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Jiang X, Hu Q, Mei D, Li X, Xiang L, Al-Shehbaz IA, Song X, Liu J, Lysak MA, Sun P. Chromosome fusions shaped karyotype evolution and evolutionary relationships in the model family Brassicaceae. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4631. [PMID: 40389407 PMCID: PMC12089291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
The ancestral crucifer karyotype and 22 conserved genomic blocks (CGBs) facilitate phylogenomic analyses in the Brassicaceae. Chromosomal rearrangements reshuffled CGBs of ancestral chromosomes during karyotype evolution. Here, we identify eight protochromosomes representing the common ancestral karyotype (ACBK) of the two Brassicoideae supertribes: Camelinodae (Lineage I) and Brassicodae (Lineage II). The characterization of multiple cascading fusion events allows us to infer evolutionary relationships based on these events. In the Camelinodae, the ACBK first evolved into the AKI genome, which remained conserved in the Cardamineae, whereas it was altered to tAKI by a reciprocal translocation that preceded the diversification of most Camelinodae tribes. The identified fusion breakpoints largely overlap with CGB boundaries, suggesting that CGBs are mainly disrupted by chromosome fusions. Our results demonstrate the stable inheritance of chromosome fusions and their importance for reconstructing evolutionary relationships. The chromosomal breakpoint approach provides a basis for ancestral state reconstruction based on chromosome-level genome assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanjun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xiaoming Song
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Martin A Lysak
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Department of Experimental Botany, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pengchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
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2
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Qiao P, Zhao M, Zhao J, Wen J, Zhao C, Zhang M. Unveiling the camelina MBOAT gene family: Phylogenetic insights and regulatory landscape. Gene 2025; 936:149085. [PMID: 39542282 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.149085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
The membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) gene family comprises enzymes responsible for transferring acyl groups to various lipid molecules. Some members of the MBOAT gene family and their functions have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, research on the MBOAT gene family in camelina is still limited. In this study, 54 MBOATs were identified on 17 chromosomes and one unidentified scaffold in camelina, including seven newly identified genes. A total of 149 MBOATs were identified in 10 other species. Six subgroups of these MBOATs with different conservation were classified by phylogenetic analysis, showing diversification between monocots and dicots. Detailed analysis of the motif composition, evolutionary relationships, and gene structures of CsaMBOATs are presented. The results of the syntenic analysis suggest that the evolution of CsaMBOAT gene family is primarily driven by segmental and tandem duplications, and that there is a stronger collinearity within dicots. In addition, analysis of CsaMBOAT gene promoter cis-elements reveals a possible transcriptional regulation and tissue-specific expression, highlighting potential role in plant stress responses and hormone signaling. Furthermore, both the transcriptome and RT-qPCR data revealed the changes in the expression levels of DGAT1 during salt stress treatment. Subsequent analyses indicated that DGAT1 influenced the ratio of fatty acid fractions in the plants. Importantly, a large number of transcription factors involved in the regulation of CsaMBOAT gene expression were identified by WGCNA analysis, and the transcriptional data confirmed that the NAC032 and CAMMTA6 genes play a role upstream of DGAT1. This study not only identified the members of the MBOAT in camelina, but also provided insights and clues into its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfang Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Maoqiu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiayin Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Bird KA, Brock JR, Grabowski PP, Harder AM, Healy AL, Shu S, Barry K, Boston L, Daum C, Guo J, Lipzen A, Walstead R, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Lu C, Comai L, McKay JK, Pires JC, Edger PP, Lovell JT, Kliebenstein DJ. Allopolyploidy expanded gene content but not pangenomic variation in the hexaploid oilseed Camelina sativa. Genetics 2025; 229:1-44. [PMID: 39545504 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient whole-genome duplications are believed to facilitate novelty and adaptation by providing the raw fuel for new genes. However, it is unclear how recent whole-genome duplications may contribute to evolvability within recent polyploids. Hybridization accompanying some whole-genome duplications may combine divergent gene content among diploid species. Some theory and evidence suggest that polyploids have a greater accumulation and tolerance of gene presence-absence and genomic structural variation, but it is unclear to what extent either is true. To test how recent polyploidy may influence pangenomic variation, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated 12 complete, chromosome-scale genomes of Camelina sativa, an allohexaploid biofuel crop with 3 distinct subgenomes. Using pangenomic comparative analyses, we characterized gene presence-absence and genomic structural variation both within and between the subgenomes. We found over 75% of ortholog gene clusters are core in C. sativa and <10% of sequence space was affected by genomic structural rearrangements. In contrast, 19% of gene clusters were unique to one subgenome, and the majority of these were Camelina specific (no ortholog in Arabidopsis). We identified an inversion that may contribute to vernalization requirements in winter-type Camelina and an enrichment of Camelina-specific genes with enzymatic processes related to seed oil quality and Camelina's unique glucosinolate profile. Genes related to these traits exhibited little presence-absence variation. Our results reveal minimal pangenomic variation in this species and instead show how hybridization accompanied by whole-genome duplication may benefit polyploids by merging diverged gene content of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Bird
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jordan R Brock
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Paul P Grabowski
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Avril M Harder
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Adam L Healy
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - LoriBeth Boston
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rachel Walstead
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, University of Montana, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Luca Comai
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - J Chris Pires
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - John T Lovell
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Blume RY, Hotsuliak VY, Nazarenus TJ, Cahoon EB, Blume YB. Genome-wide identification and diversity of FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 genes in terms of biotechnological importance in Camelina species. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 39695603 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND False flax, or gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa) is an oilseed that has received renewed research interest as a promising vegetable oil feedstock for liquid biofuel production and other non-food uses. This species has also emerged as a model for oilseed biotechnology research that aims to enhance seed oil content and fatty acid quality. To date, a number of genetic engineering and gene editing studies on C. sativa have been reported. Among the most common targets for this research are genes, encoding fatty acid desaturases, elongases, and diacylglycerol acyltransferases. However, the majority of these genes in C. sativa are present in multiple copies due to the allohexaploid nature of the species. Therefore, genetic manipulations require a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of such gene targets. RESULTS Here we report the detailed analysis of FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 gene diversity in five Camelina species, including hexaploid C. sativa and four diploids, namely C. neglecta, C. laxa, C. hispida var. hispida and var. grandiflora. It was established that FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 homeologs in C. sativa retain very high conservancy, despite their allohexaploid inheritance. High sequence conservancy of the identified genes along with their different expression patterns in C. sativa suggest that subfunctionalization of these homeologs is mainly grounded on the transcriptional balancing between subgenomes. Finally, fatty acid composition of seed lipids in different Camelina species was characterized, suggesting potential variability in the activity of fatty acid elongation/desaturation pathways may vary among these taxa. CONCLUSION It was shown that the FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 genes retain high conservation, even in allohexaploid C. sativa after polyploidzation, in which the subfunctionalization of the described homeologs is mainly grounded on the expressional differences. The major differences in FA accumulation patterns within the seeds of different species were identified as well. These results provide a foundation for future precise gene editing, which would be based on targeting of particular FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 gene copies in C. sativa that allow regulating the dosage of the mentioned genes, thus shaping the desired FA composition in cultivated false flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Y Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine.
| | - Vitaliy Y Hotsuliak
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Tara J Nazarenus
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yaroslav B Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
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5
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Brock JR, Bird KA, Platts AE, Gomez-Cano F, Gupta SK, Palos K, Railey CE, Teresi SJ, Lee YS, Magallanes-Lundback M, Pawlowski EG, Nelson ADL, Grotewold E, Edger PP. Exploring genetic diversity, population structure, and subgenome differences in the allopolyploid Camelina sativa: implications for future breeding and research studies. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae247. [PMID: 39539416 PMCID: PMC11560372 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa), an allohexaploid species, is an emerging aviation biofuel crop that has been the focus of resurgent interest in recent decades. To guide future breeding and crop improvement efforts, the community requires a deeper comprehension of subgenome dominance, often noted in allopolyploid species, "alongside an understanding of the genetic diversity" and population structure of material present within breeding programs. We conducted population genetic analyses of a C. sativa diversity panel, leveraging a new genome, to estimate nucleotide diversity and population structure, and analyzed for patterns of subgenome expression dominance among different organs. Our analyses confirm that C. sativa has relatively low genetic diversity and show that the SG3 subgenome has substantially lower genetic diversity compared to the other two subgenomes. Despite the low genetic diversity, our analyses identified 13 distinct subpopulations including two distinct wild populations and others putatively representing founders in existing breeding populations. When analyzing for subgenome composition of long non-coding RNAs, which are known to play important roles in (a)biotic stress tolerance, we found that the SG3 subgenome contained significantly more lincRNAs compared to other subgenomes. Similarly, transcriptome analyses revealed that expression dominance of SG3 is not as strong as previously reported and may not be universal across all organ types. From a global analysis, SG3 "was only significant higher expressed" in flower, flower bud, and fruit organs, which is an important discovery given that the crop yield is associated with these organs. Collectively, these results will be valuable for guiding future breeding efforts in camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Brock
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kevin A Bird
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Adrian E Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Fabio Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Kyle Palos
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Caylyn E Railey
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Field, Cornell University, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott J Teresi
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd Room 2165, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | | | - Emily G Pawlowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Andrew D L Nelson
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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6
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Wang S, Blume RY, Zhou ZW, Lu S, Nazarenus TJ, Blume YB, Xie W, Cahoon EB, Chen LL, Guo L. Chromosome-level assembly and analysis of Camelina neglecta: a novel diploid model for Camelina biotechnology research. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 38291537 PMCID: PMC10829252 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Camelina neglecta is a new diploid Brassicaceae species, which has great research value because of its close relationship with the hexaploid oilseed crop Camelina sativa. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of C. neglecta with a total length of 210 Mb. By adopting PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology, the C. neglecta genome was assembled into 6 chromosomes with scaffold N50 of 29.62 Mb. C. neglecta has undergone the whole-genome triplication (γ) shared among eudicots and two whole-genome duplications (α and β) shared by crucifers, but it has not undergone a specific whole-genome duplication event. By synteny analysis between C. neglecta and C. sativa, we successfully used the method of calculating Ks to distinguish the three subgenomes of C. sativa and determined that C. neglecta was closest to the first subgenome (SG1) of C. sativa. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed the key genes associated with seed oil biosynthesis and its transcriptional regulation, including SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAE1, ABI3, WRI1 and FUS3 displaying high expression levels in C. neglecta seeds. The high representability of C. neglecta as a model species for Camelina-based biotechnology research has been demonstrated for the first time. In particular, floral Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration-based transformation of C. neglecta, leading to overexpression of CvLPAT2, CpDGAT1 and CvFatB1 transgenes, was demonstrated for medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in C. neglecta seed oil. This study provides an important genomic resource and establishes C. neglecta as a new model for oilseed biotechnology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rostislav Y Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Tara J Nazarenus
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Yaroslav B Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Chaudhary R, Higgins EE, Eynck C, Sharpe AG, Parkin IAP. Mapping QTL for vernalization requirement identified adaptive divergence of the candidate gene Flowering Locus C in polyploid Camelina sativa. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20397. [PMID: 37885362 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Vernalization requirement is an integral component of flowering in winter-type plants. The availability of winter ecotypes among Camelina species facilitated the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for vernalization requirement in Camelina sativa. An inter and intraspecific crossing scheme between related Camelina species, where one spring and two different sources of winter-type habit were used, resulted in the development of two segregating populations. Linkage maps generated with sequence-based markers identified three QTLs associated with vernalization requirement in C. sativa; two from the interspecific (chromosomes 13 and 20) and one from the intraspecific cross (chromosome 8). Notably, the three loci were mapped to different homologous regions of the hexaploid C. sativa genome. All three QTLs were found in proximity to Flowering Locus C (FLC), variants of which have been reported to affect the vernalization requirement in plants. Temporal transcriptome analysis for winter-type Camelina alyssum demonstrated reduction in expression of FLC on chromosomes 13 and 20 during cold treatment, which would trigger flowering, since FLC would be expected to suppress floral initiation. FLC on chromosome 8 also showed reduced expression in the C. sativa ssp. pilosa winter parent upon cold treatment, but was expressed at very high levels across all time points in the spring-type C. sativa. The chromosome 8 copy carried a deletion in the spring-type line, which could impact its functionality. Contrary to previous reports, all three FLC loci can contribute to controlling the vernalization response in C. sativa and provide opportunities for manipulating this requirement in the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chaudhary
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Food Security, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Erin E Higgins
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christina Eynck
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- Global Institute for Food Security, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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8
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Blume RY, Kalendar R, Guo L, Cahoon EB, Blume YB. Overcoming genetic paucity of Camelina sativa: possibilities for interspecific hybridization conditioned by the genus evolution pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1259431. [PMID: 37818316 PMCID: PMC10561096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Camelina or false flax (Camelina sativa) is an emerging oilseed crop and a feedstock for biofuel production. This species is believed to originate from Western Asian and Eastern European regions, where the center of diversity of the Camelina genus is located. Cultivated Camelina species arose via a series of polyploidization events, serving as bottlenecks narrowing genetic diversity of the species. The genetic paucity of C. sativa is foreseen as the most crucial limitation for successful breeding and improvement of this crop. A potential solution to this challenge could be gene introgression from Camelina wild species or from resynthesized allohexaploid C. sativa. However, both approaches would require a complete comprehension of the evolutionary trajectories that led to the C. sativa origin. Although there are some studies discussing the origin and evolution of Camelina hexaploid species, final conclusions have not been made yet. Here, we propose the most complete integrated evolutionary model for the Camelina genus based on the most recently described findings, which enables efficient improvement of C. sativa via the interspecific hybridization with its wild relatives. We also discuss issues of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, aimed on improving C. sativa and overcoming the genetic paucity of this crop. The proposed comprehensive evolutionary model of Camelina species indicates that a newly described species Camelina neglecta has a key role in origin of tetra- and hexaploids, all of which have two C. neglecta-based subgenomes. Understanding of species evolution within the Camelina genus provides insights into further research on C. sativa improvements via gene introgression from wild species, and a potential resynthesis of this emerging oilseed crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Y. Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Kalendar
- Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yaroslav B. Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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