs. We found that NNS were recorded in only 23% of the PAs, despite the fact that 90% of the 5-km belts were colonized by at least one NNS. A Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed that the number of NNS in the 5-km belts was a strong explanatory variable of the NNS richness inside PAs. Other significant variables included the surface area of the PA, mean human population density in the PA, main type of habitat and accessibility of PAs. We also observed similarity in the species in and around the PAs, with, on average, two thirds of the NNS present in a specific PA also present in its 5-km belt. Furthermore, NNS were recorded in PAs on average 4.5 years after being recorded in the 0–5 km belts, suggesting a dynamic of rapid colonization from the belts to the PAs. Invasive NNS represented 12% of NNS in the belts but 40% in the PAs. This difference was related to the higher abundance of invasive NNS in the belts. Our results highlight the necessity of expanding the focus of NNS management in PAs beyond their boundaries, in particular to prevent incursions of NNS with high negative ecological impact.
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12
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Matos-Maraví P. An "omics" approach to bridge community ecology and island biogeography. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1592-1595. [PMID: 32248576 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of communities in space and time requires reconciling ecological and evolutionary processes, including colonization, adaptation, speciation and extinction. In practice, this has been challenging because empirical data obtained by traditional methods and predictive models typically focus on particular processes driving local community assembly and biogeographical structure. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, by using phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics approaches, Darwell et al. show that ant community assembly on islands is governed by predictable eco-evolutionary trends of geographical range expansion, adaptive radiation and local population decline. The authors provide one of the most robust lines of evidence that the evolutionary progression of island communities may often be directional and repeatable, as predicted by the concept of taxon cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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