Melatonin Attenuates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation and Restores the Th17/Treg Immune Balance

Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin disease characterized by abnormally reactive inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Previous studies have shown melatonin (MLT) has powerful anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms that MLT regulates psoriasis-associated skin inflammation remain unclear. Here, in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice, MLT supplementation reduced skin inflammation and corrected the Th17/Treg cell imbalance. Network pharmacology and proteome sequencing analyses revealed that MLT attenuates the inflammatory response in the skin of psoriatic mice by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the data suggest that MLT has a protective effect against psoriasis-like inflammation.

Dual-Aptamer Recognition of DNA Logic Gate Sensor-Based Specific Exosomal Proteins for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer lacks high accuracy due to the weak selection of specific biomarkers along with the circumstance biomarkers localization. Clustering analysis of proteins transported on exosomes enables a more precise screening of effective biomarkers. Herein, through bioinformatics analysis of ovarian cancer and exosome proteomes, two coexpressed proteins, EpCAM and CD24, specifically enriched, were identified, together with the development of an as-derived dual-aptamer targeted exosome-based strategy for ovarian cancer screening. In brief, a DNA ternary polymer with aptamers targeting EpCAM and CD24 was designed to present a logic gate reaction upon recognizing ovarian cancer exosomes, triggering a rolling circle amplification chemiluminescent signal. A dynamic detection range of 6 orders of magnitude was achieved by quantifying exosomes. Moreover, for clinical samples, this strategy could accurately differentiate exosomes from healthy persons, other cancer patients, and ovarian cancer patients, enabling promising in situ detection. By accurately selecting biomarkers and constructing a dual-targeted exosomal protein detection strategy, the limitation of insufficient specificity of traditional protein markers was circumvented. This work contributed to the development of exosome-based prognosis monitoring in ovarian cancer through the identification of disease-specific exosome protein markers.

Advances and Trends of Photoresponsive Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

The development of static hydrogels as an optimal choice for bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains a difficult challenge primarily due to the intricate nature of bone healing processes, continuous physiological functions, and pathological changes. Hence, there is an urgent need to exploit smart hydrogels with programmable properties that can effectively enhance bone regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that photoresponsive hydrogels are promising bioscaffolds for BTE due to their advantages such as controlled drug release, cell fate modulation, and the photothermal effect. Here, we review the current advances in photoresponsive hydrogels. The mechanism of photoresponsiveness and its advanced applications in bone repair are also elucidated. Future research would focus on the development of more efficient, safer, and smarter photoresponsive hydrogels for BTE. This review is aimed at offering comprehensive guidance on the trends of photoresponsive hydrogels and shedding light on their potential clinical application in BTE.

Abnormal cell wall structure caused by boron nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour, resulting in epidemic variation of Asian citrus psyllid

The control of Huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most destructive pests of citrus, relies heavily on the reduction of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. An in-depth understanding of ACP feeding behaviours among citrus plants is urgent for comprehensive management of orchards. An investigation was conducted in 37 citrus orchards in HLB epidemic areas, sampling shoots in the area with aggregation feeding of ACP (ACPf) and shoots in a neighbouring area without ACP feeding (CK), to study the interaction between leaf chemical composition and ACP psyllid feeding behaviours. Results of FTIR showed a strong absorption peak intensity, mainly representing functional groups originating from cell wall components in the leaf with ACP feeding. As compared with the control, cell wall components, such as alkali-soluble pectin, water-soluble pectin, total soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, of the cell wall of ACPf increased by 134.0%, 14.0%, 18.0%, 12.5%, and 20.35%, respectively. These results suggest that cell wall mechanical properties significantly decreased in the term of decreases in pectin performance and cellulose mechanical properties. In addition, there was a remarkably lower boron (B) content in leaves and cell wall components with ACP feeding. Further analysis indicated that leaf B content significantly affected leaf cell wall components. Taken together, we provide evidence to demonstrate that the regional distribution of nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour by weakening the cell wall structure, resulting in epidemic variation in ACP. This could help us to understand the management of psyllid infections in orchards with unbalanced nutrition.

An Aptamer-Based Nanoflow Cytometry Method for the Molecular Detection and Classification of Ovarian Cancers through Profiling of Tumor Markers on Small Extracellular Vesicles

Molecular profiling of protein markers on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is a promising strategy for the precise detection and classification of ovarian cancers. However, this strategy is challenging owing to the lack of simple and practical detection methods. In this work, using an aptamer-based nanoflow cytometry (nFCM) detection strategy, a simple and rapid method for the molecular profiling of multiple protein markers on sEVs was developed. The protein markers can be easily labeled with aptamer probes and then rapidly profiled by nFCM. Seven cancer-associated protein markers, including CA125, STIP1, CD24, EpCAM, EGFR, MUC1, and HER2, on plasma sEVs were profiled for the molecular detection and classification of ovarian cancers. Profiling these seven protein markers enabled the precise detection of ovarian cancer with a high accuracy of 94.2 %. In addition, combined with machine learning algorithms, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF), the molecular classifications of ovarian cancer cell lines and subtypes were achieved with overall accuracies of 82.9 % and 55.4 %, respectively. Therefore, this simple, rapid, and non-invasive method exhibited considerable potential for the auxiliary diagnosis and molecular classification of ovarian cancers in clinical practice.

[Determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography]

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace by gas chromatography. Methods: In January 2022, 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace was collected by activated carbontube, eluted with dichloromethane-methanol (95∶5, V/V), separated by capillary column and determined by gas chromatogram. Results: The limit of detection for 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.04 μg/ml. The linear range of 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.16-1616.60 μg/ml, with the regression equation of y=1.94x-5.48, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99958, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.03 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L). The within-run precisions were 1.08%-1.75% and the between-run precisions were 1.41%-2.52%. The desorption rates were 95.15%-99.91%. The samples could be stored at least 3 days at room temperature and 7 days at 4 ℃ without significant loss. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation. It is suitable for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace.

Research progress on alternative kombucha substrate transformation and the resulting active components

Kombucha is a customary tea-based beverage that is produced through the process of fermenting a mixture of tea and sugar water with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Traditional kombucha has various beneficial effects and can improve immunity. The significant market share of Kombucha can be attributed to the growing consumer inclination towards healthy foods within the functional beverage industry. The research focus has recently expanded from the probiotics of traditional black tea kombucha to encompass other teas, Chinese herbs, plant materials, and alternative substrates. There is a lack of comprehensive literature reviews focusing on substance transformation, functional, active substances, and efficacy mechanisms of alternative kombucha substrates. This article aimed to bridge this gap by providing an in-depth review of the biological transformation pathways of kombucha metabolites and alternative substrates. The review offers valuable insights into kombucha research, including substance metabolism and transformation, efficacy, pharmacological mechanism, and the purification of active components, offering direction and focus for further studies in this field.

Application of Kombucha Fermentation Broth for Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Processes

Treatment for sepsis and its complications in the clinic is primarily in the forms of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidant drugs. Kombucha, a traditional fermented beverage rich in tea polyphenols and organic acids, offers several benefits including bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation ability, and boosting the immune system. Currently, research on kombucha is primarily focused on its antibacterial and antioxidant properties; however, in-depth exploration of the involved mechanisms is lacking. Herein, turmeric, Paeoniae alba, and black tea were used as fermentation substrates to detect the bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities of the fermentation broth and evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The results showed that fermentation enhanced the antibacterial activity of turmeric against E. coli and S. aureus and that of Paeoniae alba against S. aureus. Turmeric black tea exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The fermentation broth of turmeric and turmeric black tea significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPSs. Our results showed that using turmeric and Paeoniae alba culture media as substrates can enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of fermentation broth and provide a new strategy for developing anti-inflammatory substances.

The effect of fibre cell remodelling on the power and optical quality of the lens

Vertebrate eye lenses are uniquely adapted to form a refractive index gradient (GRIN) for improved acuity, and to grow slowly in size despite constant cell proliferation. The mechanisms behind these adaptations remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that cell compaction contributes to both. To test this notion, we examined the relationship between lens size and shape, refractive characteristics and the cross-sectional areas of constituent fibre cells in mice of different ages. We developed a block-face imaging method to visualize cellular cross sections and found that the cross-sectional areas of fibre cells rose and then decreased over time, with the most significant reduction occurring in denucleating cells in the adult lens cortex, followed by cells in the embryonic nucleus. These findings help reconcile differences between the predictions of lens growth models and empirical data. Biomechanical simulations suggested that compressive forces generated from continuous deposition of fibre cells could contribute to cellular compaction. However, optical measurements revealed that the GRIN did not mirror the pattern of cellular compaction, implying that compaction alone cannot account for GRIN formation and that additional mechanisms are likely to be involved.

CHAF1A promotes the proliferation and growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by affecting the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

The molecular mechanism of chromatin assembly factor 1 unit A (CHAF1A) promoting the proliferation and growth of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells hasn't been reported at present. In this study, recombinant CHAF1A siRNA/overexpression plasmid (si-RNA1/pcDNA3.1-CHAF1A) was designed and constructed, and stable cell lines with knockdown or overexpression of CHAF1A were constructed. The changes of JAK2/STAT3 pathway were detected by Western blot. JAK2/STAT3 pathway was inhibited by Peficitinib, and then cell proliferation and growth ability were detected. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that CHAF1A was up-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer. JAK2/STAT3 pathway phosphorylation was inhibited in si-RNA1 group, while it was increased in pcDNA3.1-CHAF1A group. After inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway, the promoting effect of CHAF1A on epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation disappeared, meanwhile the inhibitory effect of CHAF1A on apoptosis enhanced. In conclusion, CHAF1A promotes the proliferation and growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by affecting the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Improving the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins by reducing the affinity of the antibody in acidic pH

BACKGROUND

Immunotoxins are antibody-toxin conjugates that bind to surface antigens and exert effective cytotoxic activity after internalization into tumor cells. Immunotoxins exhibit effective cytotoxicity and have been approved by the FDA to treat multiple hematological malignancies, such as hairy cell leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, most of the internalized immunotoxin is degraded in lysosomes, and only approximately 5% of free toxin escapes into the cytosol to exert cytotoxicity. Many studies have improved immunotoxins by engineering the toxin fragment to reduce immunogenicity or increase stability, but how the antibody fragment contributes to the activity of immunotoxins has not been well demonstrated.

METHODS

In the current study, we used 32A9 and 42A1, two anti-GPC3 antibodies with similar antigen-binding capabilities and internalization rates, to construct scFv-mPE24 immunotoxins and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. Next, the antigen-binding capacity, trafficking, intracellular protein stability and release of free toxin of 32A9 scFv-mPE24 and 42A1 scFv-mPE24 were compared to elucidate their different antitumor activities. Furthermore, we used a lysosome inhibitor to evaluate the degradation behavior of 32A9 scFv-mPE24 and 42A1 scFv-mPE24. Finally, the antigen-binding patterns of 32A9 and 42A1 were compared under neutral and acidic pH conditions.

RESULTS

Although 32A9 and 42A1 had similar antigen binding capacities and internalization rates, 32A9 scFv-mPE24 had superior antitumor activity compared to 42A1 scFv-mPE24. We found that 32A9 scFv-mPE24 exhibited faster degradation and drove efficient free toxin release compared to 42A1 scFv-mPE24. These phenomena were determined by the different degradation behaviors of 32A9 scFv-mPE24 and 42A1 scFv-mPE24 in lysosomes. Moreover, 32A9 was sensitive to the low-pH environment, which made the 32A9 conjugate easily lose antigen binding and undergo degradation in lysosomes, and the free toxin was then efficiently produced to exert cytotoxicity, whereas 42A1 was resistant to the acidic environment, which kept the 42A1 conjugate relatively stable in lysosomes and delayed the release of free toxin.

CONCLUSIONS

These results showed that a low pH-sensitive antibody-based immunotoxin degraded faster in lysosomes, caused effective free toxin release, and led to improved cytotoxicity compared to an immunotoxin based on a normal antibody. Our findings suggested that a low pH-sensitive antibody might have an advantage in the design of immunotoxins and other lysosomal degradation-dependent antibody conjugate drugs.

Engineering Entropy-Driven Nanomachine-Mediated Morphological Evolution of Anisotropic Silver Triangular Nanoplates for Colorimetric and Photothermal Biosensing

A DNA/RNA biosensor capable of single nucleotide variation (SNV) resolution is highly desirable for drug design and disease diagnosis. To meet the point-of-care demand, rapid, cost-effective, and accurate SNV detection is of great significance but still suffers from a challenge. In this work, a unique nonenzymatic dual-modal (multicolorimetric and photothermal) visualization DNA biosensor is first proposed for SNV identification on the basis of an entropy-driven nanomachine with double output DNAs and coordination etching of anisotropic silver triangular nanoplates (Ag TNPs). When the target initiates the DNA nanomachine, the liberated multiple output DNAs can be utilized as a bridge to produce a superparamagnetic sandwich complex. The incoming poly-C DNA can coordinate and etch highly active Ag+ ions at the tips of Ag TNPs, causing a shift in the plasmon peak of Ag TNPs from 808 to 613 nm. The more target DNAs are introduced, the more output DNAs are released and thus the more Ag+ ions are etched. The noticeable color changes of anisotropic Ag TNPs can be differentiated by "naked eye" and accurate temperature reading. The programmable DNA nanotechnology and magnetic extraction grant the high specificity. Also, the SNV detection results can be self-verified by the two-signal readouts. Moreover, the dual-modal biosensor has the advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity. Particularly, the exclusive entropy-driven amplifier liberates double output DNAs to bridge more poly-C DNAs, enabling the dual-modal visualization DNA biosensor with improved sensitivity.

[Long term follow-up evaluation of combined surgery for congenital tibial pseudarthrosis in children]

Objective: To explore the long-term effect of combined surgery for the treatment of congenital tibial pseudarthrosis in children. Methods: The clinical data of 44 children with congenital tibial pseudarthrosis who underwent combined surgery (tibial pseudarthrosis tissue resection, intramedullary rod fixation, Ilizarov external fixator fixation, wrapped autologous iliac bone graft) from August 2007 to October 2011 at the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital were collected retrospectively. There were 33 males and 11 females. The age at the time of surgery was (3.7±2.2)years (range:0.6 to 12.4 years), including 25 cases under 3 years old and 19 cases above 3 years old.Among them, 37 cases were complicated with neurofibromatosis type 1.The operation status, postoperative complications and follow-up results were recorded. Results: The follow-up time after surgery was (10.9±0.7)years (range:10 to 11 years).Thirty-nine out of 44 patients (88.6%) achieved initial healing of tibial pseudarthrosis, with an average healing time of (4.3±1.1)months (range:3 to 10months).In the last follow-up, 36 cases (81.8%) had unequal tibial length, 20 cases (45.4%) had refractures, 18 cases (40.9%) had ankle valgus, 9 cases (20.4%) had proximal tibial valgus, and 11 cases (25.0%) had high arched feet.Nine cases (20.4%) developed distal tibial epiphyseal plate bridging.17 cases (38.6%) had abnormal tibial mechanical axis.Seven cases (15.9%) developed needle infection, and one case (2.3%) developed tibial osteomyelitis. 21 patients (47.7%) had excessive growth of the affected femur.Five patients (11.3%) had ankle stiffness, and 34 patients (77.2%) had intramedullary rod displacement that was not in the center of the tibial medullary cavity.Among them, 8 cases (18.1%) protruded the tibial bone cortex and underwent intramedullary rod removal.18 children have reached skeletal maturity, while 26 children have not been followed up until skeletal maturity. Conclusion: Combined surgery for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in children has a high initial healing rate, but complications such as unequal tibia length, refracture, and ankle valgus occur during long-term follow-up, requiring multiple surgical treatments.

The Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channel Mediates Mechanochemical Transmission in Myopic Eyes

Purpose

To identify the expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in the retina of guinea pigs with form deprivation myopia (FDM) and to investigate mechanisms by which Piezo1 channels might regulate myopia.

Method

Sixty 3-week-old guinea pigs were divided into four groups randomly: normal control, FDM, FDM + vehicle control (DMSO), and FDM + Piezo1 inhibitor (GsMTx4). Measurements of spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) of the guinea pig were taken using retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasound examination, respectively. Location of Piezo1 protein was determined using immunohistochemistry. The histological structure and thickness changes of the guinea pig retina were observed by hematoxylin and eosin. Expression of Piezo1 in the retina was detected using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the retina were measured using flow cytometry.

Result

After 4 weeks of form deprivation, the FDM group exhibited a significantly increased myopic degree and axial length compared with the normal control group (all P < 0.001), and had higher expression levels of Piezo1 and ROS than the normal control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Piezo1 protein expression was down-regulated in guinea pigs given GsMTx4 compared with the DMSO group (P = 0.037). Additionally, the GsMTx4 group showed lower myopic degree (P < 0.001) and lower ROS levels (P = 0.019) compared with the DMSO group.

Conclusions

The Piezo1 channel may be activated in the retinas of FDM guinea pigs and be involved in the development of myopia by regulating intraocular ROS levels.

Long-term follow-up of Janus-kinase inhibitor and novel active disease biomarker in juvenile dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the use of Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) in treating JDM and develop cytokine biomarkers of active disease.

METHODS

This study involved a retrospective cohort study that evaluated JAKi in 101 JDM patients as well as a cross-sectional study of cytokines in 128 JDM patients and 30 controls between November 2017 and December 2021 in the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics (China).

RESULTS

During the median follow-up period of 19 months, 65.5% of the patients had improved rashes, and CAT-BM scores decreased. Overall, 39.6% of JDM patients eliminated glucocorticoids. Muscle strength was improved in all patients who had abnormal muscle strength before JAKi use. Patients and parents provided positive subjective reviews of JAKi, and no serious adverse events were reported. Potential side effects of JAKi included abnormal leukopoenia (14/95) and cough (16/83), which affected over 10% of the JDM patients. In the cytokine analysis, 12/34 cytokines were significantly elevated in active JDM patients. Compared with active JDM patients with multiple phenotypes, active JDM patients with only rashes demonstrated lower cytokine levels. Anti-NXP2-positive active patients had lower cytokine levels compared with those without positive anti-NXP2 antibodies. Among all increased cytokines, IL-1RA changed most dramatically, reaching over 793 times the mean of normal values. We developed a panel composed of six cytokines to differentiate active or stable status in our cohort (area under the curve = 0.8486, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The preliminary evidence suggested that JAKi is a relatively safe and effective alternative for JDM patients. Cytokine profiles could well reflect the inflammatory status of JDM patients.

A Video-Based Augmented Reality System for Human-in-the-Loop Muscle Strength Assessment of Juvenile Dermatomyositis

As the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children, juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is characterized by skin rashes and muscle weakness. The childhood myositis assessment scale (CMAS) is commonly used to measure the degree of muscle involvement for diagnosis or rehabilitation monitoring. On the one hand, human diagnosis is not scalable and may be subject to personal bias. On the other hand, automatic action quality assessment (AQA) algorithms cannot guarantee 100% accuracy, making them not suitable for biomedical applications. As a solution, we propose a video-based augmented reality system for human-in-the-loop muscle strength assessment of children with JDM. We first propose an AQA algorithm for muscle strength assessment of JDM using contrastive regression trained by a JDM dataset. Our core insight is to visualize the AQA results as a virtual character facilitated by a 3D animation dataset, so that users can compare the real-world patient and the virtual character to understand and verify the AQA results. To allow effective comparisons, we propose a video-based augmented reality system. Given a feed, we adapt computer vision algorithms for scene understanding, evaluate the optimal way of augmenting the virtual character into the scene, and highlight important parts for effective human verification. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our AQA algorithm, and the results of the user study demonstrate that humans can more accurately and quickly assess the muscle strength of children using our system.

[Clinicopathological features of patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of patients with RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 1 089 NSCLCs were retrieved at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August 2018 to April 2020. In all cases, multiple gene fusion detection kits (fluorescent PCR method) were used to detect the gene status of RET, EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, BRAF and HER2; and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 and mismatch repair related proteins. The correlation between RET-fusion and patients' age, gender, smoking history, tumor stage, grade, pathologic type, and PD-L1, mismatch repair related protein expression was analyzed. Results: There were 22 cases (2.02%) detected with RET fusion-positive in 1 089 NSCLC patients, in which 11 males and 11 females; and the median age was 63.5 years. There were 20 adenocarcinomas, including 11 acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (APA), five solid predominant adenocarcinoma (SPA) and four lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA); There were one case each of squamous cell carcinoma (non-keratinizing type) and sarcomatoid carcinoma (pleomorphic carcinoma). There were 6 and 16 patients with RET fusion-positive who were in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ respectively, and 16 cases with lymph node metastasis, 11 cases with distant metastasis. Among RET fusion-positive cases, one was detected with HER2 co-mutation. The tumor proportion score of PD-L1≥1% in patients with RET fusion positive lung cancer was 54.5% (12/22). Defects in mismatch repair protein expression were not found in patients with RET fusion positive NSCLC. Four patients with RET fusions positive (two cases of APA and two cases of SPA) received pratinib-targeted therapy, and two showed benefits from this targeted therapy. Conclusions: The histological subtypes of RET fusions positive NSCLC are more likely to be APA or SPA. RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients are associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastases, and they may benefit from targeted therapy with RET-specific inhibitors.

Research Progress of Immuno-Inhibitory Receptors in Gynecological Cervical Cancer

The mortality rate of cervical cancer is the highest among female malignant tumors and seriously threatens women's lives and health. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, which provides the basis for immunotherapy. In recent years, owing to progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the survival time of patients with cervical cancer has been significantly extended. However, effective treatments for advanced, recurrent, and metastatic cancers are lacking. "Tumor immunotherapy" has been described as a viable option for tumor therapy but the efficacy of immunotherapy for cervical cancer has only been demonstrated in phase I or II clinical trials. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising clinical results particularly for treating recurrent and advanced cervical cancer, however, they remain inadequate in some patients. Immune checkpoint is the target of immunotherapy. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is essential. In this paper, the structure, expression, function, biological effect of immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) and related clinical studies were reviewed, in order to further explore the application potential of these immune checkpoints and apply them to the future clinical treatment of cervical cancer.

Increased Sparc release from subchondral osteoblasts promotes articular chondrocyte degeneration under estrogen withdrawal

OBJECTIVE

The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in menopausal women is significantly higher than in same-aged men. Investigating the role of subchondral osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency-induced OA may help elucidate the pathological mechanism, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of menopausal OA.

METHODS

A classical ovariectomy-induced OA (OVX-OA) rat model was utilized to isolate primary articular chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts, which were identified and then cocultured in Transwell. The expression of chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic indicators was evaluated. The differentially expressed proteins in the conditioned medium (CM) of osteoblasts were identified by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Normal chondrocytes were treated with osteoblast CM, and then RNA sequencing was performed on the treated chondrocytes. KEGG was used to identify significant enrichment of signaling pathways, and Simple Western was used to verify the expression of related proteins in the signaling pathways.

RESULTS

Coculture of OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts with chondrocytes significantly downregulated the expression of the anabolic indicators and upregulated the expression of the catabolic indicators in chondrocytes. 1,601 proteins were identified in both normal and OVX osteoblast culture supernatants. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that Sparc was one of the hub proteins. The AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes was downregulated by OVX-OA osteoblasts CM. AICAR, the AMPK agonist, partially reversed the catabolic effect of OVX-OA osteoblasts on chondrocytes.

CONCLUSIONS

Sparc secreted by OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts can downregulate the AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes, thereby promoting chondrocyte degeneration.

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Bupleurum chinense DC Provides Insights Into the Saikosaponin Biosynthesis

Bupleurum chinense DC is a plant widely used in Chinese traditional medicine. Saikosaponins are the major bioactive constituents of B. chinense DC. Saikosaponins biosynthesis in Bupleurum has been more intensively studied than any other metabolic processes or bioactive constituents. However, whole-genome sequencing and chromosome-level assembly for Bupleurum genus have not been reported yet. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome of B. chinense DC. through the integration of PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C sequencing. The genome was phased into haplotype 0 (621.27 Mb with a contig N50 of 16.86 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 92.25 Mb) and haplotype 1 (600.48 Mb with a contig N50 of 23.90 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 102.68 Mb). A total of 45,909 and 35,805 protein-coding genes were predicted in haplotypes 0 and 1, respectively. The enrichment analyses suggested that the gene families that expanded during the evolution of B. chinense DC are involved in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloid, tyrosine, and anthocyanin. Furthermore, we analyzed the genes involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis and determined the candidate P450 and UGT genes in the third stage of saikosaponins biosynthetic, which provided new insight into the saikosaponins biosynthetic. The genomic data provide a valuable resource for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and evolutionary adaptations of B. chinense DC.

Effects of rapeseed meal on laying performance and egg quality in laying ducks

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different varieties of rapeseed meal (RSM) with different concentrations of glucosinolates (Gls) and erucic acid (EA) on performance and egg quality of laying ducks. A total of 576 twenty eight-wk-old laying ducks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. Each treatment had 8 replicates of 18 laying ducks raised in 6 adjacent cages with 3 laying ducks per cage. The control diet was corn soybean meal based without RSM. Three varieties of RSM varying in Gls concentrations were supplemented to the base diet at 10% by substituting soybean meal to formulate the three RSM diets. The experiment lasted 12 wk. Diets with 10% RSM decreased average egg weight (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P = 0.07) compared with the control diet, but there was no significant difference in laying performance among the 3 RSM diets. RSM increased color value (P < 0.05) and crude protein (CP) content (P < 0.05) of yolk compared with the control diet, but had no significant effects on the other egg quality indexes including eggshell strength, albumen height, Haugh unit, and the composition ratio of eggshell, albumen and yolk. RSM decreased total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (P < 0.01) and increased total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0.01) of yolk, but total saturated fatty acids (SFA) proportions and UFA/SFA ratio of egg yolk were not significantly affected by RSM. RSM increased deposition of trimethylamine (TMA) and 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione (5-VOT) in yolk (P < 0.01); moreover, the high Gls RSM increased deposition of TMA (P < 0.01) and 5-VOT in yolk (P < 0.01) compared with the RSM varieties low in Gls. These results suggested that dietary inclusion of 10% RSM decreased egg weight of laying ducks, and affected yolk quality especially yolk color, fatty acid profile, CP, TMA, and 5-VOT content of yolk. Moreover, RSM with higher Gls concentration resulted in higher deposition of TMA and 5-VOT in egg yolk.

Hydrokinetic pancreatic function and insulin secretion are moduled by Cl- uniporter Slc26a9 in mice

AIM

Slc26a9 is a member of the Slc26 multifunctional anion transporter family. Polymorphisms in Slc26a9 are associated with an increased incidence of meconium ileus and diabetes in cystic fibrosis patients. We investigated the expression of Slc26a9 in the murine pancreatic ducts, islets and parenchyma, and elucidated its role in pancreatic ductal electrolyte and fluid secretion and endocrine function.

METHODS

Pancreatic Slc26a9 and CFTR mRNA expression, fluid and bicarbonate secretion were assessed in slc26a9^-/- mice and their age- and sex-matched wild-type (wt) littermates. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed.

RESULTS

Compared with stomach, the mRNA expression of Slc26a9 was low in pancreatic parenchyma, 20-fold higher in microdissected pancreatic ducts than parenchyma, and very low in islets. CFTR mRNA was ~10 fold higher than Slc26a9 mRNA expression in each pancreatic cell type. Significantly reduced pancreatic fluid secretory rates and impaired glucose tolerance were observed in female slc26a9^-/- mice, whereas alterations in male mice did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference was observed in peripheral insulin resistance in slc26a9^-/- compared to sex- and aged-matched wt controls. In contrast, isolated slc26a9^-/- islets in short term culture displayed no difference in insulin content, but a significantly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared to age- and sex-matched wt islets, suggesting that the impaired glucose tolerance in the absence of Slc26a9 expression these is a pancreatic defect.

CONCLUSIONS

Deletion of Slc26a9 is associated with a reduction in pancreatic fluid secretion and impaired glucose tolerance in female mice. The results underline the importance of Slc26a9 in pancreatic physiology.

Tumor suppression via diverting intracellular sialylation with multifunctional nanoparticles

Sialylation plays an important role in tumor-related physiological processes. Therefore, intervention of sialylation has great potential to explore new paths for tumor therapy. In view of the immune modulation of sialic acid (SA) on tumors, this work designs a multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MFMSN) to divert intracellular sialylation for tumor suppression. The galactose groups covered on MFMSN act as sialylation substrates to bind intracellular SAs competitively, which inhibits the SA expression on the tumor cell surface. The diverted intracellular sialylation can be visualized on living cells and in vivo by specifically binding the sialylated galactose with a phenylboronic acid labeled ssDNA probe released from the pore of MFMSN to induce DNA strand displacement, which recovers the fluorescence of the dsDNA probe covered on MFMSN surface. The diverting of sialylation efficiently suppresses tumor growth in mice, demonstrating the great potential of the designed strategy for revealing SA-related biological processes and clinical cancer therapy.

Multifunctional nanoparticles are designed to divert intracellular sialylation, which can suppress tumor growth and be visualized.

CT texture analysis-based nomogram for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma: an external validation cohort study

AIM

To develop a nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) texture analysis for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A dataset of chest CT containing lung nodules was collected from two institutions, and all surgically resected nodules were classified pathologically based on the presence of visceral pleural invasion. Each nodule on the CT image was segmented automatically by artificial-intelligence software and its CT texture features were extracted. The dataset was divided into training and external validation cohorts according to the institution, and a nomogram for predicting visceral pleural invasion was developed and validated.

RESULTS

Of a total of 313 patients enrolled from two independent institutions, 63 were diagnosed with visceral pleural invasion. Three-dimensional (3D) CT long diameter, skewness, and sphericity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified as independent predictors for visceral pleural invasion by multivariable logistic regression. The nomogram based on multivariable logistic regression showed great discriminative ability, as indicated by a C-index of 0.890 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.867-0.914) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.817-0.911) for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively. Additionally, calibration of the nomogram revealed good predictive ability, as indicated by the Brier score (0.108 and 0.100 for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

A nomogram was developed that could compute the probability of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma with good calibration and discrimination. The nomogram has potential as a reliable tool for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

Impact of drinking water supplemented 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid in combination with acidifier on performance, intestinal development, and microflora in broilers

In addition to offering methionine, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa) is also an organic acid and shows excellent bacteriostasis. Therefore, 3 experiments were conducted to determine the influence of drinking water supplemented HMTBa in combination with acidifier on performance, intestinal development, and microflora in broilers. The addition of different concentration (0.02–0.20%) of the blend of HMTBa and other acids significantly reduced the pH of water and exerted antimicrobial activity in dose-dependent manner in vitro. The outcomes from animal trial consisting of the drinking water with blended acidifier at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% indicated that the water with 0.15 or 0.20% acidifier resulted in linear and quadratic higher body weight at 42 d, gain and water consumption during 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, responding to graded blended acidifier in drinking water, birds receiving 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% acidifier decreased the internal pH of gastrointestinal tract and muscle, and exhibited increased duodenal weight, length, villus high, and the ratio of villus high to crypt depth. Drinking water with 0.2% blended acidifier increased the abundance of probiotics (Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) and decreased the account of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrionaceae. Alternations in gut microflora were closely related to the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, and vitamins. These findings, therefore, suggest that drinking water with 0.10 to 0.13% the combination HMTBa with acidifier might benefit to intestinal development and gut microbiota, and the subsequent produce a positive effect on the performance of broilers.

Drug-coated balloon angioplasty for failing haemodialysis access: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BACKGROUND

Arteriovenous fistulas, a major treatment for end-stage kidney disease, frequently require endovascular reinterventions to maintain haemodialysis function. Drug-coated angioplasty balloons (DCBs) were developed with the intention of reducing reintervention rates. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of DCBs in the treatment of failing haemodialysis access.

METHODS

Electronic databases were searched systematically to identify all relevant RCTs and any follow-up studies from RCTs. Pooled estimates of dichotomous outcomes were calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval. Effect data are presented as summary hazard ratio and 95 per cent confidence interval.

RESULTS

Some 19 studies from 18 RCTs and comprising 1898 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with plain balloon angioplasty (PBA), DCB use was associated with higher target-lesion primary patency (HR 0.60, 95 per cent c.i. 0.45 to 0.79), access-circuit primary patency (HR 0.67, 0.56 to 0.80), and less target-lesion revascularization (TLR) within 6 months (OR 0.33, 0.23 to 0.47). No difference was observed between DCB and PBA in 12-month TLR (OR 0.62, 0.28 to 1.37). Mortality after DCB use was similar to that associated with PBA use at 6 months (OR 1.20, 0.65 to 2.21) and 12 months (OR 0.99, 0.66 to 1.49), and was higher at 24 months (23.1 versus 16.6 per cent), although the difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.53, 0.92 to 2.53).

CONCLUSION

Drug-coated balloon angioplasty of haemodialysis fistulas is associated with higher patency rates and lower rates of reintervention in the short to mid term. Although mortality rates appeared to be higher with drug-coated angioplasty at 24 months, this did not reach statistical significance.

Genistein improves systemic metabolism and enhances cold resistance by promoting adipose tissue beiging

Genistein, a naturally occurring phytoestrogen and a member of the large class of compounds known as isoflavones, exerts protective effects in several diseases. Recent studies indicate that genistein plays a critical role in controlling body weight, obesity-associated insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders, but its target organs in reversing obesity and related pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we showed that mice supplemented with 0.2% genistein in a high-fat diet for 12 weeks showed enhanced metabolic homeostasis, including reduced obesity, improved glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. We also observed a beiging phenomenon in the white adipose tissue and reversal of brown adipose tissue whitening in these mice. These changes led to enhanced resistance to cold stress. Altogether, our data suggest that the improved metabolic profile in mice treated with genistein is likely a result of enhanced adipose tissue function.

miR-29a in Exosomes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Fibrosis during Endometrial Repair of Intrauterine Adhesion

Background and Objectives

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an ideal source of stem cells in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion. Exosomes are a type of membrane vesicle and the diameter is 30∼100 nm. Exosomes can take their contents into the target cells, releasing and exerting their functions. In this study, we intend to study the role of human BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exo) in promoting endometrial damage repair in the treatment of IUA.

Methods

We used the magnetic bead affinity method to extract BMSC-Exo and analyzed its biological character. Then we co-cultured the BMSCs-Exo with endometrial cells to detect its effect. We injected BMSCs-Exo into the IUA mouse model. We over-expressed miR-29a in BMSCs-Exo by transient transfection, then used RT-PCR to analyze the expression of the related genes.

Results

BMSCs-Exo expressed exosome-specific proteins CD9, CD63, and CD81. BMSCs-Exo could bring the contents into the target cells. BMSCs-Exo can promote endometrial repair in vitro or in vivo. BMSCs-Exo overexpressing miR-29a can reduce αSMA, Collagen I, SMAD2, and SMAD3.

Conclusions

In this study, we successfully isolated BMSCs-Exo and proved its character and biological activity. BMSCs-Exo can promote cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro and can repair damaged endometrium in the IUA model. The presence of miR-29a in BMSCs-Exo may be an important factor in its resistance to fibrosis during endometrial repair of IUA. This study provides new ideas for the treatment of patients with IUA and has important clinical research significance.

Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) is required for longevity but not for development of zonular fibers

Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP-2) is a major component of arterial and lung tissue and of the ciliary zonule, the system of extracellular fibers that centers and suspends the lens in the eye. LTBP-2 has been implicated previously in the development of extracellular microfibrils, although its exact role remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional structure of the ciliary zonule in wild type mice and used a knockout model to test the contribution of LTBP-2 to zonule structure and mechanical properties. In wild types, zonular fibers had diameters of 0.5-1.0 micrometers, with an outer layer of fibrillin-1-rich microfibrils and a core of fibrillin-2-rich microfibrils. LTBP-2 was present in both layers. The absence of LTBP-2 did not affect the number of fibers, their diameters, nor their coaxial organization. However, by two months of age, LTBP-2-depleted fibers began to rupture, and by six months, a fully penetrant ectopia lentis phenotype was present, as confirmed by in vivo imaging. To determine whether the seemingly normal fibers of young mice were compromised mechanically, we compared zonule stress/strain relationships of wild type and LTBP-2-deficient mice and developed a quasi-linear viscoelastic engineering model to analyze the resulting data. In the absence of LTBP-2, the ultimate tensile strength of the zonule was reduced by about 50%, and the viscoelastic behavior of the fibers was altered significantly. We developed a harmonic oscillator model to calculate the forces generated during saccadic eye movement. Model simulations suggested that mutant fibers are prone to failure during rapid rotation of the eyeball. Together, these data indicate that LTBP-2 is necessary for the strength and longevity of zonular fibers, but not necessarily for their formation.

[Theories and strategies of chronic wound treatment]

In recent years, the incidence of chronic wound has been on the rise. This disease has a high rate of disability and is difficult to treat, therefore its prevention and treatment needs the attention of modern medicine. After decades of development, although advances have been made in the treatment of chronic wounds, many problems still exist. There is still a long way to go to realize the rapid repair of chronic wounds. This paper summarizes the definition of chronic wound, theoretical basis of treatment, and the application of wound dressings and treating techniques, aiming to discuss the theories and strategies of chronic wound treatment with colleagues in this field.

[Comparison of the curative effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent and drug combined with gastroscopy as the secondary prevention of esophageal -gastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension]

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered stent and drug combined with gastroscopy as the secondary prevention of esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension. Methods: Patients with esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding who received TIPS treatment (ePTFE covered stent) or gastroscopy for the first time as the secondary prevention for portal hypertension at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University through March to July 2017 were selected. One year after the operation, liver function changes, ascites remission rates, incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, re-bleeding rate, average hospitalization frequency and expenses, survival time, as well as the TIPS patency conditions were analyzed in the two groups of patients. 2 test, Kaplan-Meier method and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results: There were 74 and 66 cases in the TIPS and the drug combined gastroscopy group and the follow-up duration (14.57 ± 0.79) was 12-16 months. One year after surgery, the remission rate of ascites in the TIPS group was higher 57.1% (32/56) than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group (0), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 2 = 36.73, P < 0.01). The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in the TIPS group was 32.4% (24/74), 37.8% (28/74), 40.5% (30/74), and 40.5% (30/74), respectively. The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in the drug combined gastroscopy group was 3.0% (2/66), 3.0% (2/66), 3.0% (2/66), and 6.1% (4/66), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in the TIPS group was higher than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group (χ(2) = 11.29, P < 0.01). The incidence of severe hepatic encephalopathy ( grade III to IV) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in the TIPS group was 2.7% (2/74), 0, 0, and 0, respectively. The incidence of severe hepatic encephalopathy in drug combined gastroscopy group was 0, and there was no statistically significant difference in development of hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups (P > 0.05). The re-bleeding rates of TIPS group and drug combined gastroscopy group were 0 and 27.3% (18/66), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 22.42, P < 0.01). There was no death reported during the follow-up period between both groups. The hospitalization frequency times (1.45 ± 0.80) in TIPS group was lower than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group times (3.24 ± 1.80), and the difference was statistically significant (U = -4.52, P < 0.01). Conclusion: In the prevention of esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding, TIPS (ePTFE-covered stent) treatment has the advantages of reducing re-bleeding rate, high ascites remission rate and hospitalizations frequency. In addition, patients treated with TIPS have a higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy than that of drugs combined with gastroscopy. However, TIPS did not exacerbate the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, and there was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate after TIPS and drugs combined with gastroscopy treatment.

[Determination of thallium in the urine with colloidal palladium as the matrix modifier by graphite furnace atomic absorption Spectrometry]

Objective: To instruct a method of determining thallium in the urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GF-AAS) with colloidal palladium as the matrix modifier. Methods: Urine samples were first diluted and then determined by GF-AAS with colloidal palladium while using thermal sample injection. Results: The optimum volume of colloidal palladium was 6 μl and the best ashing temperature was 600-800 ℃ while the atomization temperature was 1700-1900 ℃ . This method showed a good linearity relationship when the concentration between 0.33 and 50.0 μg/L while the correlation coefficient of standard curve line was 0.9992, and the detection limit was 0.33 μg/L and the recovery rate was between 92.7% and 102.3% with the intra-day precision in the range of 2.55% to 3.66% and the inter-day precision in the range of 1.77% to 3.85%. Conclusion: This method has the advantages of low detect limit, high sensitivity and good precision, and it can be used in the biological monitoring and emergency detecting of workers exposed to thallium.

Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to a poor understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, there is currently a lack of innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of CE. In this study, the protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 cDNAs revealed numbers of new genes and transcripts, stage-specific genes, and differently expressed genes. Genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor, tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinase, were predominantly up-regulated during the encystation process. Antioxidant enzymes included cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were a high expression level. Intriguingly, KEGG enrichment suggested that differentially up-regulated genes involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway may play important roles in the transport of proteins, carbohydrates, and other substances. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of cystic fluid production during the encystation process, and provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of growth and development of PSCs.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3B is overexpressed and correlates with deteriorated tumor features and unfavorable survival profiles in cervical cancer patients

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to detect the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3B (EIF3B) and investigate its correlation with tumor features and survival in cervical cancer patients.

METHODS

This study retrospectively reviewed 187 cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) patients underwent tumor resection. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of EIF3B in tissue samples. Besides, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. The median follow-up duration was 69 months, and the last follow-up date was 2017/12/31.

RESULTS

EIF3B expression was higher in tumor tissue compared to paired adjacent tissue (45.5% vs. 32.1%, P= 0.015). Besides, EIF3B high expression was associated with higher Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage (P= 0.001) and presence of lymph node metastasis (P= 0.002). As to survival profiles, Kaplan-Meier curves disclosed that DFS (P< 0.001) and OS (P< 0.001) were both shorter in EIF3B high expression group compared to EIF3B low expression group. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis disclosed that EIF3B high expression, pathological grade III (vs I/II) and FIGO Stage III/IV (vs I/II) were independent predictive factors for unfavorable DFS as well as OS in cervical cancer patients (all P value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

EIF3B is overexpressed, and its high expression correlates with higher FIGO Stage, lymph node metastasis and unfavorable survival profiles in cervical cancer patients.

Embedding carbon dots and gold nanoclusters in metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu2

Herein, a dual-emission metal-organic framework based ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe was reported for detecting copper(II) ions. In particular, carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were embedded into ZIF-8 (one of the classical metal-organic frameworks) to form CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites, which exhibited dual-emission peaks at UV excitation. In the presence of Cu²⁺, the fluorescence attributed to AuNCs can be rapidly quenched, while the fluorescence of CDs serves as reference with undetectable changes. Therefore, the CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites were utilized as a ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for sensitive and selective detection of Cu²⁺. A good linear relationship between the ratiometric fluorescence signal of CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 and Cu²⁺ concentration was obtained in the range of 10^-3-10³ μM, and the detection limit was as low as 0.3324 nM. The current ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe showed promising prospects in cost-effective and rapid determination of Cu²⁺ ions with good sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, this nanoprobe has been successfully applied for the quantitative detection of Cu²⁺ in serum samples, indicating its value of practical application. Graphical abstract Carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were embedded into metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8) to form CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites, which exhibited dual-emission peaks at 365 nm excitation. In the presence of Cu²⁺, the fluorescence emission peak at 574 nm can rapidly respond by quenching, while the fluorescence at 462 nm serves as reference with undetectable changes.

LINC00116 enhances cervical cancer tumorigenesis through miR-106a/c-Jun pathway

Some studies imply that LINC00116 is involved in cervical cancer progression; however, the molecular mechanism by which LINC00116 modulating tumorigenesis of cervical cancer remains not clear. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the Western blot approaches were employed to probe genes expression levels. To examine the tumorigenic abilities of cervical cancer cells, MTT assay, Transwell assay, and wound-healing assay were used to investigate proliferation, invasion, and migration of HeLa or C-33A cells. LINC00116 knockdown attenuates cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cells. miR-106a directly binds LINC00116 and regulate each other. Moreover, miR-106a inhibitor remarkably enhanced tumorigenesis of shLINC00116 HeLa cells. Through bioinformatic and dual-luciferase reporter assay, the results showed that miR-106a mimic directly targeted and downregulated the c-Jun. c-Jun overexpression could greatly rescue miR-106a mimic-modulated cervical cancer tumorigenesis. LINC00116 knockdown and miR-106a mimic-modulated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which could be reverted by c-Jun introduction. LINC00116, PD-L1, and JUN were both upregulated in cervical cancer tumors compared to normal tissues. Lower expression levels of LINC00116 and JUN, as well as higher level of miR-106a were closely associated with higher overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Here, we report a novel role for LINC00116 in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer by regulating miR-106a/c-Jun axis. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding cervical cancer and facilitate the development of therapeutical approaches by targeting LINC00116.

[Homosexual behavior and related factors among married men who have sex with men in Mianyang city, Sichuan province]

Objective: To understand the homosexual behavior and related factors among married MSM in Mianyang city. Methods: Between January and October in 2017, a snowball sampling method was adopted to carry out cross-sectional survey through questionnaires plus HIV testing among those MSM in Mianyang city. Logistic regression model was used to analyze homosexual behaviors and related factors among married MSM under study. Statistical analysis was used by EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 19.0 software. Results: A total of 234 MSM participated in this survey. The overall rate of homosexual behavior in these married MSM appeared as 94.9% (222/234). Rate of having anal sex behavior was 94.4% (221/234) in the past 6 months, with rate of condom use as 57.9% (128/221). HIV positive rate was 8.1% (18/222). As for the motives for homosexual behavior after marriage, 87.8% (195/222) were driven by feelings of love, 12.2% (27/222) due to 'releasing pressure'. Proportion of male sex partners would include occasional sex partners (62.2%, 138/222), stable male sex partners (26.1%, 58/222) and stable boyfriends (11.7%, 26/222). Factors from logistic regression analysis showed that homosexual behaviors were related to the factors including education level of senior high school or above vs. education level of junior middle school or below (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 1.33-9.98); local residency over one year vs. the ones having local residency less than one year (OR=23.28, 95%CI:1.67-324.89); having 10 or more friends in the MSM community vs. having below 10 friends in MSM community (OR=4.15, 95%CI: 1.28-13.43); without sex pleasure with spouse vs. having sex pleasure with spouse (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.22-8.62); having 2 or more anal sex partners in the past 6 months vs. having less than 2 anal sex partners in the past 6 months (OR=0.28,95%CI: 0.09-0.81). Conclusions: The rate of homosexual behavior and HIV positive rate were high among MSM in Mianyang city. Homosexual behaviors after marriage were influenced by multiple factors among MSM. The motives of homosexual behavior after marriage were driven by feelings of love, the related factors were education level of senior high school or above, local residency over one year, having 10 or more friends in the MSM community and without sex pleasure with spouse. As for the motives of these behaviors was caused by releasing pressure, the related factors was having more than 2 anal sex partners.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Retinal Image Quality in Comparing Different Aspheric to Spherical Intraocular Lens Implants

Purpose: To compare the visual and optical quality of eyes implanted with three aspheric versus two spherical intraocular lenses (IOL) after cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective comparative study included 349 eyes of 349 patients with age-related cataract and undergone uneventful phacoemulsification. Implanted posterior monofocal IOLs have an aspheric optic (Tecnis ZCB00 [Johnson & Johnson Vision], Acrysof IQ SN60WF [Alcon], Akreos AO [Bausch & Lomb]) or a spherical optic (Akreos [Bausch & Lomb], Sensar AR40e [Johnson & Johnson Vision]). Postoperatively, objective optical quality parameters were performed using an Optical Quality Analysis System II (Visiometrics), and wave-front aberrations were assessed using a KR-1W aberrometer (Topcon). Meanwhile, subjective visual acuity was performed using a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart at 3 months after cataract surgery. Results: Statistical significant differences (P < .05) across all groups were found regarding intraocular and total ocular spherical aberration (SA) at 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm pupil diameter and total high-order aberration (tHOA) at 6.0 mm pupil diameter. Furthermore, differences among the evaluated groups were observed regarding several objective parameters such as objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio (SR) at two dimensions and contrast visual acuity (OV) at three contrast levels. Conclusions: The present results reflect the optical characteristics of IOL in vivo. The scattering light and high-order aberration may be the main reasons for the degradation of retinal imaging quality in comparing different aspheric to spherical IOL implants.

Evaluation of Visual Quality in Pseudophakic Eyes with Different Ocular Spherical Aberrations

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different residual total ocular spherical aberration (SA) on objective and subjective visual quality in pseudophakic eyes. Methods: This prospective consecutive study comprised 171 patients with age-related cataract and undergone unilateral uneventful phacoemulsification. All participants were divided into four groups based on residual ocular SA at 6 mm pupil: negative SA (≤-0.10 μm, group A), neutral SA (0.00 ± 0.05 μm, group B), slightly positive SA (0.10 ± 0.05 μm, group C), and more positive SA (0.20 μm, group D), respectively. Subjective visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, and objective optical quality and ocular aberrations were analyzed 3 months postoperatively. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline measurements across all groups. Postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were found in visual acuity between groups (P > .05), while differences reached statistical significance in mesopic contrast sensitivity at 12 and 18 cpd (P < .01). There were significant differences in ocular SA and higher-order aberrations at 6 mm pupil, as well as in optical quality parameters (P < .05). Group C showed a minimum value of objective scatter index (1.17 ± 0.55) but maximum values of modulation transfer function cutoff (31.94 ± 9.18) and optical quality value OV 100% (1.07 ± 0.31), indicating lower intraocular scattering and superior optical quality. Conclusions: This comprehensive evaluation is conducive to deepening the understanding of visual and optical performance of pseudophakic eye. A modest amount of positive ocular SA seemed to be a more preferable option for enhancing visual quality after aspheric ntraocular lense (IOL) implantation.

[Early diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with skin and soft tissue defects after trauma]

Objective: To investigate the early diagnosis method of pulmonary embolism in patients with skin and soft tissue defects after trauma. Methods: From January 2011 to July 2014, 5 patients with skin and soft tissue defects and pulmonary embolism after trauma were admitted to Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, including 4 males and 1 female, aged 26-68 years. The medical records of the 5 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Hierarchical screening of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism was performed after admission for 4-45 days. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was performed immediately in 2 patients who had hemodynamic disorder and were able to tolerate CTPA, and pulmonary embolism was confirmed. Clinical risk assessment was conducted for the other 3 patients who had no obvious hemodynamic disorder and only had clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism such as chest tightness and dyspnea. Among the 3 patients, two of them were assessed as high risk possibility by clinical risk assessment and diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by CTPA immediately. The other one patient's clinical risk assessment was moderate risk possibility, but D-dimer was positive, and the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by CTPA immediately. Wound exudation of all patients was collected within 1 week after admission for microbial culture, and wound debridement and skin grafting were performed according to the wound condition. The color Doppler ultrasonography of blood vessel on lower extremity was performed to determine deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after appearance of symptoms of pulmonary embolism. The patient was immediately given urokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator by intravenous infusion for thrombolysis after definite diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was monitored after treatment, and standardized anticoagulation began when APTT was equal to or lower than 70 seconds. The treatment results of patients, D-dimer measurement value, bed time before definite diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, number of patients underwent wound debridement during hospitalization, definite diagnosis time of pulmonary embolism after wound debridement, and number of patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity and wound infection were recorded. Results: Wounds with skin and soft tissue defects of all patients were completely healed, all skin grafts survived well, pulmonary embolism recovered well after timely treatment, and the trunk and branches of involved pulmonary artery recovered blood supply. The course of disease ranged from 1 month to 3 months. The measurement value of D-dimer was 2.4-31.7 mg/L, and the measurement values of D-dimer of 4 patients were equal to or higher than 5.0 mg/L. The bed time before definite diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was 4-46 days, with an average of 23.2 days. Four patients underwent wound debridement during hospitalization. The definite diagnosis time of pulmonary embolism after the wound debridement was 14-40 days, with an average of 20.5 days. Four patients were diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity. All patients had wound infection, and the bacteria causing wound infection included Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 2 cases, Staphylococcus aureus of 2 cases, and Enterococcus faecalis of 1 case. Conclusions: In the diagnosis process of pulmonary embolism in patients with skin and soft tissue defects after trauma, D-dimer positive, long-term bed rest, experiencing operation during hospitalization, and with deep vein thrombosis and wound infection can be regarded as the key points for diagnosis. When a patient has clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism and the above conditions, the clinician should promptly perform hierarchical screening, select the corresponding examination to confirm pulmonary embolism, and immediately perform thrombolysis for the patient with pulmonary embolism according to the patient's tolerance, thereby improving patient survival rate.