1
|
Zhao X, Zeng L, Wang J, Shi Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Pan Y, Li X. Quantitative N-Glycomic and N-Glycoproteomic Profiling of Peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during Fruit Ripening. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:885-895. [PMID: 36725203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Being part of the human diet, peach is an important fruit consumed worldwide. In the present study, a systematic first insight into the N-glycosylation of peach fruit during ripening was provided. First, N-glycome by reactive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that 6 of 24 N-glycans of peach were differentially expressed. Second, a comparative N-glycoproteome was characterized via 18O-tagged N-glycosylation site labeling followed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Totally 1464 N-glycosites on 881 N-glycoproteins were identified, among which 291 N-glycosites on 237 N-glycoproteins were expressed differentially with a fold change value of 1.5 or 0.67. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that four pathways including other glycan degradation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were mainly enriched, in which several important N-glycoproteins with dynamic change during fruit ripening were further screened out. Our findings on a large scale for N-glycosylation analysis of peach fruit during ripening may provide new molecular insights for comprehending N-glycoprotein functions, which should be of great interest to both glycobiologists and analytical chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the CAD Gene Family in Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1065-1085. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Zhang M, Ma Y, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. The distribution of bioactive gibberellins along peach annual shoots is closely associated with PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:730. [PMID: 36307759 PMCID: PMC9615383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid growth of annual shoots is detrimental to peach production. While gibberellin (GA) promotes the rapid growth of peach shoots, there is limited information on the identity and expression profiles of GA-metabolism genes for this species. Results All six GA biosynthetic gene families were identified in the peach genome, and the expression profiles of these family members were determined in peach shoots. The upstream biosynthetic gene families have only one or two members (1 CPS, 2 KSs, and 1 KO), while the downstream gene families have multiple members (7 KAOs, 6 GA20oxs, and 5 GA3oxs). Between the two KS genes, PpKS1 showed a relatively high transcript level in shoots, while PpKS2 was undetectable. Among the seven KAO genes, PpKAO2 was highly expressed in shoots, while PpKAO1 and − 6 were weakly expressed. For the six GA20ox genes, both PpGA20ox1 and − 2 were expressed in shoots, but PpGA20ox1 levels were higher than PpGA20ox2. For the five GA3ox genes, only PpGA3ox1 was highly expressed in shoots. Among these biosynthesis genes, PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 showed a gradual decrease in transcript level along shoots from top to bottom, and a similar trend was observed in bioactive GA1 and GA4 distribution. Among the GA-deactivation genes, PpGA2ox6 was highly expressed in peach shoots. PpGA2ox1 and − 5 transcripts were relatively lower and showed a similar pattern to PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 in peach shoots. Overexpression of PpGA20ox1, − 2, or PpGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis or tobacco promoted or depressed the plant growth, respectively, while PpGA3ox1 did not affect plant height. Transient expression of PpGA20ox1 in peach leaves significantly increased bioactive GA1 content. Conclusions Our results suggest that PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression are closely associated with the distribution of active GA1 and GA4 in peach annual shoots. Our research lays a foundation for future studies into ways to effectively repress the rapid growth of peach shoot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5.
Collapse
|
4
|
Monitoring Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Ripening Progression through Candidate Gene Expression Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094575. [PMID: 35562966 PMCID: PMC9105867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the monitoring of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ripening progression through the expression analysis of 25 genes related to fruit quality traits in nine cultivars with great differences in fruit color and ripening date. The level of pigment compounds, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, is a key factor in food taste, and is responsible for the reddish blush color or orange skin and flesh color in apricot fruit, which are desirable quality traits in apricot breeding programs. The construction of multiple linear regression models to predict anthocyanins and carotenoids content from gene expression allows us to evaluate which genes have the strongest influence over fruit color, as these candidate genes are key during biosynthetic pathways or gene expression regulation, and are responsible for the final fruit phenotype. We propose the gene CHS as the main predictor for anthocyanins content, CCD4 and ZDS for carotenoids content, and LOX2 and MADS-box for the beginning and end of the ripening process in apricot fruit. All these genes could be applied as RNA markers to monitoring the ripening stage and estimate the anthocyanins and carotenoids content in apricot fruit during the ripening process.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Sun F, Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang W, Zhang C, Xi Y. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and a Regulatory Network of Different-Colored Wheat Grains Revealed by Multiomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:887-900. [PMID: 35029408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colored wheat has always been a popular research area because of its high performance in the field and significant medical uses. Progress has been made mapping the genes of purple or blue grains; however, the reason why different grain colors form in wheat is not well understood. We created wheat lines with different grain colors (purple and blue) using the white grain cultivar Xiaoyan22 and located the candidate region related to the purple and blue grains in chromosome 2A, 2B, and 4D, 2A, respectively, by the bulked segregant RNA-seq. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the three grains at different developmental stages indicated that the upregulation of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase/flavonoid 3',5'hydroxylase 2 and TaMYC1/TaMYC4 was important for the formation of purple/blue grains. The blue TaMYC4 had 16 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants verified by Sanger sequencing and possessed a different splicing mode in the bHLH_MYC_N domain compared with the reference database. Targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis of anthocyanins found that the purple and blue grains contained more pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the different color formations of wheat grains and useful information about genetic improvements in wheat and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Insights of Fruit Quality Traits in Peaches, Prunus persica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102191. [PMID: 34686000 PMCID: PMC8541108 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are the most demanded fruits because of their organoleptic qualities and nutritional values. The genus Prunus is a rich source of diversified stone/drupe fruits such as almonds, apricots, plums, sweet cherries, peaches, and nectarines. The fruit-ripening process in Prunus involves coordinated biochemical and physiological changes resulting in changes in fruit texture, aroma gain, color change in the pericarp, sugar/organic acid balance, fruit growth, and weight gain. There are different varieties of peaches with unique palatable qualities and gaining knowledge in the genetics behind these quality traits helps in seedling selection for breeding programs. In addition, peaches have shorter post-harvest life due to excessive softening, resulting in fruit quality reduction and market loss. Many studies have been executed to understand the softening process at the molecular level to find the genetic basis. To summarize, this review focused on the molecular aspects of peach fruit quality attributes and their related genetics to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
7
|
Diao D, Hu X, Guan D, Wang W, Yang H, Liu Y. Genome-wide identification of the ARF (auxin response factor) gene family in peach and their expression analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4331-4344. [PMID: 32430848 PMCID: PMC7295738 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors to relay auxin signaling. From the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR), we identified 17 peach ARF genes (PpARFs) encoding the proteins with three conserved domains. Their gene structure and functional domains were analyzed. Their transcriptional response to exogenous auxin treatment was tested and confirmed. We also expressed PpARF-GFP fusion reporters in tobacco leaves and observed their nuclear localization by fluorescence microscopy. It has been known that ARFs are widely involved in fruit development. We compared the expression pattern of all PpARFs in different tissues including the fruits at different developmental stages of two peach cultivars, “melting” and “stony hard”. We found eight PpARFs were more highly expressed in the “melting” peaches compared to “stony hard” peaches, while three PpARFs were more highly expressed in “stony hard” peaches. Among them, the expression difference of PpARF4, PpARF7 and PpARF12 was large, and their function in regulating fruit development and fruit quality was discussed. Our work provides a basis for further exploring the mechanisms underlying auxin regulated peach fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Diao
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiao Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Dan Guan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Haiqing Yang
- Pinggu District of Fruit Bureau, Beijing, 101200 China
| | - Yueping Liu
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
García-Gómez BE, Ruiz D, Salazar JA, Rubio M, Martínez-García PJ, Martínez-Gómez P. Analysis of Metabolites and Gene Expression Changes Relative to Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Fruit Quality During Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1269. [PMID: 32973833 PMCID: PMC7466674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a valuable worldwide agronomical crop, with a delicious fruit highlighted as a functional food with both nutritional and bioactive properties, remarkably beneficial to human health. Apricot fruit ripening is a coordinated developmental process which requires change in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and physiological processes arising from quality characteristics in ripe fruit. In addition, enhancing fruit and nutraceutical quality is one of the central objectives to be improved in the new varieties developed by breeding programs. In this study we analyzed the contents of main metabolites linked to the nutraceutical value of apricot fruits, together with the most important pomological characteristics and biochemical contents of fruit during the ripening process in two contrasted apricot genotypes. Additionally, the gene expression changes were analyzed using RNA-Seq and real time qPCR. Results showed that genes with differential expression in the biosynthetic pathways, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, starch and sucrose and carotenoid metabolism, could be possible candidates as molecular markers of fruit quality characteristics for fruit color and soluble solid content. The gene involves in carotenoid metabolism carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, and the gene sucrose synthase in starch and sucrose metabolism were identified as candidate genes in the ripening process for white skin ground color and flesh color and high soluble sugar content. The application of these candidate genes on marker-assisted selection in apricot breeding programs may contribute to the early selection of high-quality fruit genotypes with suitable nutraceutical values.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan D, Hu X, Diao D, Wang F, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Identification of the Aux/IAA Gene Family in Peach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4703. [PMID: 31547521 PMCID: PMC6801721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor genes down-regulate the auxin response pathway during many stages of plant and fruit development. In order to determine if and how Aux/IAAs participate in governing texture and hardness in stone fruit maturation, we identified 23 Aux/IAA genes in peach, confirmed by the presence of four conserved domains. In this work, we used fluorescence microscopy with PpIAA-GFP fusion reporters to observe their nuclear localization. We then conducted PCR-based differential expression analysis in "melting" and "stony hard" varieties of peach, and found that in the "melting" variety, nine PpIAAs exhibited peak expression in the S4-3 stage of fruit maturation, with PpIAA33 showing the highest (>120-fold) induction. The expression of six PpIAAs peaked in the S4-2 stage, with PpIAA14 expressed the most highly. Only PpIAA15/16 showed higher expression in the "stony hard" variety than in the "melting" variety, both peaking in the S3 stage. In contrast, PpIAA32 had the highest relative expression in buds, flowers, young and mature leaves, and roots. Our study provides insights into the expression patterns of Aux/IAA developmental regulators in response to auxin during fruit maturation, thus providing insight into their potential development as useful markers for quantitative traits associated with fruit phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technique in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technique in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Donghui Diao
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Food science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yueping Liu
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genome re-sequencing reveals the evolutionary history of peach fruit edibility. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5404. [PMID: 30573726 PMCID: PMC6302090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica) is an economically important fruit crop and a well-characterized model for studying Prunus species. Here we explore the evolutionary history of peach using a large-scale SNP data set generated from 58 high-coverage genomes of cultivated peach and closely related relatives, including 44 newly re-sequenced accessions and 14 accessions from a previous study. Our analyses suggest that peach originated about 2.47 Mya in southwest China in glacial refugia generated by the uplift of the Tibetan plateau. Our exploration of genomic selection signatures and demographic history supports the hypothesis that frugivore-mediated selection occurred several million years before the eventual human-mediated domestication of peach. We also identify a large set of SNPs and/or CNVs, and candidate genes associated with fruit texture, taste, size, and skin color, with implications for genomic-selection breeding in peach. Collectively, this study provides valuable information for understanding the evolution and domestication of perennial fruit tree crops. Peach is an economically important fruit crop. Here, the authors carry out a large-scale population genomics analysis of peach, describing its demographic history as well as genes associated with domestication and edibility traits.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Pan H, Gao Z, Shu B, Qi Y, Yi X, Qin G, Sheng Y, Chen H, Xu Y. Transcriptome analysis of colouration-related genes in two white-fleshed nectarine varieties and their yellow-fleshed mutants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1438208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Zhang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haifa Pan
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhenghui Gao
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bing Shu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yongjie Qi
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingkai Yi
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Gaihua Qin
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yiliu Xu
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng X, Li M, Li D, Zhang J, Jin Q, Sheng L, Cai Y, Lin Y. Characterization and analysis of CCR and CAD gene families at the whole-genome level for lignin synthesis of stone cells in pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit. Biol Open 2017; 6:1602-1613. [PMID: 29141952 PMCID: PMC5703608 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of stone cells has significant effects on the flavour and quality of pear fruit. Previous research suggested that lignin deposition is closely related to stone cell formation. In the lignin biosynthetic pathway, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), dehydrogenase/reductase family members, catalyse the last two steps in monolignol synthesis. However, there is little knowledge of the characteristics of the CCR and CAD families in pear and their involvement in lignin synthesis of stone cells. In this study, 31 CCRs and 26 CADs were identified in the pear genome. Phylogenetic trees for CCRs and CADs were constructed; key amino acid residues were analysed, and three-dimensional structures were predicted. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), PbCAD2, PbCCR1, -2 and -3 were identified as participating in lignin synthesis of stone cells in pear fruit. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the expressed proteins (PbCAD2, PbCCR1, -2 and -3) are found in the cytoplasm or at the cell membrane. These results reveal the evolutionary features of the CCR and CAD families in pear as well as the genes responsible for regulation of lignin synthesis and stone cell development in pear fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Manli Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dahui Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinyun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Horticultural Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Qing Jin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingling Sheng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenogenic genes in peach fruit. Food Chem 2016; 214:137-146. [PMID: 27507458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand better the regulatory mechanism of the carotenoid accumulation, the expression profile of relevant carotenoid genes and metabolites were compared between two peach cultivars with different colors during fruit development. Meanwhile, the change pattern of carotenoid content and expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in peaches after harvest in response to blue light were also investigated. As compared to the yellow fleshed-cultivar 'Jinli', lower carotenoid levels were observed in skin and pulp in white peach cultivar 'Hujing', which might be explained by differentially expression of PpCCD4 gene. With respect to 'Jinli', the carotenoid accumulation during fruit development in fruit skin was partially linked with the transcriptional regulation of PpFPPS, PpGGPS, PpLCYB and PpCHYB. However, in the pulp, the accumulation might be also associated with the increased transcriptions of PpPDS, along with the above four genes. Blue light treatment induced carotenoid accumulation in 'Jinli' peaches during storage. In addition, the treated-fruit displayed higher expression of all the eight genes analysed with a lesser extent on PpCCD4, which suggested that the much more increased carotenoid synthesis rate could result in the higher carotenoid content in blue light-treated fruit. The results presented herein contribute to further elucidating the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in peach fruit.
Collapse
|
14
|
Botton A, Rasori A, Ziliotto F, Moing A, Maucourt M, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Petterle A, Varotto S, Bonghi C. The peach HECATE3-like gene FLESHY plays a double role during fruit development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:97-114. [PMID: 26846510 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of cell/tissue identity is essential for a correct and functional organ patterning, an important component of overall fruit development and eventual maturation and ripening. Despite many investigations regarding the molecular determinants of cell identity in fruits of different species, a useful model able to depict the regulatory networks governing this relevant part of fruit development is still missing. Here we described the peach fruit as a system to link the phenotype of a slow ripening (SR) selection to an altered transcriptional regulation of genes involved in determination of mesocarp cell identity providing insight toward molecular regulation of fruit tissue formation. Morpho-anatomical observations and metabolomics analyses performed during fruit development on the reference cultivar Fantasia, compared to SR, revealed that the mesocarp of SR maintained typical immaturity traits (e.g. small cell size, high amino acid contents and reduced sucrose) throughout development, along with a strong alteration of phenylpropanoid contents, resulting in accumulation of phenylalanine and lignin. These findings suggest that the SR mesocarp is phenotypically similar to a lignifying endocarp. To test this hypothesis, the expression of genes putatively involved in determination of drupe tissues identity was assessed. Among these, the peach HEC3-like gene FLESHY showed a strongly altered expression profile consistent with pit hardening and fruit ripening, generated at a post-transcriptional level. A double function for FLESHY in channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway to either lignin or flavour/aroma is suggested, along with its possible role in triggering auxin-ethylene cross talk at the start of ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Rasori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Ziliotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anna Petterle
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scattino C, Negrini N, Morgutti S, Cocucci M, Crisosto CH, Tonutti P, Castagna A, Ranieri A. Cell wall metabolism of peaches and nectarines treated with UV-B radiation: a biochemical and molecular approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:939-947. [PMID: 25766750 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-violet B (UV-B) radiation has been shown to improve, at least in selected genotypes, both the health-promoting potential and the aesthetic properties of tomato and peach fruits during their post-harvest period. The effects of post-harvest UV-B treatment on the cell-wall metabolism of peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch) were assessed in this study. Three cultivars, Suncrest (melting flesh, MF) and Babygold 7 (non-melting flesh, NMF) peaches and Big Top (slow melting, SM) nectarine, differing in the characteristics of textural changes and softening during ripening, were analysed. RESULTS The effects of UV-B differ in relation to the cultivar considered. In MF 'Suncrest' fruit, UV-B treatment significantly reduced the loss of flesh firmness despite the slight increase in the presence and activity of endo-polygalacturonase. The activity of exo-polygalacturonase increased as well, while endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase/β-D-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and pectin methylesterase were substantially unaffected by the treatment. The UV-B-induced reduction of flesh softening was paralleled by the inhibition of PpExp gene transcription and expansin protein accumulation. The UV-B treatment did not induce differences in flesh firmness between control and UV-B-treated NMF 'Babygold 7' and SM 'Big Top' fruit. CONCLUSION Based on these results, post-harvest UV-B treatment may be considered a promising tool to improve shelf-life and quality of peach fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scattino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgutti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cocucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos H Crisosto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan L, Zeng W, Niu L, Lu Z, Liu H, Cui G, Zhu Y, Chu J, Li W, Fang W, Cai Z, Li G, Wang Z. PpYUC11, a strong candidate gene for the stony hard phenotype in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch), participates in IAA biosynthesis during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7031-44. [PMID: 26307136 PMCID: PMC4765781 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are required for climacteric ethylene biosynthesis to cause fruit softening in melting flesh peaches at the late ripening stage. By contrast, the fruits of stony hard peach cultivars do not soften and produce little ethylene due to the low IAA concentrations. To investigate the regulation of IAA accumulation during peach ripening [the transition from stage S3 to stage S4 III (climacteric)], a digital gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed. The expression patterns of auxin-homeostasis-related genes were compared in fruits of the melting flesh peach 'Goldhoney 3' and the stony hard flesh peach 'Yumyeong' during the ripening stage. It is revealed here that a YUCCA flavin mono-oxygenase gene (PpYUC11, ppa008176m), a key gene in auxin biosynthesis, displayed an identical differential expression profile to the profiles of IAA accumulation and PpACS1 transcription: the mRNA transcripts increased at the late ripening stage in melting flesh peaches but were below the limit of detection in mature fruits of stony hard peaches. In addition, the strong association between intron TC microsatellite genotypes of PpYUC11 and the flesh texture (normal or stony hard) is described in 43 peach varieties, indicating that this locus may be responsible for the stony hard phenotype in peach. These findings support the hypothesis that PpYUC11 may play an essential role in auxin biosynthesis during peach fruit ripening and is a candidate gene for the control of the stony hard phenotype in peach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yunqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiping Li
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Zuguo Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| |
Collapse
|