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Stueck AE, Fiel MI. Hepatic graft-versus-host disease: what we know, when to biopsy, and how to diagnose. Hum Pathol 2023; 141:170-182. [PMID: 37541449 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the serious complications that may develop after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), for hematologic malignancies, solid organ transplantation, and other hematologic disorders. GVHD develops due to T lymphocytes present in the graft attacking the host antigens, which results in tissue damage. A significant number of HCT patients develop acute or chronic GVHD, which may affect multiple organs including the liver. The diagnosis of hepatic GVHD (hGVHD) is challenging as many other conditions in HCT patients may lead to liver dysfunction. Particularly challenging among the various conditions that give rise to liver dysfunction is differentiating sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from hGVHD on clinical grounds and laboratory tests. Despite the minimal risks involved in performing a liver biopsy, the information gleaned from the histopathologic changes may help in the management of these very complex patients. There is a spectrum of histologic features found in hGVHD, and most involve histopathologic changes affecting the interlobular bile ducts. These include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities including dysmorphic bile ducts, apoptosis, and cholangiocyte necrosis, among others. The hepatitic form of hGVHD typically shows severe acute hepatitis. With chronic hGVHD, there is progressive bile duct loss and eventually fibrosis. Accurate diagnosis of hGVHD is paramount so that timely treatment and management can be initiated. Techniques to prevent and lower the risk of GVHD from developing have recently evolved. If a diagnosis of acute GVHD is made, the first-line of treatment is steroids. Recurrence is common and steroid resistance or dependency is not unusual in this setting. Second-line therapies differ among institutions and have not been uniformly established. The development of GVHD, particularly hGVHD, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Stueck
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 715 - 5788 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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2
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Bris PN, Gauchez P, Devillier R, Galicier L, Collignon A, Piana G, Poizat F, Faucher M, Hospital MA, Vey N, Gonzalez F, Servan L, Chow-Chine L, Sannini A, Mokart D, Saillard C, Bisbal M. Hepatic haemophagocytosis in haematology patients with hepatic dysfunction: prognostic impact and contribution of liver biopsy combined with the haemophagocytic syndrome diagnostic score (HScore). Br J Haematol 2022; 199:106-116. [PMID: 35968907 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic dysfunction (HD) is common in patients with haematological malignancies. Hepatic haemophagocytosis (HH) was detected in >50% of liver biopsies taken when HD remained unresolved after standard examination. We aimed to explore the contribution of liver biopsy in patients with both haematological malignancies and HD, describe the population of patients with HH, assess the prognostic impact of HH, and investigate haemophagocytic syndrome diagnostic score (HScore) utility in patients with HH. Between 2016 and 2019, 116 consecutive liver biopsies (76 transjugular, 40 percutaneous) were taken in 110 patients with haematological malignancy and HD (hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated transaminases, and/or cholestasis) and without a clear diagnosis. Liver biopsies were safe and diagnostically efficient. Predominant diagnoses included: HH (56%), graft-versus-host disease (55%), associated infections (24%), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (15%), and tumoral infiltration (8%). Of patients, 35% were critically ill and 74% were allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, while 1-year overall survival (OS) was 35% with HH versus 58% without HH (p = 0.026). The 1-year OS was 24% with a HScore of ≥169 versus 50% with a HScore of <169 (p = 0.019). Liver biopsies are feasible in and contribute significantly to haematology patients with HD. HH occurred frequently and was associated with a poor prognosis. Combined with liver biopsy, the HScore may be helpful in refining haemophagocytic syndrome diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Nicolas Bris
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gauchez
- Pathology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | | | | | - Aude Collignon
- Hematology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Piana
- Imagery Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Flora Poizat
- Pathology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Faucher
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Norbert Vey
- Hematology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Gonzalez
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luca Servan
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chow-Chine
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Sannini
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Colombe Saillard
- Hematology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Bisbal
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Bisbal M, Darmon M, Saillard C, Mallet V, Mouliade C, Lemiale V, Benoit D, Pene F, Kouatchet A, Demoule A, Vincent F, Nyunga M, Bruneel F, Lebert C, Renault A, Meert AP, Hamidfar R, Jourdain M, Azoulay E, Mokart D. Hepatic dysfunction impairs prognosis in critically ill patients with hematological malignancies: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter multinational dataset. J Crit Care 2020; 62:88-93. [PMID: 33310587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperbilirubinemia is frequent in patients with hematological malignancies admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Literature about hepatic dysfunction (HD) in this context is scarce. METHODS We investigated the prognostic impact of HD analyzing a prospective multicenter cohort of 893 critically ill hematology patients. Two groups were defined: patients with HD (total bilirubin ≥33 μmol/L at ICU admission) and patients without HD. RESULTS Twenty one percent of patients were found to have HD at ICU admission. Cyclosporine, antimicrobials before ICU admission, abdominal symptoms, ascites, history of liver disease, neutropenia, increased serum creatinine and myeloma were independently associated with HD. Etiology remained undetermined in 73% of patients. Hospital mortality was 56.3% and 36.3% respectively in patients with and without HD (p < 0.0001). Prognostic factors independently associated with hospital mortality in HD group were, performance status >1 (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.49-2.87, p < 0.0001), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.69-5.71, p < 0.0001), renal replacement therapy (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.22-2.47, p = 0.002), vasoactive drug (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.21-2.71, p = 0.004) and SOFA score without bilirubin level at ICU admission (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.14, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HD is common, underestimated, infrequently investigated, and is associated with impaired outcome in critically ill hematology patients. HD should be considered upon ICU admission and managed as other organ dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Bisbal
- Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Michael Darmon
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Colombe Saillard
- Departement of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Mallet
- Departement of Hepatology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Mouliade
- Departement of Hepatology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lemiale
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Frederic Pene
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Achille Kouatchet
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Angers Teaching Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Intensive Care Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Bruneel
- Intensive Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Lebert
- Intensive Care Unit, La Roche-sur-Yon Hospital, La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Anne Renault
- Intensive Care Unit, Brest Hospital, Brest, France
| | | | - Rebecca Hamidfar
- Intensive Care Unit, Grenoble Teaching Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Merce Jourdain
- Intensive Care Unit, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU, Lille, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Drop of Butyrylcholinesterase Activity after Cyclophosphamide Conditioning as a Predictive Marker of Liver Transplant-Related Complications and Its Correlation with Transplant-Related Mortality in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060825. [PMID: 31185690 PMCID: PMC6617182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplant-related liver complications are a potentially fatal condition of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients, actually representing one of the main factors involved in transplant-related mortality (TRM). The search for a specific marker capable of predicting the development of this condition is a relevant clinical issue. We have observed a variable reduction in serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity after a cyclophosphamide-containing conditioning regimen. This study aims to determine the cutoff of BChE activity reduction that might be a specific prognostic marker for liver complications after HSCT. Our results show that the reduction of BChE values below 2000 U/L the day before the transplantation is an indicator strongly associated with the transplant-related liver complications (p < 0.0001). The incidence of overall survival at 1 year was significantly higher in the BChE > 2000 U/L group compared to the BChE < 2000 U/L group (84.7% versus 58.5%, p < 0.001), while the TRM rate was significantly lower (8.1% versus 23.1%, p < 0.05). None of the patients undergoing prophylaxis with defibrotide developed severe liver complications. Starting defibrotide treatment at the first signs of hepatic dysfunction in patients with particularly low BChE activity levels reduces severe liver transplant-related complications.
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Mahadeo KM, McArthur J, Adams RH, Radhi M, Angelo J, Jeyapalan A, Nicol K, Su L, Rabi H, Auletta JJ, Pai V, Duncan CN, Tamburro R, Dvorak CC, Bajwa RPS. Consensus Report by the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators and Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Joint Working Committees on Supportive Care Guidelines for Management of Veno-Occlusive Disease in Children and Adolescents: Part 2-Focus on Ascites, Fluid and Electrolytes, Renal, and Transfusion Issues. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:2023-2033. [PMID: 28823876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Even though hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), there is paucity of research on the management of associated multiorgan dysfunction. To help provide standardized care for the management of these patients, the HCT Subgroup of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators and the Supportive Care Committee of the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium, collaborated to develop evidence-based consensus guidelines. After conducting an extensive literature search, in part 2 of this series we discuss the management of fluids and electrolytes, renal dysfunction; ascites, pleural effusion, and transfusion and coagulopathy issues in patients with VOD. We consider the available evidence using the GRADE criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M Mahadeo
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Children's Cancer Hospital Houston, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer McArthur
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Roberta H Adams
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Mohamed Radhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Joseph Angelo
- Division of Nephrology, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Asumthia Jeyapalan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami- Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kathleen Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leon Su
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hanna Rabi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffery J Auletta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vinita Pai
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmacy Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christine N Duncan
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Tamburro
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania University, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rajinder P S Bajwa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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6
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The burden of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning: a prospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1294-1299. [PMID: 28581463 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study describes chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children (4-18 years) receiving their first hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Emetic episodes, nausea severity (assessed using a validated, self-report nausea severity assessment tool) and antiemetic administration were documented from the start of conditioning until 24 h after the last conditioning agent was administered (acute) and for a further 7 days (delayed). Relationships between CINV control and parenteral nutrition (PN) use and acute gut GvHD (aGvHD) were explored. Fifty-nine children (4.6-17.4 years) were evaluable. Complete chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV; acute: 24%; delayed 22%) and chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN; acute 7%; delayed 12%) control rates were low. Few children experienced complete CINV control (no vomiting/retching and no nausea) during the acute (5%) or delayed phases (12%). Children experiencing complete acute or delayed CIN control or complete delayed CIV control were more likely to have received: a lower proportion of their total energy requirement as PN at the end of the delayed phase (P<0.036) and PN for a shorter time (P<0.044). Low patient numbers did not permit evaluation of the association between gut aGvHD and CINV control. Effective and safe interventions aimed at improving CINV control in children are required.
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