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Chen W, Shi Y, Wang C, Qi X. AtERF13 and AtERF6 double knockout fine-tunes growth and the transcriptome to promote cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. Gene 2024; 911:148348. [PMID: 38467315 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) restricts plant growth. However, how plants fine-tune their growth to modulate Cd resistance has not been determined. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are key regulators of Cd stress, and Arabidopsis thaliana ERF13 and ERF6 (AtERF13 and AtERF6) negatively regulate growth. We previously demonstrated that AtERF13 is a transcriptional activator that binds a Cd-responsive element. Herein, we report that Arabidopsis plants improve Cd tolerance by repressing AtERF13 and AtERF6. We found that AtERF13 and AtERF6 were strongly downregulated by Cd stress and that AtERF6 weakly bound Cd-responsive elements. Moreover, AtERF13 physically interacted with AtERF6. Importantly, AtERF13 and AtERF6 double knockout mutants, but not single mutants or overexpression lines, grew better, tolerated more Cd and had higher Cd contents than did the wild type. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the double mutants regulate the defense response to cope with Cd toxicity. Accordingly, we propose that, upon Cd stress, Arabidopsis plants repress AtERF13 and AtERF6 to relieve their growth inhibition effects and adjust the transcriptome to adapt to Cd stress, leading to increased Cd tolerance. Our findings thereby provide deep mechanical insights into how dual-function transcription factors fine-tune growth and the transcriptome to promote Cd tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoting Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Wang J, Zhu H, Huang R, Xu J, Huang L, Yang J, Chen W. CIP1, a CIPK23-interacting transporter, is implicated in Cd tolerance and phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134276. [PMID: 38640682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution from cadmium (Cd) presents a serious threat to plant growth and development. Therefore, it's crucial to find out how plants resist this toxic metal to develop strategies for remediating Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, we identified CIP1, a transporter protein, by screening interactors of the protein kinase CIPK23. CIP1 is located in vesicles membranes and can transport Cd2+ when expressed in yeast cells. Cd stress specifically induced the accumulation of CIP1 transcripts and functional proteins, particularly in the epidermal cells of the root tip. CIKP23 could interact directly with the central loop region of CIP1, phosphorylating it, which is essential for the efficient transport of Cd2+. A loss-of-function mutation of CIP1 in wild-type plants led to increased sensitivity to Cd stress. Conversely, tobacco plants overexpressing CIP1 exhibited improved Cd tolerance and increased Cd accumulation capacity. Interestingly, this Cd accumulation was restricted to roots but not shoots, suggesting that manipulating CIP1 does not risk Cd contamination of plants' edible parts. Overall, this study characterizes a novel Cd transporter, CIP1, with potential to enhance plant tolerance to Cd toxicity while effectively eliminating environmental contamination without economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ru'nan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Yang M, Yang H, Pian R, Wang J, Wu AM. The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects. Cells 2024; 13:907. [PMID: 38891039 PMCID: PMC11172145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the sources and distribution of Cd and the risks posed to human health; (2) the mechanisms underlying the uptake and transport of Cd, including the physiological processes associated with the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of Cd, as well as the pertinent gene families implicated in these processes; (3) the detrimental effects of Cd on plants and the mechanisms of detoxification, such as the activation of resistance genes, root chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, the activation of antioxidant systems and the generation of non-enzymatic antioxidants; (4) the practical application of phytoremediation and the impact of incorporating exogenous substances on the Cd tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
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4
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Shi Y, Liu D, He Y, Tang J, Chen H, Gong P, Luo JS, Zhang Z. CHLORIDE CHANNEL-b mediates vacuolar nitrate efflux to improve low nitrogen adaptation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1987-2002. [PMID: 37527482 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is an important organelle for nitrate storage, and the reuse of vacuolar nitrate under nitrate starvation helps plants adapt to low-nitrate environments. CHLORIDE CHANNEL-b (CLC-b) in the vacuolar membrane is a nitrate transporter; however, its regulation and effects on nitrate efflux have not been established. Here, we evaluated CLC-b expression and its effects on physiological parameters under low nitrate conditions. CLC-b expression increased significantly in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Col-0 under nitrate starvation. Under low nitrate, clcb mutants showed reductions in chlorophyll content and xylem sap nitrate concentration, shoot/root nitrate ratios, shoot/root total N ratios, and biomass. CLC-b-overexpression yielded opposite phenotypes and increased nitrogen use efficiency. CLC-b mutants showed elevated chlorate tolerance and an increased proportion of vacuolar nitrate relative to the total protoplast nitrate content as compared to the wild type. Yeast 1-hybrid, EMSA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that HRS1 HOMOLOG2 (HHO2), the expression of which is downregulated under low nitrate, binds directly to the promoter of CLC-b. clcb/hho2 double mutants and HHO2-overexpressing clcb plants had similar phenotypes under low nitrate to those of clcb single mutants. Thus, CLC-b mediates vacuolar nitrate efflux and is negatively regulated by HHO2, providing a theoretical basis for improving plant adaptability to low nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Shi
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiqi He
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Gong
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jin-Song Luo
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
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Nguyen NN, Lamotte O, Alsulaiman M, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Berger N, Demolombe V, Nespoulous C, Dang TMN, Aimé S, Berthomieu P, Dubos C, Wendehenne D, Vile D, Gosti F. Reduction in PLANT DEFENSIN 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased resistance to pathogens and zinc toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5374-5393. [PMID: 37326591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of defensins in plants correlates with their increased capacity to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. This applies to Arabidopsis thaliana, where some of the seven members of the PLANT DEFENSIN 1 family (AtPDF1) are recognised to improve plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens and increase seedling tolerance to excess zinc (Zn). However, few studies have explored the effects of decreased endogenous defensin expression on these stress responses. Here, we carried out an extensive physiological and biochemical comparative characterization of (i) novel artificial microRNA (amiRNA) lines silenced for the five most similar AtPDF1s, and (ii) a double null mutant for the two most distant AtPDF1s. Silencing of five AtPDF1 genes was specifically associated with increased aboveground dry mass production in mature plants under excess Zn conditions, and with increased plant tolerance to different pathogens - a fungus, an oomycete and a bacterium, while the double mutant behaved similarly to the wild type. These unexpected results challenge the current paradigm describing the role of PDFs in plant stress responses. Additional roles of endogenous plant defensins are discussed, opening new perspectives for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nga Nguyen
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohanad Alsulaiman
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Demolombe
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Claude Nespoulous
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Dang
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Gosti
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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6
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Zuo D, Hu M, Zhou W, Lei F, Zhao J, Gu L. EcAGL enhances cadmium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana through inhibits cadmium transport and ethylene synthesis pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107900. [PMID: 37482029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal with severe impacts on plant growth and development. Although a multitude of plants have acquired strong tolerance to Cd stress, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified a Agamous-like MADS-box gene (EcAGL) from Erigeron canadensis. The expression of EcAGL was obviously raised under Cd stress and subcellular localization indicated EcAGL was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of EcAGL in Arabidopsis thaliana showed marked alleviation of the Cd-induced reduction; Compared to wild-type lines, the antioxidant enzymes activities were increased in EcAGL overexpressing lines under Cd stress. The roots Cd content of transgenic lines was not different with the control plants, whereas significant reduction in shoots Cd content was detected in the transgenic lines, indicating that this gene can enhance Cd tolerance by reducing Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the expression levels of heavy metal ATPase (AtHMA2 and AtHMA3) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (AtNRAMP5) genes in the root of transgenic lines decreased under Cd stress, indicating that EcAGL likely hampered the Cd transport pathway. Gene expression profiles in shoot showed that EcAGL likely modulates the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (AtACS2), which is involved in the ethylene synthesis pathway, to strengthen the tolerance to Cd. Collectively, these results indicate that EcAGL plays a significant role in regulating Cd tolerance in E. canadensis by alleviating oxidative stress, Cd transport and affecting the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, providing new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying plant tolerance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fangping Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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7
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Tyagi S, Sharma Y, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138636. [PMID: 37040835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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8
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Xu N, Chen B, Cheng Y, Su Y, Song M, Guo R, Wang M, Deng K, Lan T, Bao S, Wang G, Guo Z, Yu L. Integration of GWAS and RNA-Seq Analysis to Identify SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Alkali Stress Tolerance at the Germination Stage in Mung Bean. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1294. [PMID: 37372474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salt-alkalization seriously impacts crop growth and productivity worldwide. Breeding and applying tolerant varieties is the most economical and effective way to address soil alkalization. However, genetic resources for breeders to improve alkali tolerance are limited in mung bean. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to detect alkali-tolerant genetic loci and candidate genes in 277 mung bean accessions during germination. Using the relative values of two germination traits, 19 QTLs containing 32 SNPs significantly associated with alkali tolerance on nine chromosomes were identified, and they explained 3.6 to 14.6% of the phenotypic variance. Moreover, 691 candidate genes were mined within the LD intervals containing significant trait-associated SNPs. Transcriptome sequencing of alkali-tolerant accession 132-346 under alkali and control conditions after 24 h of treatment was conducted, and 2565 DEGs were identified. An integrated analysis of the GWAS and DEGs revealed six hub genes involved in alkali tolerance responses. Moreover, the expression of hub genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of alkali stress tolerance and provide potential resources (SNPs and genes) for the genetic improvement of alkali tolerance in mung bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Bingru Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Yufei Su
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Mengyuan Song
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Rongqiu Guo
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Minghai Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Kunpeng Deng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Tianjiao Lan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Shuying Bao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Zhongxiao Guo
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Lihe Yu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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9
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Li R, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Su H, Li J. Overexpression of LSU1 and LSU2 confers cadmium tolerance by manipulating sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:139046. [PMID: 37244555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation using plants is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for removing cadmium (Cd) from soil. Plants used for phytoremediation must have a high Cd accumulation capacity and strong Cd tolerance. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance and accumulation in plants is of great interest. In response to Cd exposure, plants produce various thio-rich compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins, which play important roles in Cd immobilization, sequestration, and detoxification. Therefore, sulfur (S) metabolism is crucial for Cd tolerance and accumulation. In this study, we report that the overexpression of low-S responsive genes, LSU1 and LSU2, confers Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis. First, LSU1 and LSU2 promoted S assimilation under Cd stress. Second, LSU1 and LSU2 inhibited the biosynthesis and promoted the degradation of aliphatic glucosinolates, which could limit the consumption and enhance the release of S, thus, facilitating the production of the S-rich metabolites, glutathione, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins. We further demonstrated that the Cd tolerance mediated by LSU1 and LSU2 was dependent on the myrosinases BGLU28 and BGLU30, which catalyze the degradation of aliphatic glucosinolates. In addition, the overexpression of LSU1 and LSU2 improved Cd accumulation, which has great potential for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zihuan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongzhu Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Rahman IMM, Khan BM. Physiological responses of wild grass Holcus lanatus L. to potentially toxic elements in soils: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54470-54482. [PMID: 36995503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils accumulate in plants, obstruct their growth, and pose hazards to the consumer via the food chain. Many kinds of grass, grass-like plants, and other higher plant species have evolved a tolerance to PTEs. Holcus lanatus L., a wild grass, is also tolerant (an excluder) of PTEs, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). However, the extent of tolerance varies among ecotypes and genotypes. The PTE tolerance mechanism of H. lanatus curtails the typical uptake process and causes a reduced translocation of PTEs from the roots to the shoots, while such a characteristic is useful for contaminated land management. The ecology and response patterns of Holcus lanatus L. to PTEs, along with the associated mechanisms, are reviewed in the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Bayezid M Khan
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
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11
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Genome-wide identification of PLATZ genes related to cadmium tolerance in Populus trichocarpa and characterization of the role of PtPLATZ3 in phytoremediation of cadmium. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:732-743. [PMID: 36563811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) proteins are a class of plant-specific zinc finger transcription factors that perform critical functions in plant development and resistance. However, the function of PLATZs in heavy metal tolerance has not yet been investigated. Moreover, only a few PLATZ proteins have been functionally characterized in tree species. In this study, we identified 18 PtPLATZ genes in Populus trichocarpa, an important woody model plant, and classified them into five groups. PtPLATZ genes attributed to the same clade usually possess similar exon-intron structures containing two or three introns, as well as a similar motif composition. Furthermore, chromosomal location analysis indicated an uneven distribution of PtPLATZ genes on 13 of the 19 Populus chromosomes. Promoter cis-acting element prediction and gene expression analysis showed that PtPLATZ genes were highly responsive to heavy metal stress. Heterologous yeast expression revealed that PtPLATZ1, PtPLATZ2, PtPLATZ3, PtPLATZ4, PtPLATZ8 and PtPLATZ9 are significantly involved in Cd tolerance. In addition, transgenic expression of PtPLATZ3 significantly enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation, slowed the decline in chlorophyll content, maintained membrane integrity in Populus, and increased the expression of genes related to Cd tolerance and accumulation. In conclusion, our results suggest the potential of PtPLATZ3 to improve Cd tolerance and accumulation in Populus, which is of great significance for phytoremediation.
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12
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Luo F, Zhu D, Sun H, Zou R, Duan W, Liu J, Yan Y. Wheat Selenium-binding protein TaSBP-A enhances cadmium tolerance by decreasing free Cd 2+ and alleviating the oxidative damage and photosynthesis impairment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1103241. [PMID: 36824198 PMCID: PMC9941557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, one of the toxic heavy metals, robustly impact crop growth and development and food safety. In this study, the mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) selenium-binding protein-A (TaSBP-A) involved in response to Cd stress was fully investigated by overexpression in Arabidopsis and wheat. As a cytoplasm protein, TaSBP-A showed a high expression in plant roots and its expression levels were highly induced by Cd treatment. The overexpression of TaSBP-A enhanced Cd-toleration in yeast, Arabidopsis and wheat. Meanwhile, transgenic Arabidopsis under Cd stress showed a lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde content and a higher photochemical efficiency in the leaf and a reduction of free Cd2+ in the root. Transgenic wheat seedlings of TaSBP exhibited an increment of Cd content in the root, and a reduction Cd content in the leaf under Cd2+ stress. Cd2+ binding assay combined with a thermodynamics survey and secondary structure analysis indicated that the unique CXXC motif in TaSBP was a major Cd-binding site participating in the Cd detoxification. These results suggested that TaSBP-A can enhance the sequestration of free Cd2+ in root and inhibit the Cd transfer from root to leaf, ultimately conferring plant Cd-tolerance via alleviating the oxidative stress and photosynthesis impairment triggered by Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yueming Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhu Y, Peng S, Zhao L, Feng W, Dong C. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the HD-Zip gene family and expression analysis in response to stress in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2096787. [PMID: 35899840 PMCID: PMC9336491 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2096787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The HD-Zip family of transcription factors is unique to the plant kingdom, and play roles in modulation of plant growth and response to environmental stresses. R. glutinosa is an important Chinese medicinal material. Its yield and quality are susceptible to various stresses. The HD-Zip transcription factors is unique to the plant, and roles in modulation of plant growth and response to environmental stresses. However, there is no relevant research on the HD-ZIP of R. glutinosa. In this study, 92 HD-Zip transcription factors were identified in R. glutinosa, and denominated as RgHDZ1-RgHDZ92. Members of RgHDZ were classified into four groups (HD-ZipI-IV) based on the phylogenetic relationship of Arabidopsis HD-Zip proteins, and each group contains 38, 18, 17, and 19 members, respectively. Expression analyses of RgHDZ genes based on transcriptome data showed that the expression of these genes could be induced by the endophytic fungus of R. glutinosa. Additionally, we showed that RgHDZ genes were differentially expressed in response to drought, waterlogging, temperature, and salinity treatments. This study provides important information for different expression patterns of stress-responsive HD-Zip and may contribute to the better understanding of the different responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, and provide a molecular basis for the cultivation of resistant varieties of R. glutinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R.China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Le Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R.China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengming Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R.China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Zheng T, Wu G, Tao X, He B. Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 enhances cadmium tolerance via the glutathione-dependent phytochelatin synthesis pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111357. [PMID: 35718335 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) in which SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) is covalently conjugated to protein substrates via a range of enzymes. SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 is involved in mediating several essential or nonessential element-responsive SUMO conjugations in Arabidopsis. However, whether SIZ1 is involved in the cadmium (Cd) response remains to be identified. In this study, we found that SIZ1 positively regulates plant Cd tolerance. The loss-of-function siz1-2 mutant exhibited impaired resistance to Cd exposure and accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the transcription of GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2 was suppressed while the accumulation of Cd was enhanced in the siz1-2 mutant under Cd exposure. Further analysis revealed that the higher Cd sensitivity of the siz1-2 mutant was partially rescued by the overexpression of GSH1. Consistently, Cd stress stimulated the accumulation of SUMO1 conjugates in wild-type plants but not in the siz1-2 mutant. Together, our results demonstrate that Cd-induced SIZ1 activates GSH- and PC synthesis-related gene expression to increase the synthesis of GSH- and PCs, thereby leading to higher Cd tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China; Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guo Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China; Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Synergetic modulation of plant cadmium tolerance via MYB75-mediated ROS homeostasis and transcriptional regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1515-1530. [PMID: 35503475 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE MYB75 enhances plant cadmium tolerance by mediating ROS homeostasis and cadmium tolerance-related genes expression. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with biological toxicity, which can be detoxified through chelation and compartmentation in plants. Transcriptional regulation mediates plant Cd tolerance by modulating these processes. However, the mechanism remains to be studied. Our results showed a previously unknown function of MYB75 transcription factor in the regulation of Cd tolerance. Cd exposure stimulates anthocyanin accumulation by raising MYB75 expression. Enhanced Cd tolerance was observed in the MYB75-overexpressing plants, whereas increased Cd sensitivity was found in the MYB75 loss-of-function mutants. Under Cd stress conditions, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected in MYB75-overexpressing plants than in wild type plants. In contrast, higher ROS levels were found in MYB75 loss-of-function mutants. Overexpression of MYB75 was associated with increased glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) content under Cd exposure. Furthermore, the expression of Cd stress-related gene including ACBP2 and ABCC2 was elevated in MYB75-overexpressing plants, and this upregulation was mediated through the mechanism by which MYB75 directly bind to the promoter of ACBP2 and ABCC2. Our findings reveal an important role for MYB75 in the regulation of plant Cd tolerance via anthocyanin-mediated ROS homeostasis, and through upregulation of Cd stress-related gene at the transcriptional level.
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16
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Wang PL, Lei XJ, Wang YY, Liu BC, Wang DN, Liu ZY, Gao CQ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cadmium Stressed Tamarix hispida Revealed Novel Transcripts and the Importance of Abscisic Acid Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843725. [PMID: 35519810 PMCID: PMC9062237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is widely detected in soil and has been recognized as a major environmental problem. Tamarix hispida is a woody halophyte, which can form natural forest on the desert and soil with 0.5 to 1% salt content, making it an ideal plant for the research on response to abiotic stresses. However, no systematic study has investigated the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in T. hispida. In the study, RNA-seq technique was applied to analyze the transcriptomic changes in T. hispida treated with 150 μmol L-1 CdCl2 for 24, 48, and 72 h compared with control. In total, 72,764 unigenes exhibited similar sequences in the Non-redundant nucleic acid database (NR database), while 36.3% of all these unigenes may be new transcripts. In addition, 6,778, 8,282, and 8,601 DEGs were detected at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Functional annotation analysis indicated that many genes may be involved in Cd stress response, including ion bonding, signal transduction, stress sensing, hormone responses and ROS metabolism. A ThUGT gene from the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway can enhance Cd resistance ability of T. hispida by regulating the production of ROS under Cd stress and inhibit absorption of Cd. The new transcriptome resources and data that we present in this study for T. hispida may facilitate investigation of molecular mechanisms governing Cd resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan-ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai-Qiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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17
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Yang J, Li L, Zhang X, Wu S, Han X, Li X, Xu J. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Roots and Leaves under Cd Stress in Calotropis gigantea L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063329. [PMID: 35328749 PMCID: PMC8955323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea is often found in mining areas with heavy metal pollution. However, little is known about the physiological and molecular response mechanism of C. gigantea to Cd stress. In the present study, Cd tolerance characteristic of C. gigantea and the potential mechanisms were explored. Seed germination test results showed that C. gigantea had a certain Cd tolerance capacity. Biochemical and transcriptomic analysis indicated that the roots and leaves of C. gigantea had different responses to early Cd stress. A total of 176 and 1618 DEGs were identified in the roots and leaves of C. gigantea treated with Cd compared to the control samples, respectively. Results indicated that oxidative stress was mainly initiated in the roots of C. gigantea, whereas the leaves activated several Cd detoxification processes to cope with Cd, including the upregulation of genes involved in Cd transport (i.e., absorption, efflux, or compartmentalization), cell wall remodeling, antioxidant system, and chelation. This study provides preliminary information to understand how C. gigantea respond to Cd stress, which is useful for evaluating the potential of C. gigantea in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Lingxiong Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Shibo Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.X.)
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18
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Metalloprotein-Specific or Critical Amino Acid Residues: Perspectives on Plant-Precise Detoxification and Recognition Mechanisms under Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031734. [PMID: 35163656 PMCID: PMC8836122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in cultivated land is caused by irresistible geological factors and human activities; intense diffusion and migration have seriously affected the safety of food crops. Plants have evolved mechanisms to control excessive influx of Cd in the environment, such as directional transport, chelation and detoxification. This is done by some specific metalloproteins, whose key amino acid motifs have been investigated by scientists one by one. The application of powerful cell biology, crystal structure science, and molecular probe targeted labeling technology has identified a series of protein families involved in the influx, transport and detoxification of the heavy metal Cd. This review summarizes them as influx proteins (NRAMP, ZIP), chelating proteins (MT, PDF), vacuolar proteins (CAX, ABCC, MTP), long-distance transport proteins (OPT, HMA) and efflux proteins (PCR, ABCG). We selected representative proteins from each family, and compared their amino acid sequence, motif structure, subcellular location, tissue specific distribution and other characteristics of differences and common points, so as to summarize the key residues of the Cd binding target. Then, we explain its special mechanism of action from the molecular structure. In conclusion, this review is expected to provide a reference for the exploration of key amino acid targets of Cd, and lay a foundation for the intelligent design and breeding of crops with high/low Cd accumulation.
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Hawamda AIM, Reichert S, Ali MA, Nawaz MA, Austerlitz T, Schekahn P, Abbas A, Tenhaken R, Bohlmann H. Characterization of an Arabidopsis Defensin-like Gene Conferring Resistance against Nematodes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030280. [PMID: 35161268 PMCID: PMC8838067 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains 317 genes for defensin-like (DEFL) peptides. DEFLs have been grouped into different families based mainly on cysteine motifs. The DEFL0770 group contains seven genes, of which four are strongly expressed in roots. We found that the expression of these genes is downregulated in syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii as revealed by RNAseq analysis. We have studied one gene of this group, At3g59930, in detail. A promoter::GUS line revealed that the gene is only expressed in roots but not in other plant organs. Infection of the GUS line with larvae of H. schachtii showed a strong downregulation of GUS expression in infection sites as early as 1 dpi, confirming the RNAseq data. The At3g59930 peptide had only weak antimicrobial activity against Botrytis cinerea. Overexpression lines had no enhanced resistance against this fungus but were more resistant to H. schachtii infection. Our data indicate that At3g59930 is involved in resistance to nematodes which is probably not due to direct nematicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmenem I. M. Hawamda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Susanne Reichert
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tina Austerlitz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Patricia Schekahn
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Amjad Abbas
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (S.R.); (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (P.S.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Liu Y, Hua YP, Chen H, Zhou T, Yue CP, Huang JY. Genome-scale identification of plant defensin ( PDF) family genes and molecular characterization of their responses to diverse nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12007. [PMID: 34603847 PMCID: PMC8445089 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins (PDFs), short peptides with strong antibacterial activity, play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. However, there are few systematic analyses on PDFs in Brassica napus. Here, bioinformatics methods were used to identify genome-wide PDFs in Brassica napus, and systematically analyze physicochemical properties, expansion pattern, phylogeny, and expression profiling of BnaPDFs under diverse nutrient stresses. A total of 37 full-length PDF homologs, divided into two subgroups (PDF1s and PDF2s), were identified in the rapeseed genome. A total of two distinct clades were identified in the BnaPDF phylogeny. Clade specific conserved motifs were identified within each clade respectively. Most BnaPDFs were proved to undergo powerful purified selection. The PDF members had enriched cis-elements related to growth and development, hormone response, environmental stress response in their promoter regions. GO annotations indicate that the functional pathways of BnaPDFs are mainly involved in cells killing and plant defense responses. In addition, bna-miRNA164 and bna-miRNA172 respectively regulate the expression of their targets BnaA2.PDF2.5 and BnaC7.PDF2.6. The expression patterns of BnaPDFs were analyzed in different tissues. BnaPDF1.2bs was mainly expressed in the roots, whereas BnaPDF2.2s and BnaPDF2.3s were both expressed in stamen, pericarp, silique, and stem. However, the other BnaPDF members showed low expression levels in various tissues. Differential expression of BnaPDFs under nitrate limitation, ammonium excess, phosphorus starvation, potassium deficiency, cadmium toxicity, and salt stress indicated that they might participate in different nutrient stress resistance. The genome-wide identification and characterization of BnaPDFs will enrich understanding of their molecular characteristics and provide elite gene resources for genetic improvement of rapeseed resistance to nutrient stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai-Peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Wu Z, Liu D, Yue N, Song H, Luo J, Zhang Z. PDF1.5 Enhances Adaptation to Low Nitrogen Levels and Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910455. [PMID: 34638794 PMCID: PMC8509053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental acclimation ability plays a key role in plant growth, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we determined the involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana PLANT DEFENSIN 1 gene AtPDF1.5 in the adaptation to low nitrogen (LN) levels and cadmium (Cd) stress. Histochemical analysis revealed that AtPDF1.5 was mainly expressed in the nodes and carpopodium and was significantly induced in plants exposed to LN conditions and Cd stress. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF1.5 was cell wall- and cytoplasm-localized. AtPDF1.5 overexpression significantly enhanced adaptation to LN and Cd stress and enhanced the distribution of metallic elements. The functional disruption of AtPDF1.5 reduced adaptations to LN and Cd stress and impaired metal distribution. Under LN conditions, the nitrate transporter AtNRT1.5 expression was upregulated. Nitrate transporter AtNRT1.8 expression was downregulated when AtPDF1.5 was overexpressed, resulting in enhanced transport of NO3- to shoots. In response to Cd treatment, AtPDF1.5 regulated the expression of metal transporter genes AtHMP07, AtNRAMP4, AtNRAMP1, and AtHIPP3, resulting in higher Cd accumulation in the shoots. We conclude that AtPDF1.5 is involved in the processing or transmission of signal substances and plays an important role in the remediation of Cd pollution and LN adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- National Centre of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ningyan Yue
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- National Centre of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haixing Song
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- National Centre of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- National Centre of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.W.); (D.L.); (N.Y.); (H.S.)
- National Centre of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
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22
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Omidvar R, Vosseler N, Abbas A, Gutmann B, Grünwald-Gruber C, Altmann F, Siddique S, Bohlmann H. Analysis of a gene family for PDF-like peptides from Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18948. [PMID: 34556705 PMCID: PMC8460643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins are small, basic peptides that have a characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern which is stabilized by four disulfide bridges. We show here that Arabidopsis contains in addition to the proper plant defensins a group of 9 plant defensin-like (PdfL) genes. They are all expressed at low levels while GUS fusions of the promoters showed expression in most tissues with only minor differences. We produced two of the encoded peptides in E. coli and tested the antimicrobial activity in vitro. Both were highly active against fungi but had lower activity against bacteria. At higher concentrations hyperbranching and swollen tips, which are indicative of antimicrobial activity, were induced in Fusarium graminearum by both peptides. Overexpression lines for most PdfL genes were produced using the 35S CaMV promoter to study their possible in planta function. With the exception of PdfL4.1 these lines had enhanced resistance against F. oxysporum. All PDFL peptides were also transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with agroinfiltration using the pPZP3425 vector. In case of PDFL1.4 this resulted in complete death of the infiltrated tissues after 7 days. All other PDFLs resulted only in various degrees of small necrotic lesions. In conclusion, our results show that at least some of the PdfL genes could function in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Omidvar
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Nadine Vosseler
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Amjad Abbas
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Birgit Gutmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- RIVIERA Pharma and Cosmetics GmbH, Holzhackerstraße 1, Tulln, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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23
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Luo JS, Zhang Z. Mechanisms of cadmium phytoremediation and detoxification in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Bora MS, Sarma KP. Anatomical and ultrastructural alterations in Ceratopteris pteridoides under cadmium stress: A mechanism of cadmium tolerance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112285. [PMID: 33957421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present research is an appraisal of anatomical and ultrastructural alterations in aquatic fern, Ceratopteris pteridoides under cadmium (Cd) exposure. Plants were cultured hydroponically for 12 consecutive days in different Cd treatments: 10 µM L-1 (CDT1), 20 µM L-1 (CDT2), 40 µM L-1 (CDT3) and 60 µM L-1 (CDT4). Anatomical and ultrastructural changes of different vegetative tissues of C. pteridoides were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cd stress significantly (P < 0.05) decreased water content percentage (WC%), relative growth rate (RGR) and root activity in C. pteridoides, especially at highest Cd concentration (treatment CDT4). Significant (P < 0.05) drop of stress tolerance indices (STI) was noticed in C. pteridoides under treatment CDT4. Anatomical study of the Cd-treated C. pteridoides showed stomatal closure of leaves, reduction of diameter in xylem tracheids of stem and root, and decrease of intercellular spaces. Furthermore, ultrastructural alterations of leaf, stem, and root cells were evident with a damaged membrane system of chloroplast and mitochondria, disorganization of chloroplastic components, accumulation of large starch grains and plastoglobules, and formation of multivesicular bodies. The deposition of electron-dense material in the cell wall of root cells can be regarded as an important tolerance mechanism of C. pteridoides under Cd stress. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of Cd-treated C. pteridoides biomass illustrated Cd-binding interaction with O-H, N-H, C-H, C≡C, C˭O, P˭O, -C-OH and CS functional groups of different metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monashree Sarma Bora
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kali Prasad Sarma
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India.
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25
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Gu C, Huang S, Yuan H, Dhankher OP. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals complex regulatory and metabolic response of Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis to cadmium toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123165. [PMID: 32569986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Iris lactea var. chinensis showed strong Cd tolerance and accumulation ability, which has significant potential to be applied for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. However, the lack of molecular information on the mechanism of I. lactea response to Cd limited the improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, label-free proteomics analysis of Cd response in I. lactea showed that there were 163 and 196 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the shoots and roots, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the DEPs responding to Cd stress mainly involved in signal transduction, ion transport, redox etc., and participate in the pathway of amino acid biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Besides, differential expression of seven DEPs was validated via gene expression analysis. Finally, we found that a Cd-induced mannose-specific lectin (IlMSL) from I. lactea enhanced the Cd sensitivity and increased Cd accumulation in yeast. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance and accumulation in I. lactea and ultimately provide valuable resources for using Cd tolerant genes for developing efficient strategies for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils or limiting Cd accumulation in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinjie Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chunsun Gu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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26
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Halim MA, Rahman MM, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Cadmium Immobilization in the Rhizosphere and Plant Cellular Detoxification: Role of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Sustainable Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13497-13529. [PMID: 33170689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food is the major cadmium (Cd)-exposure pathway from agricultural soils to humans and other living entities and must be reduced in an effective way. A plant can select beneficial microbes, like plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), depending upon the nature of root exudates in the rhizosphere, for its own benefits, such as plant growth promotion as well as protection from metal toxicity. This review intends to seek out information on the rhizo-immobilization of Cd in polluted soils using the PGPR along with plant nutrient fertilizers. This review suggests that the rhizo-immobilization of Cd by a combination of PGPR and nanohybrid-based plant nutrient fertilizers would be a potential and sustainable technology for phytoavailable Cd immobilization in the rhizosphere and plant cellular detoxification, by keeping the plant nutrition flow and green dynamics of plant nutrition and boosting the plant growth and development under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Halim
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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27
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Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070177. [PMID: 32708065 PMCID: PMC7407403 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment, and has noxious effects on plant growth and production. Cd-accumulating plants showed reduced growth and productivity. Therefore, remediation of this non-essential and toxic pollutant is a prerequisite. Plant-based phytoremediation methodology is considered as one a secure, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach for toxic metal remediation. Phytoremediating plants transport and accumulate Cd inside their roots, shoots, leaves, and vacuoles. Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites through hyperaccumulator plants proves a ground-breaking and profitable choice to combat the contaminants. Moreover, the efficiency of Cd phytoremediation and Cd bioavailability can be improved by using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emerging modern molecular technologies have augmented our insight into the metabolic processes involved in Cd tolerance in regular cultivated crops and hyperaccumulator plants. Plants’ development via genetic engineering tools, like enhanced metal uptake, metal transport, Cd accumulation, and the overall Cd tolerance, unlocks new directions for phytoremediation. In this review, we outline the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd phytoremediation. Further, a focus on the potential of omics and genetic engineering strategies has been documented for the efficient remediation of a Cd-contaminated environment.
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28
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Liu M, Liu X, Kang J, Korpelainen H, Li C. Are males and females of Populus cathayana differentially sensitive to Cd stress? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122411. [PMID: 32114141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study clarifies the mechanisms of Cd uptake, translocation and detoxification in Populus cathayana Rehder females and males, and reveals a novel strategy for dioecious plants to cope with Cd contamination. Females exhibited a high degree of Cd uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, while males showed extensive Cd accumulation in roots, elevated antioxidative capacity, and effective cellular and bark Cd sequestration. Our study also found that Cd is largely located in epidermal and cortical tissues of male roots and leaves, while in females, more Cd was present in vascular tissues of roots and leaves, as well as in leaf mesophyll. In addition, the distributions of sulphur (S) and phosphorus (P) were very similar as that of Cd in males, but the associations were weak in females. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectroscopy analyses suggested that the amounts of tissue Cd were positively correlated with P and S amounts in males, but not in females (a weak correlation between S and Cd). Transcriptional data suggested that Cd stress promoted the upregulation of genes related to Cd uptake and translocation in females, and that of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, metal tolerance and secondary metabolism in males. Our results indicated that coordinated physiological, microstructural and transcriptional responses to Cd stress endowed superior Cd tolerance in males compared with females, and provided new insights into mechanisms underlying sexually differential responses to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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29
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Wang Q, Zeng X, Song Q, Sun Y, Feng Y, Lai Y. Identification of key genes and modules in response to Cadmium stress in different rice varieties and stem nodes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9525. [PMID: 32533096 PMCID: PMC7293223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens food safety. This study aimed to identify genes related to Cd accumulation in rice. Low- (Shennong 315, short for S315) and high- (Shendao 47, short for S47) Cd-accumulative rice cultivars were incubated with CdCl2·2.5H2O. RNA-seq and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify the modules and genes associated with Cd-accumulative traits of rice. After Cd stress treatment, the Cd content in various tissues of S315 was significantly higher than that of S47. In the stem nodes, the Cd distribution results of the two varieties indicated that the unelongated nodes near the root (short for node A) had a stronger ability to block Cd transfer upwards than the panicle node (short for node B). Cd stress induced huge changes in gene expression profiles. After analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in significantly correlated WGCNA modules, we found that genes related to heavy metal transportation had higher expression levels in node A than that in node B, such as Copper transporter 6 (OS04G0415600), Zinc transporter 10 (OS06G0566300), and some heavy-metal associated proteins (OS11G0147500, OS03G0861400, and OS10G0506100). In the comparison results between S315 and S47, the expression of chitinase (OS03G0679700 and OS06G0726200) was increased by Cd treatment in S315. In addition, OsHSPs (OS05G0460000, OS08G0500700), OsHSFC2A (OS02G0232000), and OsDJA5 (OS03G0787300) were found differentially expressed after Cd treatment in S315, but changed less in S47. In summary, different rice varieties have different processes and intensities in response to Cd stress. The node A might function as the key tissue for blocking Cd upward transport into the panicle via vigorous processes, including of heavy metal transportation, response to stress, and cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiannan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjiang Feng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
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30
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Cai Z, Xian P, Wang H, Lin R, Lian T, Cheng Y, Ma Q, Nian H. Transcription Factor GmWRKY142 Confers Cadmium Resistance by Up-Regulating the Cadmium Tolerance 1-Like Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:724. [PMID: 32582254 PMCID: PMC7283499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that is toxic to living organisms. Previous studies have identified certain WRKY transcription factors, which confer Cd tolerance in different plant species. In the present study, we have identified 29 Cd-responsive WRKY genes in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and confirmed that 26 of those GmWRKY genes were up-regulated, while 3 were down-regulated. We have also cloned the novel, positively regulated GmWRKY142 gene from soybean and investigated its regulatory mechanism in Cd tolerance. GmWRKY142 was highly expressed in the root, drastically up-regulated by Cd, localized in the nucleus, and displayed transcriptional activity. The overexpression of GmWRKY142 in Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean hairy roots significantly enhanced Cd tolerance and lead to extensive transcriptional reprogramming of stress-responsive genes. ATCDT1, GmCDT1-1, and GmCDT1-2 encoding cadmium tolerance 1 were induced in overexpression lines. Further analysis showed that GmWRKY142 activated the transcription of ATCDT1, GmCDT1-1, and GmCDT1-2 by directly binding to the W-box element in their promoters. In addition, the functions of GmCDT1-1 and GmCDT1-2, responsible for decreasing Cd uptake, were validated by heterologous expression in A. thaliana. Our combined results have determined GmWRKYs to be newly discovered participants in response to Cd stress, and have confirmed that GmWRKY142 directly targets ATCDT1, GmCDT1-1, and GmCDT1-2 to decrease Cd uptake and positively regulate Cd tolerance. The GmWRKY142-GmCDT1-1/2 cascade module provides a potential strategy to lower Cd accumulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Xian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Integrated Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiling Reveals Potential Amino Acid Transporters Targeted by Nitrogen Limitation Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062171. [PMID: 32245240 PMCID: PMC7139695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and crop productivity. Organic N is a major form of remobilized N in plants’ response to N limitation. It is necessary to understand the regulatory role of N limitation adaption (NLA) in organic N remobilization for this adaptive response. Transcriptional and proteomic analyses were integrated to investigate differential responses of wild-type (WT) and nla mutant plants to N limitation and to identify the core organic N transporters targeted by NLA. Under N limitation, the nla mutant presented an early senescence with faster chlorophyll loss and less anthocyanin accumulation than the WT, and more N was transported out of the aging leaves in the form of amino acids. High-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that N limitation repressed genes involved in photosynthesis and protein synthesis, and promoted proteolysis; these changes were higher in the nla mutant than in the WT. Both transcriptional and proteomic profiling demonstrated that LHT1, responsible for amino acid remobilization, were only significantly upregulated in the nla mutant under N limitation. These findings indicate that NLA might target LHT1 and regulate organic N remobilization, thereby improving our understanding of the regulatory role of NLA on N remobilization under N limitation.
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Liu A, Zhou Z, Yi Y, Chen G. Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of stem nodes in cadmium transport to rice grain. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:127. [PMID: 32028884 PMCID: PMC7003353 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Node is the central organ of transferring nutrients and ions in plants. Cadmium (Cd) induced crop pollution threatens the food safety. Breeding of low Cd accumulation cultivar is a chance to resolve this universal problem. This study was performed to identify tissue specific genes involved in Cd accumulation in different rice stem nodes. Panicle node and the first node under panicle (node I) were sampled in two rice cultivars: Xiangwanxian No. 12 (low Cd accumulation cultivar) and Yuzhenxiang (high Cd accumulation cultivar). RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs. RESULTS Xiangwanxian No. 12 had lower Cd concentration in panicle node, node I and grain compared with Yuzhenxiang, and node I had the highest Cd concentration in the two cultivars. RNA seq analysis identified 4535 DEGs and 70 miRNAs between the two cultivars. Most genesrelated to the "transporter activity", such as OsIRT1, OsNramp5, OsVIT2, OsNRT1.5A, and OsABCC1, play roles in blocking the upward transport of Cd. Among the genes related to "response to stimulus", we identified OsHSP70 and OsHSFA2d/B2c in Xiangwanxian No. 12, but not in Yuzhenxiang, were all down-regulated by Cd stimulus. The up-regulation of miRNAs (osa-miR528 and osa-miR408) in Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a potent role in lowering Cd accumulation via down regulating the expression of candidate genes, such as bZIP, ERF, MYB, SnRK1 and HSPs. CONCLUSIONS Both panicle node and node I of Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a key role in blocking the upward transportation of Cd, while node I played a critical role in Yuzhenxiang. Distinct expression patterns of various transporter genes such as OsNRT1.5A, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsVIT2 and OsABCC1 resulted in differential Cd accumulation in different nodes. Likewise, distinct expression patterns of these transporter genes are likely responsible for the low Cd accumulation in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar. MiRNAs drove multiple transcription factors, such as OsbZIPs, OsERFs, OsMYBs, to play a role in Cd stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yake Yi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128 People’s Republic of China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops (CICGO), Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People’s Republic of China
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Luo JS, Xiao Y, Yao J, Wu Z, Yang Y, Ismail AM, Zhang Z. Overexpression of a Defensin-Like Gene CAL2 Enhances Cadmium Accumulation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32174951 PMCID: PMC7057248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and detoxification of cadmium in rice shoots are of great importance for adaptation to grow in cadmium contaminated soils and for limiting the transport of Cd to grains. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the processes involved in this regulation remain largely unknown. Defensin proteins play important roles in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants. In rice, the cell wall-localized defensin protein (CAL1) is involved in Cd efflux and partitioning to the shoots. In the present study, we functionally characterized the CAL2 defensin protein and determined its contribution to Cd accumulation. CAL2 shared 66% similarity with CAL1, and its mRNA accumulation is mainly observed in roots and is unaffected by Cd stress, but its transcription level was lower than that of CAL1 based on the relative expression of CAL2/Actin1 observed in this study and that reported previously. A promoter-GUS assay revealed that CAL2 is expressed in root tips. Stable expression of the CAL2-mRFP fusion protein indicated that CAL2 is also localized in the cell walls. An in vitro Cd binding experiment revealed that CAL2 has Cd chelation activity. Overexpression of CAL2 increased Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis and rice shoots, but it had no effect on the accumulation of other essential elements. Heterologous expression of CAL2 enhanced Cd sensitivity in Arabidopsis, whereas overexpression of CAL2 had no effect on Cd tolerance in rice. These findings indicate that CAL2 positively regulates Cd accumulation in ectopic overexpression lines of Arabidopsis and rice. We have identified a new gene regulating Cd accumulation in rice grain, which would provide a new genetic resource for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Junyue Yao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang,
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Yao J, Luo JS, Xiao Y, Zhang Z. The plant defensin gene AtPDF2.1 mediates ammonium metabolism by regulating glutamine synthetase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:557. [PMID: 31842759 PMCID: PMC6916093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, ammonium metabolism is particularly important for converting absorbed nitrogen into amino acids. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this conversion remains largely unknown. RESULTS Using wild type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and AtPDF2.1 mutants (pdf2.1-1 and pdf2.1-2), we found that the small cysteine-rich peptide AtPDF2.1, a plant defensin, is involved in regulating ammonium metabolism in the shoot. Ammonium significantly induced the expression of AtPDF2.1 in the shoot and root, particularly in root xylem vascular bundles, as demonstrated by histochemical analysis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF2.1 was localized to the cell wall. Ammonium concentration was higher in the shoot of mutants than in the shoot of Col-0, but no differences were found for total nitrogen content, root ammonium concentration, and the expression of the ammonium transporter gene AtAMT2.1. The activity of glutamine synthetase was significantly decreased in mutants, and the glutamine synthetase family genes GLN1.3 and GLN1.5 were significantly downregulated in mutants compared to Col-0. The activity of nitrate reductase showed no difference between mutants and Col-0. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that AtPDF2.1 affects ammonium metabolism by regulating the expression of GLN1.3 and GLN1.5 through a yet unidentified mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Yao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Song Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha, 410128 China
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Belykh ES, Maystrenko TA, Velegzhaninov IO. Recent Trends in Enhancing the Resistance of Cultivated Plants to Heavy Metal Stress by Transgenesis and Transcriptional Programming. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:725-741. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Luo JS, Zhang Z. Proteomic changes in the xylem sap of Brassica napus under cadmium stress and functional validation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:280. [PMID: 31242871 PMCID: PMC6595625 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The xylem sap of vascular plants primarily transports water and mineral nutrients from the roots to the shoots and also transports heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). Proteomic changes in xylem sap is an important mechanism for detoxifying Cd by plants. However, it is unclear how proteins in xylem sap respond to Cd. Here, we investigated the effects of Cd stress on the xylem sap proteome of Brassica napus using a label-free shotgun proteomic approach to elucidate plant response mechanisms to Cd toxicity. RESULTS We identified and quantified 672 proteins; 67% were predicted to be secretory, and 11% (73 proteins) were unique to Cd-treated samples. Cd stress caused statistically significant and biologically relevant abundance changes in 28 xylem sap proteins. Among these proteins, the metabolic pathways that were most affected were related to cell wall modifications, stress/oxidoreductases, and lipid and protein metabolism. We functionally validated a plant defensin-like protein, BnPDFL, which belongs to the stress/oxidoreductase category, that was unique to the Cd-treated samples and played a positive role in Cd tolerance. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that BnPDFL is cell wall-localized. In vitro Cd-binding assays revealed that BnPDFL has Cd-chelating activity. BnPDFL heterologous overexpression significantly enhanced Cd tolerance in E. coli and Arabidopsis. Functional disruption of Arabidopsis plant defensin genes AtPDF2.3 and AtPDF2.2, which are mainly expressed in root vascular bundles, significantly decreased Cd tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Several xylem sap proteins in Brassica napus are differentially induced in response to Cd treatment, and plant defensin plays a positive role in Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, Changsha, 410128 China
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