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He H, Tan Y, Li L. Meta-Analysis of Children's Acute Psychological Stress and Action Stress on Immune Function under Microscope Images. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6549805. [PMID: 35368932 PMCID: PMC8967515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6549805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a complex system, mainly including immune cells and immune organs. When the human body is invaded by foreign substances, the immune system will play a role in resisting the attack of harmful substances and pure necrotic cells, which is the defense structure of the body. The purpose of this study was to analyze children's acute psychological stress and action stress, and judge the adverse effects on immune function. Through the stress experiment of rats, three experimental groups were set up, which were placebo control group, placebo stress group, and drug stress group. The experiments include material-level test, sugar preference test, body weight test, and lymphocyte test. The experimental data show that stress reaction not only causes negative emotions, but also reduces weight gain by about 5%, and sugar preference decreases by about 40% compared with the normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of granulocytes and intermediate cells in the blood, but the number of lymphocytes increased from 2.49 × 109/L to 5.03 × 109/L. It shows that acute psychological stress has an inhibitory effect on the immune function of the body; not only suitable load exercise can improve the immune function of the body but also the mechanism may be that moderate load exercise makes the rat axis has better adaptability, and improves hormones, cytokines, and cytokines. The secretion of neurotransmitters can maintain the stability of the body's immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiang He
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
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Tanoren B, Parlatan U, Parlak M, Selcuk B, Ates Alkan F, Pastaci Ozsobaci N, Albeniz G, Turker Sener L, Albeniz I, Unlu MB. Determination of modifications in rat liver due to phthalate uptake by SAM, RS, and ICP-OES. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2926-2935. [PMID: 34109334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of phthalates as plasticizers has been omnipresent, especially in cosmetics and food packaging, despite the proven effects on some organs of humans and animals. Therefore, alterations in living organisms due to phthalate exposure attract the attention of many scientists. Here, we demonstrate a mechanical and chemical investigation of the mentioned effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on rat liver by utilizing scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the first time in the literature, as far as we know. The combined analysis gives insights into the degree of modification in the tissue components and which chemicals lead to these modifications. Our study shows that the acoustic impedance values of tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats are higher than those of tissues of the control mother rat, while the acoustic impedance values of tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats do not differ significantly from those of tissues of the control offspring rats of the control mother rat. Besides, RS analysis shows how the incorporation of DEHP into liver tissues changes the configuration and conformation of lipids and fatty acids. ICP-OES results show increased element levels within the tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered rats. Therefore, we can say that phthalates cause modifications within the liver. This study is a preliminary effort to investigate tissues with a mechano-chemical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Melita Parlak
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Berzem Selcuk
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
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Tunica intima compensation for reduced stiffness of the tunica media in aging renal arteries as measured with scanning acoustic microscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234759. [PMID: 33147291 PMCID: PMC7641345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging causes stiffness and decreased function of the renal artery (RA). Histological study with light microscopy can reveal microscopic structural remodeling but no functional changes. The present study aimed to clarify the association between structural and functional aging of the RA through the use of scanning acoustic microscopy. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cross-sections of renal arteries from 64 autopsy cases were examined. Speed-of-sound (SOS) values of three layers, which correspond to the stiffness, were compared among different age groups. SOS of the tunica media was examined in terms of blood pressure (BP) and SOS of the ascending aorta. Vulnerability to proteases was assessed by SOS reduction after collagenase treatment. Results The tunica intima presented inward hypertrophy with luminal narrowing, and the tunica media showed outward hypertrophic remodeling with aging. SOS of the tunica media and internal and external elastic laminae showed a reverse correlation with age. SOS of the tunica media was negatively correlated with BP and strongly associated with that of the aorta. The tunica media of young RAs were more sensitive to collagenase compared with the old ones. Conclusions Scanning acoustic microscopy is useful for observing the aging process of the RA. This technique simultaneously shows structural and mechanical information from each portion of the RA. In the process of aging, the RA loses contractile function and elasticity as a result of protease digestion. The tunica media and the internal and external elastic laminae exhibit reduced stiffness, but the tunica intima stiffens with atherosclerosis. As a consequence, the RA’s outer shape changes from round to oval with inward and outward hypertrophy. This indicates that the inner resistant intima supports the mechanical weakness of the tunica media to compensate for an increase in BP with aging.
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Tanoren B, Ugurlucan M, Ates Alkan F. Analysis of atherosclerosis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:045004. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab8e96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Miura K, Yamashita K. Mechanical Weakness of Thoracic Aorta Related to Aging or Dissection Predicted by Speed of Sound with Collagenase. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3102-3115. [PMID: 31537389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scanning acoustic microscopy reveals information on histology and speed of sound (SOS) through tissues. Slower SOS corresponds to lower stiffness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether SOS values reflect the degree of degeneration with aging or dissection and whether enzymatic digestion susceptibility is distinct. The SOSs of media other than the atheromatous areas of normal and surgical dissections were measured and compared using medial degeneration grade (MDG) scores. To evaluate the damage rate, SOS was assessed after collagenase digestion. SOS scores negatively correlated with aging and MDG scores. Dissected aortas had higher SOS and MDG scores without age correlation. Collagenase digestion was present in all aortas, but older aortas were more injured than younger aortas. Dissected aortas were more vulnerable to collagenase. Older and dissected aortas expressed specific extracellular matrix components to compensate for mechanical weakness. The present method can evaluate mechanical weakness corresponding to histology to investigate the cause of rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Kanna Yamashita
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Miura K, Yamashita K. Acoustic Histology with Specific Dyes and Antibodies. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3279-3289. [PMID: 31563478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to identify specific staining methods for acoustic histology. We compared attenuation-of-sound (AOS) images from scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) with light microscopy (LM) images. Ethanol-fixed tissue or cytology samples and formalin-fixed surgical or autopsy specimens were examined. Nuclei, collagen, elastic fibers and polysaccharides and various antigens, including cell surface, cytoplasmic, nuclear and stromal substances, were observed. Samples with various fixation methods were used. Hematoxylin staining had significantly higher AOS values in accordance with staining duration. Specific staining for collagen, elastic fibers and polysaccharides increased the AOS values of the specific substance. Using diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride in NiCl2 solution as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase increased the AOS values to those suitable for acoustic immunostaining. Collagenase digestion after collagen staining decreased AOS values, reflecting collagen density and distribution. Staining with specific dyes or acoustic immunostaining enabled the histologic localization of specific substances by SAM, similar to LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Kanna Yamashita
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Bilen BT, Parlak M, Unlu MB. Scanning acoustic microscopy of quantum dot aggregates. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Determination of Ultrastructural Properties of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy, Micro-Computer Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:679. [PMID: 30679722 PMCID: PMC6345949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcalcification is the precursor of vulnerability of plaques in humans. Visualization of such small structures in vivo with high spatial resolution is an unsolved issue. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) in the determination of atherosclerotic plaques with calcifications by validating this technique with micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The fibrocalcific plaques were obtained from 12 different patients and initially examined with micro-CT. The images exhibited calcifications within these plaques. For imaging with SAM, approximately 5 μm thick slices were prepared. Sound speed values within calcified regions were measured to be greater than the ones in collagen-rich regions. These fibrocalcific plaques were also examined with SEM and EDS revealing collagen and calcium deposition within these samples. The consistency of the results obtained by all of the modalities involved in our study is an indication of the potential of SAM as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of vulnerable plaques.
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Bilen B, Ates Alkan F, Barutcu UB, Sezen M, Unlu MB, Aghayev K. Examination of metal mobilization from a gunshot by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:391. [PMID: 30593288 PMCID: PMC6310982 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Projectile foreign bodies are known to cause chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the release of metal into the bloodstream. However, the local effect around the metallic object has not been investigated and the main goal of our study is to examine the influence of the object in close proximity of the object. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old Caucasian woman with one metallic pellet close to her sciatic nerve due to a previous shotgun injury at the gluteal area presented with a diagnosis of recurrent lumbar disk herniation at L4-5 level. A physical examination confirmed chronic neuropathy and she underwent a two-stage surgery. The surgery included removal of the foreign body, followed by discectomy and fusion at the involved level. During the removal of the metallic foreign body, a tissue sample around the pellet and another tissue sample from a remote area were obtained. The samples were analyzed by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Lead, chromium, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc elements in tissue, blood, and serum specimens were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS An acoustic impedance map of the tissue closer to the metallic body showed higher values indicating further accumulation of elements. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed scanning acoustic microscopy results by measuring a higher concentration of elements closer to the metallic body. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that original structure was not disturbed far away; however, deformation of the structure existed in the tissue closer to the foreign body. Element analysis showed that element levels within blood and serum were more or less within acceptable ranges; on the other hand, element levels within the tissues showed pronounced differences indicating primarily lead intoxication in the proximity of the metallic body. We can state that residues of metallic foreign bodies of gunshot injuries cause chronic metal infiltration to the surrounding tissue and induce significant damage to nearby neural elements; this is supported by the results of scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukem Bilen
- Physics Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Ates Alkan
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Bora Barutcu
- Biophysics Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Sezen
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14378. [PMID: 30258115 PMCID: PMC6158264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques constitute the primary cause of heart attack and stroke. However, we still lack a clear identification of the plaques. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) in atherosclerotic plaque characterization. We perform dual-modality microscopic imaging of the human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We first show that the acoustic impedance values are statistically higher in calcified regions compared with the collagen-rich areas. We then use CdTe/CdS quantum dots for imaging the atherosclerotic plaques by TRFS and show that fluorescence lifetime values of the quantum dots in collagen-rich areas are notably different from the ones in calcified areas. In summary, both modalities are successful in differentiating the calcified regions from the collagen-rich areas within the plaques indicating that these techniques are confirmatory and may be combined to characterize atherosclerotic plaques in the future.
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Miura K, Yamashita K. Evaluation of aging, diabetes mellitus, and skin wounds by scanning acoustic microscopy with protease digestion. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2018; 8:1516072. [PMID: 30220987 PMCID: PMC6136385 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2018.1516072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) can assess tissue stiffness by calculating the speed of sound (SOS) through tissues. SOS increases as tissue stiffness increases. Sensitivity to protease digestion depends on protein type, concentration, and modification. We analyzed the SOS images of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin sections from elderly, young, diabetic, and nondiabetic subjects, as well as chronic and acute wounds. SAM provided high-resolution histology similar to LM and revealed characteristic SOS alteration following pepsin treatment. SOS values of dermis samples from elderly subjects (especially females) were lower than those of younger adults, which was indicative of age-related dermal softening and loosening. SOS values of elderly females were lower than those of younger females and elderly males. Dermal SOS showed a positive correlation with epidermal thickness. SOS values of epidermis of elderly subjects were higher than those of younger adults and showed a rapid decline 0.5h after protease digestion. Reticular dermis of diabetic patients exhibited greater pepsin resistance than that of nondiabetic patients. Chronic wounds exhibited greater SOS values and pepsin resistance than acute wounds. SOS variation with aging, diabetes mellitus, and wound fibrosis reflected histological and mechanical changes associated with senescence and disease duration. Epidermal thickness reflects age-related changes in dermal stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kanna Yamashita
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Miura K, Katoh H. Structural and Histochemical Alterations in the Aortic Valves of Elderly Patients: A Comparative Study of Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, and Normal Valves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6125204. [PMID: 27747234 PMCID: PMC5056004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6125204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) and regurgitation (AR) by comparing differences in mechanical and biochemical alterations. We applied scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) to measure the speed of sound (SOS) through valves to estimate the elasticity and monitor sensitivity to protease treatment, as the SOS is correlated with the stiffness of materials, which is reduced after digestion by proteases. The fibrosa of both the AS and AR groups were stiffer than the fibrosa of the normal group. The AR group displayed significantly stiffer fibrosa than the AS group, with the exception of calcified areas. The AS group showed significantly decreased SOS values following protease digestion, whereas the AR showed little reduction. The AS group presented type III collagen in the fibrosa and the ventricularis. In the AR group, both type I collagen and type III collagen coexisted in the fibrosa and the ventricularis. Upon immunostaining for advanced glycation end-products, the AS group showed sparse, weak staining, whereas the AR group presented a strong, band-like positive reaction in the fibrosa. In conclusion, tissue remodelling associated with damage and repair is associated with AS pathogenesis, whereas static chemical alterations with slow collagen turnover induce AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Katoh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Miura K, Yamamoto S. A scanning acoustic microscope discriminates cancer cells in fluid. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15243. [PMID: 26477839 PMCID: PMC4610001 DOI: 10.1038/srep15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) discriminates lesions in sections by assessing the speed of sound (SOS) or attenuation of sound (AOS) through tissues within a few minutes without staining; however, its clinical use in cytological diagnosis is unknown. We applied a thin layer preparation method to observe benign and malignant effusions using SAM. Although SAM is inferior in detecting nuclear features than light microscopy, it can differentiate malignant from benign cells using the higher SOS and AOS values and large irregular cell clusters that are typical features of carcinomas. Moreover, each single malignant cell exhibits characteristic cytoplasmic features such as a large size, irregular borders and secretory or cytoskeletal content. By adjusting the observation range, malignant cells are differentiated from benign cells easily using SAM. Subtle changes in the functional and structural heterogeneity of tumour cells were pursuable with a different digital data of SAM. SAM can be a useful tool for screening malignant cells in effusions before light microscopic observation. Higher AOS values in malignant cells compared with those of benign cells support the feasibility of a novel sonodynamic therapy for malignant effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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