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Dang C, Xiao S, Wang F, Fang Q, Yao H, He K, Li F, Xue D, Ye G. miRNA-mediated insect-resistant transgenic rice poses no risk to a non-target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, via direct feeding or through its target host. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39039789 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have started to play an important role in pest control, and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging. However, an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application. Here, transgenic miR-14 rice, which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis, was used as an example for evaluation in this study. Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops as a reference, the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated. The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co. chilonis, whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch. suppressalis-parasitized larvae, the development duration of Co. chilonis was significantly affected. In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field, it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid, Co. chilonis. These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang He
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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He Y, Lv B, Chao Y, Tang YE, Wang J, Wang Z, Peng YD. Influence of Cry1Ab protein on growth and development of a predatory spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, from protective perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115799. [PMID: 38070414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The expression of Cry proteins in genetically modified rice varieties safeguards the crop from lepidopteran pests. These proteins have the potential to be transferred through the food chain to arthropods like planthoppers and predatory spiders, triggering defensive responses in these unintended organisms. Hence, we hypothesized that Cry protein might influence the growth and development of spiders by altering protective enzyme activities. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein could accumulate in tissues and subcellular organelles of Pardosa pseudoannulata from Nilaparvata lugens. Cry1Ab protein exposure prolonged the developmental duration in the 5th and 7th instar spiderlings but induced no alterations of other growth indicators, such as body length, median ocular area, and survival rate. In addition, Cry1Ab protein exerted no adverse impacts on several detoxifying enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholine esterase) in muscle, midgut, ganglia, and hemolymph at subcellular components (i.e., microsome and cytoplasm). To further explore the effects of Cry1Ab protein on the spiderlings, we performed an integrated transcriptome analysis on spiderlings exposed to Cry1Ab protein. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein might prolong the development duration of P. pseudoannulata via the altered cuticle metabolism (e.g., chitin metabolic process and structural constituent of cuticle). In addition, the gene expression profile associated with detoxifying enzymes and three stress-responsive pathways (JAK/STAT, JNK/SAPK, and Hippo pathways) also displayed no significant alterations under Cry1Ab exposure. Collectively, this integrated analysis generates multidimensional insights to assess the effects of Cry1Ab protein on non-target spiders and demonstrates that Cry1Ab protein exerts no toxicity in P. pseudoannulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yinying Chao
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-E Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
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Wen D, Li M, Dong X, Han K, Yu J, Cai Y, Hua H. Monitoring reduced accumulation and risk evaluation of Cry1Ca during food chain transfer from genetically engineered plant to endoparasitoid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36947641 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential risk of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered (GE) plants to nontarget organisms have long been an ecotoxicological concern. Apanteles chilonis, an important endoparasitoid of rice pest Chilo suppressalis, potentially is exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins through a food chain of transgenic Bt rice - C. suppressalis - A. chilonis, and thus, a rigorous risk assessment is urgently needed. Here, we combined a tri-trophic bioassay system with high-dose exposure approach using C. suppressalis hemolymph as the carrier of insecticidal protein to evaluate the biosafety of Cry1Ca to A. chilonis. RESULTS Cry1Ca protein could be transmitted and retained along the food chain and remains bioactive in the hemolymph of C. suppressalis during the pre-adult duration of A. chilonis. No significant differences in pre-adult period, male and female longevity, adult fecundity and weight, emergence rate nor sex ratio were observed when A. chilonis parasitized C. suppressalis feeding on cry1Ca rice compared with control treatment. However, the pupal period and weight were significantly prolonged and decreased. When A. chilonis parasitized C. suppressalis injected with a high dosage of Cry1Ca protein, no adverse effects on the life-history parameters, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione reductase (GR) of A. chilonis were observed, demonstrating that the host quality mediates adverse effects during the food chain. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that Cry1Ca posed no ecological risk to the nontarget endoparasitoid A. chilonis. This study may serve as an example for future risk assessment of transgenic crops to nontarget endoparasitoids. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Dong
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehong Han
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiukun Yu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Álvarez-Alfageme F, Devos Y, Camargo AM, Arpaia S, Messéan A. Managing resistance evolution to transgenic Bt maize in corn borers in Spain. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:201-219. [PMID: 34154477 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since 1998, genetically engineered Bt maize varieties expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein (i.e. event MON 810) have been grown in the European Union (EU), mainly in Spain. These varieties confer resistance against the European and Mediterranean corn borer (ECB and MCB), which are the major lepidopteran maize pests in the EU, particularly in Mediterranean areas. However, widespread, repeated and exclusive use of Bt maize is anticipated to increase the risk of Cry1Ab resistance to evolve in corn borer populations. To delay resistance evolution, typically, refuges of non-Bt maize are planted near or adjacent to, or within Bt maize fields. Moreover, changes in Cry1Ab susceptibility in field populations of corn borers and unexpected damage to maize MON 810, due to corn borers, are monitored on an annual basis. After two decades of Bt maize cultivation in Spain, neither resistant corn borer populations nor farmer complaints on unexpected field damage have been reported. However, whether the resistance monitoring strategy followed in Spain, currently based on discriminating concentration bioassays, is sufficiently sensitive to timely detect early warning signs of resistance in the field remains a point of contention. Moreover, the Cry1Ab resistance allele frequency to Bt maize, which has recently been estimated in MCB populations from north-eastern Spain, might exceed that recommended for successful resistance management. To ensure Bt maize durability in Spain, it is key that adequate resistance management approaches, including monitoring of resistance and farmer compliance with refuge requirements, continue to be implemented and are incorporated in integrated pest management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antoine Messéan
- INRAE, Eco-Innov, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Metabolic Analysis Reveals Cry1C Gene Transformation Does Not Affect the Sensitivity of Rice to Rice Dwarf Virus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040209. [PMID: 33808359 PMCID: PMC8065979 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is beginning to be used for assessing unintended changes in genetically modified (GM) crops. To investigate whether Cry1C gene transformation would induce metabolic changes in rice plants, and whether the metabolic changes would pose potential risks when Cry1C rice plants are exposed to rice dwarf virus (RDV), the metabolic profiles of Cry1C rice T1C-19 and its non-Bt parental rice MH63 under RDV-free and RDV-infected status were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compared to MH63 rice, slice difference was detected in T1C-19 under RDV-free conditions (less than 3%), while much more metabolites showed significant response to RDV infection in T1C-19 (15.6%) and in MH63 (5.0%). Pathway analysis showed biosynthesis of lysine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine may be affected by RDV infection in T1C-19. No significant difference in the contents of free amino acids (AAs) was found between T1C-19 and MH63 rice, and the free AA contents of the two rice plants showed similar responses to RDV infection. Furthermore, no significant differences of the RDV infection rates between T1C-19 and MH63 were detected. Our results showed the Cry1C gene transformation did not affect the sensitivity of rice to RDV, indicating Cry1C rice would not aggravate the epidemic and dispersal of RDV.
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Dang C, Zhou X, Sun C, Wang F, Peng Y, Ye G. Impacts of Bt rice on non-target organisms assessed by the hazard quotient (HQ). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111214. [PMID: 32890949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential risk of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops on non-target organisms (NTOs) has drawn a lot of public concerns. Despite a series of risk assessments of Bt crops on NTOs has been conducted, a quantitative approach which could support a precise judgment of their safety is required. In the present work, hazard quotient (HQ) was applied in the safety evaluation of three Bt rice events (Cry1Ab, Cry1C and Cry2Aa rice) on NTOs. Eight NTOs in different functional guilds associated with Bt rice were selected to conduct the tests. The results showed that the HQs of three Bt rice events for eight NTOs were all below the trigger value 1, while the HQ of Cry1Ab rice for one target pest Chilo suppressalis was three times higher than 1. Our results assured the reliability of the HQ and indicated that the three Bt rice events would pose no risks to the eight NTOs. Further testing of three Bt proteins on biological parameters of one NTO Nasonia virtipennis under no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) confirmed the robustness of HQ assessment. We recommend that the HQ could be applied in tier-1 risk assessments of Bt crops on NTOs as a reference data standard, which would provide more clear and credible safety information of transgenic crops for the public and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321017, China
| | - Chuyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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7
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Chang X, Sun L, Ning D, Dang C, Yao H, Fang Q, Peng Y, Wang F, Ye G. Cry1C rice doesn't affect the ecological fitness of rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens either under RDV stress or not. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16423. [PMID: 33009432 PMCID: PMC7532440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential risks of Bt rice on non-target arthropods (NTAs) should be evaluated and defined before commercial production. Recently, effects of Bt rice on NTAs under abiotic and biotic stress conditions attracted much attention. Here we reported the effects of Bt rice T1C-19 (Cry1C rice) on the non-target herbivore, Nilaparvata lugens (rice brown planthopper, BPH) with or without RDV (rice dwarf virus) infection conditions. BPH showed no feeding and oviposition preference between Bt rice T1C-19 and its non-Bt parental rice Minghui 63 (MH63), as well as between RDV-infected and RDV-free rice plants. Meanwhile, rice type, RDV infection status, and their interaction had little impacts on the survival, development and fecundity of BPH. By comparison with non-Bt control, Bt rice T1C-19 with or without RDV infection had no significant effects on the life-table parameters of BPH including rm, R0, T, DT and λ. Thus, it could be concluded that Bt rice T1C-19 doesn't affect the ecological fitness of BPH either under RDV stress or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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8
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Krogh PH, Kostov K, Damgaard CF. The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:487-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Lu Z, Dang C, Wang F, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Yao H, Fang Q, Peng Y, Gatehouse AMR, Hua H, Ye G. Does long-term Bt rice planting pose risks to spider communities and their capacity to control planthoppers? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1851-1853. [PMID: 32058661 PMCID: PMC7415778 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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10
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Yin Y, Xu Y, Cao K, Qin Z, Zhao X, Dong X, Shi W. Impact assessment of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab protein simultaneously on non-target arthropods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21552-21559. [PMID: 32279254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic maize expressing the Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab protein simultaneously from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-maize) has been grown for farm-scale study to investigate its potential impact to non-target arthropod (NTA). The trials were conducted between Bt maize 2A-7 and its parental line (B73-329) in Beijing, China, over 3 years. Richness (C), Shannon index (H), Pielou index (J), Simpson index (D), and Bray-Curtis index were used to evaluate the population dynamics and biodiversity of the dominant arthropods from per 50 plants in crop field. The mainly abundant groups were Aphidoidea, Araneae, Coccinellidae, Anthocoridae, and Thripidae which represented about 90% of the total number of NTA. Although the abundance of NTA varied from year to year, there is no significant difference between Bt maize and non-Bt maize field. Fluctuations were found at individual sample dates, but the trend of these descriptors remained consistent. Further analysis showed the biodiversity indexes of the dominant arthropods C, H, J, D, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between Bt maize producing Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab toxin simultaneously and its parental line had no significant difference except for some sampling dates. These results suggested that Bt maize is compatible with the NTAs and provides further evidence of the ecological impact of genetically modified maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Cao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Qin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Dong
- Department of Agriculture Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Li Y, Hallerman EM, Wu K, Peng Y. Insect-Resistant Genetically Engineered Crops in China: Development, Application, and Prospects for Use. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 65:273-292. [PMID: 31594412 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With 20% of the world's population but just 7% of the arable land, China has invested heavily in crop biotechnology to increase agricultural productivity. We examine research on insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) crops in China, including strategies to promote their sustainable use. IRGE cotton, rice, and corn lines have been developed and proven efficacious for controlling lepidopteran crop pests. Ecological impact studies have demonstrated conservation of natural enemies of crop pests and halo suppression of crop-pest populations on a local scale. Economic, social, and human health effects are largely positive and, in the case of Bt cotton, have proven sustainable over 20 years of commercial production. Wider adoption of IRGE crops in China is constrained by relatively limited innovation capacity, public misperception, and regulatory inaction, suggesting the need for further financial investment in innovation and greater scientific engagement with the public. The Chinese experience with Bt cotton might inform adoption of other Bt crops in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute for Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Eric M Hallerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute for Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute for Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
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12
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Jin Y, Drabik D, Heerink N, Wesseler J. The Cost of Postponement of Bt Rice Commercialization in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1226. [PMID: 31649697 PMCID: PMC6792301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To maintain self-sufficiency in rice production and national food security, the Chinese government strongly supports research that aims at increasing the productivity of rice cultivation. Rice with genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt rice) is transgenic rice that can reduce lepidopteran pest damage and the use of insecticides. It was developed in the 1990s and earned biosafety certificates in 2009. However, because of political reasons, its commercialization in China has been postponed, and, to date, Bt rice is not grown in China. We assess the opportunity cost of postponement of Bt rice commercialization in China between the years 2009 and 2019 and consider the external costs of pesticide use and potential technology spill-overs of Bt rice. We estimate the cost of postponement of Bt rice over the analyzed period to be 12 billion United States (US) dollars per year.
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Dang C, Sun C, Lu Z, Zhong F, Wang F, Wang Q, Sun R, Peng Y, Ye G. Cry2A rice did not affect the interspecific interactions between two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 10:170-180. [PMID: 31366274 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1649530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific interactions are complex in agro-ecosystems and could be affected by agricultural technologies including transgenic crop planting. Few studies focused on the effects of Bt crops on the interspecific interactions of non-target organisms. Here we assessed the effects of transgenic cry2A rice (Cry2A rice) on the interspecific interaction between two rice planthoppers, namely, Nilaparvata lugens (the brown planthopper, BPH) and Sogatella furcifera (the white-backed planthopper, WBPH). Cry2A rice showed no significant effects on most biological parameters of these two rice planthoppers, except for wet weight of BPH female adults and development duration of WBPH female nymphs. In contrast, interspecific interactions between BPH and WBPH showed significant impacts on their biological parameters, no matter on Cry2A rice or non-transgenic control. In two-factor analysis combing rice line and interspecific interaction together, the interaction between these two factors did not affect most biological parameters of neither planthopper species, except for development duration of BPH female nymphs and WBPH nymphs (both male and female). Additionally, the egg distributions of BPH and WBPH had no significant differences between Cry2A and non-Cry2A treatments. Results of field experiments showed that Cry2A rice did not affect their population densities at most sampling dates in a five-year survey, and the interaction between BPH and WBPH showed no significant differences in both Cry2A and non-Cry2A rice paddies. In conclusion, our tested Cry2A rice would not affect the interspecific interactions between BPH and WBPH based both laboratory and field results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chuyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zengbin Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Fujun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Rui Sun
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Liu T, Chen X, Qi L, Chen F, Liu M, Whalen JK. Root and detritus of transgenic Bt crop did not change nematode abundance and community composition but enhanced trophic connections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:822-829. [PMID: 30743879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) crops are widely deployed to control lepidopterous pests with minimal impact on non-target soil invertebrates. However, most of the results were obtained from field works, the great environmental variation may conceal the small spatial-temporal scaled changes in microhabitats, such as those created near the roots (rhizosphere) or around decomposing residues (detritusphere), which are expected to impact free-living soil organisms more than the bulk soils. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of root and straw residues of transgenic crops on soil, by comparing nematode communities in the rhizosphere (soil microsites only affected by living root), the detritusphere (soil microsites affected by crop aboveground residues) and the rhizosphere-detritusphere interface (soil microsites intensively co-affected by root and residues) of Bt rice and its non-Bt near isoline. Bt rice did not affect nematode abundance and community composition, however, it enhanced the network connections within nematode communities, in both the rhizosphere and detritusphere, indicating the frequency of co-occurring species increased due to the moderate stress of crystal (Cry) as a labile resource of protein or as a moderate pressure of toxic compounds. Furthermore, 60-80% of the correlation between Cry protein (Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) and nematode genera were positive in the rhizosphere and detritusphere of Bt rice, suggesting that higher Cry protein concentration was associated with the intensive co-occurrence among nematode populations. This finding offers new insights into how the biotic interactions of non-target soil community response to both live and dead parts of transgenic crop, highlighting the moderate stress of Cry protein might affect the community structure and consequent functioning of soil ecosystem based on the elaborately developed knowledge of biotic interactions via ecological network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab does not harm two parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris and Copidosoma floridanum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:307. [PMID: 29321488 PMCID: PMC5762887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) is an important lepidopteran pest on many vegetable and greenhouse crops, and some field crops. Although there are no commercial transgenic Bt vegetable or greenhouse crops, T. ni is a target of Bollgard II cotton, which produces Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. We expand on previous work that examined the effect of Bt crops on parasitoids using Bt-resistant lepidopteran populations as hosts. Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab-resistant T. ni larvae were used to eliminate host quality effects and to evaluate the direct effects of Bt cotton on the parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). These tri-trophic studies confirm that Bt cotton had no significant impact on development, success of parasitism, survival and adult longevity of C. marginiventris when using Bt-resistant T. ni fed on Bt cotton. Similarly, this Bt cotton had no significant impact on the development, mummy weight and the number of progeny produced by C. floridanum. Our studies verified that lyophilized Bt crop tissue maintained its insecticidal bioactivity when incorporated into an artificial diet, demonstrating that hosts and parasitoids were exposed to active Cry proteins. The egg-larval parasitoid C. floridanum, or similar species that consume their entire host, should be considered useful surrogates in risk assessment of Bt crops to non-target arthropods.
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Assessing the effects of Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice to Pseudogonatopus flavifemur, a parasitoid of rice planthoppers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7838. [PMID: 28798310 PMCID: PMC5552772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rice producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) could help protect the plants from damage by lepidopteran pests. However, one concern is the potential of Bt rice to harm non-target natural enemies, which play a vital role in pest control. In the present study, the potential effects of Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice on different life-table parameters and population dynamics of Pseudogonatopus flavifemur, a parasitoid of rice planthoppers, were evaluated under laboratory and field condition. The exposure of P. flavifemur to plant-produced Bt proteins was also analyzed. Results indicated that direct feeding on rice plants was the main exposure pathway of P. flavifemur to the Cry1C and Cry2A proteins. No significant difference on the development, survival, longevity, fecundity, and prey consumption of P. flavifemur was detected over two generations between the Bt and non-Bt rice treatments. Furthermore, the population dynamics of P. flavifemur were not affected by Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice. In conclusion, the tested Cry1C rice and Cry2A rice do not appear to harm the parasitoid P. flavifemur.
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