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Elsner AE, Papay JA, Parimi V, Jung HW, Clark CA, Burns SA, Gast TJ. Potential vision tester using adaptive optics, Maxwellian view, and small pupil. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6397-6409. [PMID: 38420313 PMCID: PMC10898563 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a free-space, trolley-mounted potential vision tester (PVT), designed to study and improve the accuracy of visual acuity (VA) measurements in the aging eye. Key features include a high-resolution visual display presented in Maxwellian view, a 3 mm pupil to limit wavefront (WF) aberrations, and a moderate cost deformable mirror to induce or correct higher order optical aberrations. The visual display supported accurate measurement of visual acuities down to 20/5. The moderate cost, piezo deformable mirror induced seven nominal aberrations, calibrated as 0, -0.32, -0.23, + 0.27, and +0.39 microns spherical aberration; + 0.49 microns Y coma; and -0.51 microns X coma. A custom Hartmann Shack (HS) calibration (HSc) system demonstrated that induced aberrations were repeatable and stable. A Badal optometer provided the coarse focus. WF aberrations were measured for five normal subjects with a commercially available HS device (HSP) (OCULUS Pentacam AXL Wave), providing estimates of WF errors for 3 mm and other pupil sizes. VA was measured using four alternative forced-choice for a single black on white E stimulus in each trial. Using the method of constant stimuli yielded robust standard deviation measurements. The 50% fit for VA plotted against induced aberration resulted in linear functions for each subject for the range of our positive and negative spherical aberration data. Subjects differed, but higher order terms were unnecessary to describe data across spherical aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Elsner
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Aeon Imaging, LLC, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA
| | | | - Vamsi Parimi
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Thomas J Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Aeon Imaging, LLC, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA
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2
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Stockman A, Rider AT. Formulae for generating standard and individual human cone spectral sensitivities. COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2023; 48:818-840. [PMID: 38504724 PMCID: PMC10946592 DOI: 10.1002/col.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Normal color perception is complicated. But at its initial stage it is relatively simple, since at photopic levels it depends on the activations of just three photoreceptor types: the long- (L-), middle- (M-) and short- (S-) wavelength-sensitive cones. Knowledge of how each type responds to different wavelengths-the three cone spectral sensitivities-can be used to model human color vision and in practical applications to specify color and predict color matches. The CIE has sanctioned the cone spectral sensitivity estimates of Stockman and Sharpe (Stockman and Sharpe, 2000, Vision Res) and their associated measures of luminous efficiency as "physiologically-relevant" standards for color vision (CIE, 2006; 2015). These LMS cone spectral sensitivities are specified at 5- and 1-nm steps for mean "standard" observers with normal cone photopigments and average ocular transparencies, both of which can vary in the population. Here, we provide formulae for the three cone spectral sensitivities as well as for macular and lens pigment density spectra, all as continuous functions of wavelength from 360 to 850 nm. These functions reproduce the tabulated discrete CIE LMS cone spectral sensitivities for 2-deg and 10-deg with little error in both linear and logarithmic units. Furthermore, these formulae allow the easy computation of non-standard cone spectral sensitivities (and other color matching functions) with individual differences in macular, lens and photopigment optical densities, and with spectrally shifted hybrid or polymorphic L- and M-cone photopigments appropriate for either normal or red-green color vision deficient observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stockman
- Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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3
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de Jong B, Brandi-Dohrn F, van der Meulen IJE, van den Berg TJTP, Wacker K. Diurnal Variation in Straylight in Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and Controls. Cornea 2023; 42:164-171. [PMID: 35120348 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate diurnal changes in intraocular straylight in relation to other corneal parameters and subjective complaints in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and healthy controls. METHODS This is a prospective study conducted in 2 tertiary care hospitals in Germany and the Netherlands. Patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (n = 71) and healthy controls (n = 34) were included. Patients with Fuchs dystrophy were grouped by the presence of subjective complaints and measured over multiple time points during the day. Measurements included intraocular straylight using the C-Quant and corneal thickness and backscatter using a Scheimpflug camera. A separate group of healthy controls was measured intensively with repeated straylight measurements directly after waking. An exponential decay model was used to model the diurnal change. RESULTS Healthy controls showed an average straylight baseline of 1.17 log(s) with an increase in straylight after waking of 0.22 log(s). In the repeated measurements subgroup, the increase in morning straylight lasted for 22 minutes. Patients with Fuchs dystrophy showed a morning increase in straylight of 0.21 log(s) present up to 4 hours after waking before reaching an average baseline of 1.30 log(s). Straylight was positively correlated with anterior corneal backscatter, r = 0.21, P = 0.022, and corneal thickness, r = 0.46, P < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Healthy eyes experience a diurnal straylight increase similar to patients with Fuchs dystrophy in intensity. However, in Fuchs dystrophy, the resolution of increased straylight is prolonged over multiple hours compared with minutes in healthy eyes. This suggests pathological exacerbation of a physiological diurnal change. This mechanism can play a role in subjective complaints experienced by patients with Fuchs dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Katrin Wacker
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; and
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Quinlan RA, Clark JI. Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102537. [PMID: 36174677 PMCID: PMC9638808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human eye, a transparent cornea and lens combine to form the "refracton" to focus images on the retina. This requires the refracton to have a high refractive index "n," mediated largely by extracellular collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma and the highly concentrated crystallin proteins in the cytoplasm of the lens fiber cells. Transparency is a result of short-range order in the spatial arrangement of corneal collagen fibrils and lens crystallins, generated in part by post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, while corneal collagen is remodeled continuously and replaced, lens crystallins are very long-lived and are not replaced and so accumulate PTMs over a lifetime. Eventually, a tipping point is reached when protein aggregation results in increased light scatter, inevitably leading to the iconic protein condensation-based disease, age-related cataract (ARC). Cataracts account for 50% of vision impairment worldwide, affecting far more people than other well-known protein aggregation-based diseases. However, because accumulation of crystallin PTMs begins before birth and long before ARC presents, we postulate that the lens protein PTMs contribute to a "cataractogenic load" that not only increases with age but also has protective effects on optical function by stabilizing lens crystallins until a tipping point is reached. In this review, we highlight decades of experimental findings that support the potential for PTMs to be protective during normal development. We hypothesize that ARC is preventable by protecting the biochemical and biophysical properties of lens proteins needed to maintain transparency, refraction, and optical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - John I Clark
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Hasanreisoglu M, Kesim C, Yalinbas D, Yilmaz M, Uzunay NS, Aktas Z, Halim MS, Sepah YJ, Nguyen QD, Sahin A. Effect of light backscattering from anterior segment structures on automated flare meter measurements. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:2291-2297. [PMID: 34382443 PMCID: PMC10919547 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211039350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate effect of maximal anterior cortical lens density, iris scatter and anterior chamber depth on laser flare photometry. METHODS Patients diagnosed with clinical uveitis were enrolled in the study. Clinical flare gradings were recorded upon the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. Aqueous flare was measured with an automated device (Kowa FM-700). Back-scattering from anterior cortical lens and anterior iris surface was calculated from Scheimpflug images. A curvilinear regression model was used to calculate estimated values for each clinical grade. These values were used to split cases in Group I (laser flare photometry lower than estimated) and Group II (laser flare photometry higher than estimated). Mean anterior chamber depth, pupil aperture, maximal anterior cortical lens density and iris scatter values were compared between two groups. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of clinical flare gradings and ocular parameters on aqueous flare measurements. RESULTS The study included 228 eyes of 114 cases. Scheimpflug images were obtained from 105 eyes. Estimated aqueous flare measurements (in photons/milliseconds) were 4.87, 8.50, 14.81, 25.83, 45.04 and 136.93 for 0, 0.5+, 1+, 1.5+, 2+ and 3+ clinical flare respectively. Group II had higher maximal anterior cortical lens density than Group I (96.6 ± 37.1 vs 77.9 ± 17.1 pixel unit, p = 0.001). The measured aqueous flare was significantly related to clinical flare, maximal anterior cortical lens density and pupil aperture (adjusted R2: 0.480, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The back-scattered light from anterior cortical lens could affect laser flare photometry measurements. This effect might be quantified by Scheimpflug imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Hasanreisoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Kesim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yalinbas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervenur Yilmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Aktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Sohail Halim
- Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Centre, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Spencer Centre for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yasir J Sepah
- Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Centre, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Spencer Centre for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Spencer Centre for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Eye fundus images are used in clinical diagnosis for the detection and assessment of retinal disorders. When retinal images are degraded by scattering due to opacities of the eye tissues, the precise detection of abnormalities is complicated depending on the grading of the opacity. This paper presents a concept proof study on the use of the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) technique for better visualization of eye fundus images for different levels of blurring due to different stages of cataracts. Processing is performed in three different color spaces: RGB, CIELAB and HSV, with the aim of finding which one better enhances the missed diagnostic features due to blur. The experimental results show that some fundus features not observable by naked eye can be detected in some of the space color processed with the proposed method. In this work, we also develop and provide an online image process, which allows clinicians to tune the default parameters of the algorithm for a better visualization of the characteristics of fundus images. It also allows the choice of a region of interest (ROI) within the images that provide better visualization of some features than those enhanced by the processing of the full picture.
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Song MY, Noh SR, Kim KY. Refractive prediction of four different intraocular lens calculation formulas compared between new swept source optical coherence tomography and partial coherence interferometry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251152. [PMID: 33945581 PMCID: PMC8096100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the biometry and prediction of postoperative refractive outcomes of four different formulae (Haigis, SRK/T, Holladay1, Barrett Universal II) obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers and partial coherence interferometry (PCI; IOLMaster ver 5.4). Methods We compared the biometric values of SS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) and PCI (IOLMaster, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Predictive errors calculated using four different formulae (Haigis, SRKT, Holladay1, Barrett Universal II) were compared at 1 month after cataract surgery. Results The mean preoperative axial length (AL) showed no statistically significant difference between SS-OCT and PCI (SS-OCT: 23.78 ± 0.12 mm and PCI: 23.77 ± 0.12 mm). The mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) was 3.30 ± 0.04 mm for SS-OCT and 3.23 ± 0.04 mm for PCI, which was significantly different between the two techniques. The mean corneal curvature also differed significantly between the two techniques. The difference in mean arithmetic prediction error was significant in the Haigis, SRKT, and Holladay1 formulae. The difference in mean absolute prediction error was significant in all four formulae. Conclusions SS-OCT and PCI demonstrated good agreement on biometric measurements; however, there were significant differences in some biometric values. These differences in some ocular biometrics can cause a difference in refractive error after cataract surgery. New type SS-OCT was not superior to the IOL power prediction calculated by PCI.
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Peralta XG, Clary JE, Peterson AM, Noojin GD, Lund BJ, Echeverria FJ, Rockwell BA. Evaluation of the potential eye hazard at visible wavelengths of the supercontinuum generated by an ultrafast NIR laser in water. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1167-1180. [PMID: 33680565 PMCID: PMC7901319 DOI: 10.1364/boe.415044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasers with ultrashort pulse durations have become ubiquitous in various applications, including ocular surgery. Therefore, we need to consider the role of nonlinear optical effects, such as supercontinuum generation during propagation within the ocular media, when evaluating their potential hazard. We used a NIR femtosecond laser to generate a supercontinuum within an artificial eye. We recorded the visible spectra of the supercontinuum generated and calculated the energy contained within the visible band. Our results indicate that for wavelengths between 1350 nm and 1450 nm the energy contained within the visible band of the generated white light supercontinuum may surpass current safety exposure limits, and pose a risk of injury to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph E. Clary
- SAIC, 4141 Petroleum Rd., JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | | | - Gary D. Noojin
- SAIC, 4141 Petroleum Rd., JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Brian J. Lund
- SAIC, 4141 Petroleum Rd., JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Francesco J. Echeverria
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Rd., JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Rockwell
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Rd., JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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9
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Grzybowski A, Markeviciute A, Zemaitiene R. A narrative review of intraocular lens opacifications: update 2020. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1547. [PMID: 33313292 PMCID: PMC7729367 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The opacifications of intraocular lenses (IOLs) can significantly impact patients visual quality. Despite the identification of specific risk factors, manufacturing changes, opacifications are not eliminated. Likewise, more attention in recent studies was paid to possible new risk factors, however one of the most important purposes of the studies remains opacifications effect on visual performance, which could be disturbed in different aspects. The aim of this review is to discuss the main risk factors of IOLs opacification in particular IOL types, and its impact on vision quality. Different risk factors were discussed in the study, including the material of IOLs, the impact of the breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier (BAB), and certain surgeries that can be associated with opacification formation. Glistenings occur more often in a hydrophobic material, however, the changes in water content of the IOLs can significantly reduce the formation of glistenings. The studies showed a significant effect of intraocular injection of exogenous air or gas during Descemet-stripping endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, and pars plana vitrectomy on calcification formation. It raises a concern, as the incidence of these surgeries is increasing. Visual acuity decreases significantly after the calcification in IOLs occurs, and it usually causes IOLs exchange. However, disability glare seems to be more affected in patients with IOLs, which were affected by glistenings than visual acuity. Disability glare is associated with increased levels of straylight, which was widely evaluated in recent studies and it was reported to be a susceptible measurement to detect the presence of IOLs pathology. For future researches, it should be noticed that disability glare and straylight are more appropriate in evaluating IOLs opacification effect on visual quality than visual acuity. While reviewing the main risk factors of IOLs opacifications particular attention must be paid on calcification occurrence in hydrophilic acrylic IOLs after surgeries with intraocular injection of exogenous air or gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agne Markeviciute
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Reda Zemaitiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Eto T, Teikari P, Najjar RP, Nishimura Y, Motomura Y, Kuze M, Higuchi S. A Purkinje image-based system for an assessment of the density and transmittance spectra of the human crystalline lens in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16445. [PMID: 33020575 PMCID: PMC7536217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for rapid and objective assessment of ocular lens density and transmittance is needed for research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Purkinje image-based technique can be used for objective and accurate quantification of spectral density and transmittance of ocular media (the mainly crystalline lens) in visible light. Twenty-six individuals (10 young, 9 middle-aged and 7 older individuals) participated in this study. Spectral lens density was evaluated by detecting the intensity of the IVth Purkinje image for different wavelengths. Subsequently, optical density index (ODI), the area under the curve in the lens density spectrum, was calculated and ODIs were compared with clinical lens opacification scales assessed subjectively using a slit lamp. Spectral lens transmittance was estimated from the lens density spectrum. Lens densities were higher in the short wavelength region of the visible spectrum across all age groups. ODI was highly correlated with the clinical opacification scale, while lens transmittance decreased with aging. Our results showed that spectral transmittance of the human crystalline lens can be easily estimated from optical density spectra evaluated objectively and rapidly using the Purkinje image-based technique. Our results provide clinicians and scientists with an accurate, rapid and objective technique for quantification of lens transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Petteri Teikari
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences ACP (EYE-ACP), SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Motomura
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Manami Kuze
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Matsusaka Central General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan.
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Li B, Wang J, Zhang J. Comparison of the Visual Performance after Implantation of Three Aberration-correcting Aspherical Intraocular Lens. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:333-340. [PMID: 32935593 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1798467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the visual performance after implantation of three aberration-correcting aspherical intraocular lens (IOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-seven eyes of 77 cataract patients were divided into three groups: 26 eyes implanted with a non-constant aberration IOL (LUCIA 601P IOL, Zeiss Company, Germany); 26 eyes implanted with a spherical aberration -0.18μm IOL (CT ASPHINA 509M, Zeiss Company, Germany) and 27 eyes implanted with a spherical aberration -0.27μm IOL (AMO Tecnis ZCB00, Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, USA). Three months after operation, the distance visual acuity, wavefront aberrometry, contrast sensitivity, intraocular stray light, IOL decentration, and tilt were evaluated. RESULTS Three months postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were found in uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity (p≥.83). The RMS for total ocular coma was statistically significantly lower in the Lucia group (p=.03) and spherical aberration was statistically significantly lower in the Tecnis group (p<.01). No statistically significant differences were observed among the three lenses in higher order aberration (p=.85) and in contrast sensitivity under both photopic and mesopic lighting conditions (p≥.05). The intraocular stray light was statistically significantly better in the Lucia group (p=.04). No statistically significant differences were observed with respect to IOL decentration (p=.75) and tilt (p=.89). CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery with non-constant aberration IOL resulted in lower coma and better intraocular stray light than with the spherical aberration -0.18μm and -0.27μm IOLs despite equivalent postoperative levels of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Excellence Eye Hospital , Shenyang, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Key Lenticular Laboratory of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Excellence Eye Hospital , Shenyang, China
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12
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Vlasman JM, van den Berg TJTP, Reus NJ. Straylight due to intraocular lens opacification in a patient with asteroid hyalosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100857. [PMID: 32817906 PMCID: PMC7424163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a rare case of intraocular lens (IOL) calcification in the presence of asteroid hyalosis with in-vivo measurements of straylight before and after treatment. Observations A patient with asteroid hyalosis presented with complaints of disability glare due to calcifications on the posterior surface of the IOL. Straylight, measured with the C-Quant, was 8.2x elevated compared to normal (log(s) 2.08). Dissolution of the posterior face IOL deposits was performed with a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, resulting in a significant decrease in straylight (log(s) 1.76), congruent with the patient's subjective improvement. Conclusions and importance To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a patient with an opacified IOL due to asteroid hyalosis with in-vivo measurements of straylight before and after treatment. It illustrates that awareness of glare complaints in patients with an opacified IOL is important, documentation with C-Quant measurements may be helpful in indicating treatment, evaluating the treatment, and following up the patient, and treatment with a Nd:YAG laser may dissolve the opacifications to a clinically satisfactory level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Vlasman
- Amphia Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Langendijk 75, 4819 EV, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J T P van den Berg
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J Reus
- Amphia Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Langendijk 75, 4819 EV, Breda, the Netherlands
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13
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Consejo A, Alonso-Caneiro D, Wojtkowski M, Vincent SJ. Corneal tissue properties following scleral lens wear using Scheimpflug imaging. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:595-606. [PMID: 32705705 PMCID: PMC7540351 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of short‐term scleral lens wear on the corneal stroma at a macroscopic (thickness) and microscopic (within tissue) level, including regional variations. Methods Fourteen young, healthy participants wore a rotationally symmetric, 16.5 mm diameter, scleral lens for 8 h. Scheimpflug images were captured before, and immediately after, lens wear, and also on a second day (without lens wear) to quantify natural corneal diurnal variations. After corneal segmentation, pixel intensities of the stromal tissue were statistically modelled using a Weibull probability density function from which parameters α and β were derived. Results Both α and β parameters increased significantly following scleral lens wear (by 5.7 ± 10% and 6.5 ± 6.5%, respectively, both p < 0.01). Corneal thickness also increased slightly following lens wear (mean increase 0.49 ± 1.77%, p = 0.01); however, the change in α and β parameters did not correlate with the magnitude of corneal swelling. On the control day, small but significant corneal thinning was observed (−0.82 ± 1.1%, p = 0.03), while α and β parameters remained stable. Both microparameters varied significantly across the cornea, with α decreasing (−15.4 ± 0.7%) and β increasing towards the periphery (+4.4 ± 2.6%) (both p < 0.001). Conclusion Corneal microparameters α and β varied regionally across the cornea and displayed a statistically significant increase following short‐term scleral lens wear, but remained stable between morning and evening measurements taken during a control day without lens wear. These corneal microparameters may be a useful metric to quantify subclinical corneal changes associated with low level hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Consejo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Multi-modal Anterior Eye Imager Combining Ultra-High Resolution OCT and Microvascular Imaging for Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Human Eye. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To establish complementary information for the diagnosis and evaluation of ocular surface diseases, we developed a multi-modal, non-invasive optical imaging platform by combining ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) with a microvascular imaging system based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Our customized UHR-OCT module achieves an axial resolution of ≈2.9 μm in corneal tissue with a broadband light source and an A-line acquisition rate of 24 kHz with a line array CCD camera. The microvascular imaging module has a lateral resolution of 3.5 μm under maximum magnification of ≈187.5× with an imaging rate of 60 frames/s, which is sufficient to image the conjunctival vessel network and record the movement trajectory of clusters of red blood cells. By combining the imaging optical paths of different modules, our customized multi-modal anterior eye imaging platform is capable of performing real-time cross-sectional UHR-OCT imaging of the anterior eye, conjunctival vessel network imaging, high-resolution conjunctival blood flow videography, fluorescein staining and traditional slit-lamp imaging on a single device. With self-developed software, a conjunctival vessel network image and blood flow videography were further analyzed to acquire quantitative morphological and hemodynamics parameters, including vessel fractal dimensions, blood flow velocity and vessel diameters. The ability of our multi-modal anterior eye imager to provide both structural and functional information for ophthalmic clinical applications was demonstrated on a healthy human subject and a keratitis patient.
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Liao X, Haung X, Lan C, Tan Q, Wen B, Lin J, Tian J. Comprehensive Evaluation of Retinal Image Quality in Comparing Different Aspheric to Spherical Intraocular Lens Implants. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1098-1103. [PMID: 31055964 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1615512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the visual and optical quality of eyes implanted with three aspheric versus two spherical intraocular lenses (IOL) after cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective comparative study included 349 eyes of 349 patients with age-related cataract and undergone uneventful phacoemulsification. Implanted posterior monofocal IOLs have an aspheric optic (Tecnis ZCB00 [Johnson & Johnson Vision], Acrysof IQ SN60WF [Alcon], Akreos AO [Bausch & Lomb]) or a spherical optic (Akreos [Bausch & Lomb], Sensar AR40e [Johnson & Johnson Vision]). Postoperatively, objective optical quality parameters were performed using an Optical Quality Analysis System II (Visiometrics), and wave-front aberrations were assessed using a KR-1W aberrometer (Topcon). Meanwhile, subjective visual acuity was performed using a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart at 3 months after cataract surgery. Results: Statistical significant differences (P < .05) across all groups were found regarding intraocular and total ocular spherical aberration (SA) at 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm pupil diameter and total high-order aberration (tHOA) at 6.0 mm pupil diameter. Furthermore, differences among the evaluated groups were observed regarding several objective parameters such as objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio (SR) at two dimensions and contrast visual acuity (OV) at three contrast levels. Conclusions: The present results reflect the optical characteristics of IOL in vivo. The scattering light and high-order aberration may be the main reasons for the degradation of retinal imaging quality in comparing different aspheric to spherical IOL implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Xiuqi Haung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Changjun Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Qingqing Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Baiwei Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan Province , China
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16
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Cuadrado A, Sanchez-Brea LM, Torcal-Milla FJ, Quiroga JA, Gomez-Pedrero JA. Numerical model of the inhomogeneous scattering by the human lens. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2161-2176. [PMID: 31143488 PMCID: PMC6524585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present in this work a numerical model for characterizing the scattering properties of the human lens. After analyzing the scattering properties of two main scattering particles actually described in the literature through FEM (finite element method) simulations, we have modified a Monte Carlo's bulk scattering algorithm for computing ray scattering in non-sequential ray tracing. We have implemented this ray scattering algorithm in a layered model of the human lens in order to calculate the scattering properties of the whole lens. We have tested our algorithm by simulating the classic experiment carried out by Van der Berg et al for measuring "in vitro" the angular distribution of forward scattered light by the human lens. The results show the ability of our model to simulate accurately the scattering properties of the human lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cuadrado
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, C/ Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Sanchez-Brea
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Quiroga
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Indizen Optical Technologies, C/ Suero de Quiñones, 34-36, 3°, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Gomez-Pedrero
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, C/ Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
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Łabuz G, Knebel D, Auffarth GU, Fang H, van den Berg TJ, Yildirim TM, Son HS, Khoramnia R. Glistening Formation and Light Scattering in Six Hydrophobic-Acrylic Intraocular Lenses. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 196:112-120. [PMID: 30189220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the glistening formation in various hydrophobic-acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) models, and to evaluate the effect of glistenings on light scattering in these IOLs. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS The susceptibility of the hydrophobic-acrylic material to develop glistenings was evaluated in 6 IOL models. Accelerated lens aging was induced by immersing the IOLs in a solution at 45 C for 24 hours and cooled to 37 C for 2.5 hours. Light microscopy and image acquisition were performed. Glistening statistics-that is, microvacuoles' (MV) number and size-were derived from image analysis. Light scattering was measured using a clinical device featuring an adaptation for in vitro IOL assessment. RESULTS The number of glistenings differed among the studied IOLs and ranged from 0 to 3532 MV/mm2. In 1 model, glistenings were found only at the periphery, with diffuse light scattering observed centrally despite the absence of microvacuoles. The mean size of glistenings ranged from 5.2 to 10.2 μm. The mean straylight parameter of the IOLs increased from 0.6 to 5.0 deg2/sr after accelerated aging. Straylight elevation demonstrated a proportional relationship with the glistening number. CONCLUSIONS We showed that hydrophobic-acrylic lenses differ in their resistance to glistenings, as one group proved to be glistening-free, but the other models revealed varying grades of glistenings. Moreover, we demonstrated that the presence of glistenings results in increased straylight, and that straylight proportionally depends on the glistenings number irrespective of the IOL model. However, more research is needed to confirm that the relationship we found holds for all hydrophobic-acrylic IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Łabuz
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Knebel
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd U Auffarth
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hui Fang
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jtp van den Berg
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timur M Yildirim
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyeck-Soo Son
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramin Khoramnia
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Papay JA, Elsner AE. Near-infrared polarimetric imaging and changes associated with normative aging. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1487-1495. [PMID: 30183002 PMCID: PMC6640646 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the human retina undergoes cell death and additional structural changes that can increase scattered light. We quantified the effect of normative aging on multiply scattered light returning from the human fundus. As expected, there was an increase of multiply scattered light associated with aging, and this is consistent with the histological changes that occur in the fundus of individuals before developing age-related macular degeneration. This increase in scattered light with aging cannot be attributed to retinal reflectivity, anterior segment scatter, or pupil diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Papay
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ann E. Elsner
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Corresponding author:
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From Presbyopia to Cataracts: A Critical Review on Dysfunctional Lens Syndrome. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:4318405. [PMID: 30050689 PMCID: PMC6040261 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4318405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional lens syndrome (DLS) is a term coined to describe the natural aging changes in the crystalline lens. Different alterations in the refractive properties and transparency of the lens are produced during the development of presbyopia and cataract, such as changes in internal high order aberrations or an increase in ocular forward scattering, with a potentially significant impact on clinical measures, including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Objective technologies have emerged to solve the limits of current methods for the grading of the lens aging, which have been linked to the DLS term. However, there is still not a gold standard or evidence-based clinical guidelines around these new technologies despite multiple research studies have correlated their results with conventional methods such as visual acuity or the lens opacification system (LOCS), with more scientific background around the ocular scattering index (OSI) and Scheimpflug densitometry. In either case, DLS is not a new evidence-based concept that leads to new knowledge about crystalline lens aging but it is a nomenclature change of two existing terms, presbyopia and cataracts. Therefore, this term should be used with caution in the scientific peer-reviewed literature.
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