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Xu L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wu W, Hao Z, He S, Li Y, Shi J, Chen J. Genomic survey and expression analysis of LcARFs reveal multiple functions to somatic embryogenesis in Liriodendron. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:94. [PMID: 38326748 PMCID: PMC10848544 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin response factors (ARFs) are critical transcription factors that mediate the auxin signaling pathway and are essential for regulating plant growth. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the ARF gene family in Liriodendron chinense, a vital species in landscaping and economics. Thus, further research is needed to explore the roles of ARFs in L. chinense and their potential applications in plant development. RESULT In this study, we have identified 20 LcARF genes that belong to three subfamilies in the genome of L. chinense. The analysis of their conserved domains, gene structure, and phylogeny suggests that LcARFs may be evolutionarily conserved and functionally similar to other plant ARFs. The expression of LcARFs varies in different tissues. Additionally, they are also involved in different developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis. Overexpression of LcARF1, LcARF2a, and LcARF5 led to increased activity within callus. Additionally, our promoter-GFP fusion study indicated that LcARF1 may play a role in embryogenesis. Overall, this study provides insights into the functions of LcARFs in plant development and embryogenesis, which could facilitate the improvement of somatic embryogenesis in L. chinense. CONCLUSION The research findings presented in this study shed light on the regulatory roles of LcARFs in somatic embryogenesis in L. chinense and may aid in accelerating the breeding process of this tree species. By identifying the specific LcARFs involved in different stages of somatic embryogenesis, this study provides a basis for developing targeted breeding strategies aimed at optimizing somatic embryogenesis in L. chinense, which holds great potential for improving the growth and productivity of this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jiaji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weihuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shichan He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Chen F, Zhang J, Ha X, Ma H. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Auxin-Response factor (ARF) gene family in Medicago sativa under abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:498. [PMID: 37644390 PMCID: PMC10463752 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most widely planted legume forage and one of the most economically valuable crops in the world. The periodic changes in its growth and development and abiotic stress determine its yield and economic benefits. Auxin controls many aspects of alfalfa growth by regulating gene expression, including organ differentiation and stress response. Auxin response factors (ARF) are transcription factors that play an essential role in auxin signal transduction and regulate the expression of auxin-responsive genes. However, the function of ARF transcription factors is unclear in autotetraploid-cultivated alfalfa. RESULT A total of 81 ARF were identified in the alfalfa genome in this study. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed, identifying that ARF genes are mainly involved in transcriptional regulation and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MsARF was divided into four clades: I, II, III, and IV, each containing 52, 13, 7, and 9 genes, respectively. The promoter region of the MsARF gene contained stress-related elements, such as ABRE, TC-rich repeats, MBS, LTR. Proteins encoded by 50 ARF genes were localized in the nucleus without guide peptides, signal peptides, or transmembrane structures, indicating that most MsARF genes are not secreted or transported but only function in the nucleus. Protein structure analysis revealed that the secondary and tertiary structures of the 81 MsARF genes varied. Chromosomal localization analysis showed 81 MsARF genes were unevenly distributed on 25 chromosomes, with the highest distribution on chromosome 5. Furthermore, 14 segmental duplications and two sets of tandem repeats were identified. Expression analysis indicated that the MsARF was differentially expressed in different tissues and under various abiotic stressors. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression profiles of 23 MsARF genes were specific to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature, and low temperature, as well as tissue-specific and closely related to the duration of stress. CONCLUSION This study identified MsARF in the cultivated alfalfa genome based on the autotetraploid level, which GO, KEGG analysis, phylogenetic analysis, sequence characteristics, and expression pattern analysis further confirmed. Together, these findings provide clues for further investigation of MsARF functional verification and molecular breeding of alfalfa. This study provides a novel approach to systematically identify and characterize ARF transcription factors in autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa, revealing 23 MsARF genes significantly involved in response to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqi Chen
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Yingmencun, Anning District, Gansu province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jinqing Zhang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Yingmencun, Anning District, Gansu province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xue Ha
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Yingmencun, Anning District, Gansu province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Yingmencun, Anning District, Gansu province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Si C, Zeng D, da Silva JAT, Qiu S, Duan J, Bai S, He C. Genome-wide identification of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families reveal their potential roles in flower opening of Dendrobium officinale. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:199. [PMID: 37055721 PMCID: PMC10099678 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a vital phytohormone that influences plant growth and development. Our previous work showed that IAA content decreased during flower development in the medicinally important orchid Dendrobium officinale, while Aux/IAA genes were downregulated. However, little information about auxin-responsive genes and their roles in D. officinale flower development exists. RESULTS This study validated 14 DoIAA and 26 DoARF early auxin-responsive genes in the D. officinale genome. A phylogenetic analysis classified the DoIAA genes into two subgroups. An analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated that they were related by phytohormones and abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles were tissue-specific. Most DoIAA genes (except for DoIAA7) were sensitive to IAA (10 μmol/L) and were downregulated during flower development. Four DoIAA proteins (DoIAA1, DoIAA6, DoIAA10 and DoIAA13) were mainly localized in the nucleus. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that these four DoIAA proteins interacted with three DoARF proteins (DoARF2, DoARF17, DoARF23). CONCLUSIONS The structure and molecular functions of early auxin-responsive genes in D. officinale were investigated. The DoIAA-DoARF interaction may play an important role in flower development via the auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Song Bai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Diao D, Hu X, Guan D, Wang W, Yang H, Liu Y. Genome-wide identification of the ARF (auxin response factor) gene family in peach and their expression analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4331-4344. [PMID: 32430848 PMCID: PMC7295738 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors to relay auxin signaling. From the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR), we identified 17 peach ARF genes (PpARFs) encoding the proteins with three conserved domains. Their gene structure and functional domains were analyzed. Their transcriptional response to exogenous auxin treatment was tested and confirmed. We also expressed PpARF-GFP fusion reporters in tobacco leaves and observed their nuclear localization by fluorescence microscopy. It has been known that ARFs are widely involved in fruit development. We compared the expression pattern of all PpARFs in different tissues including the fruits at different developmental stages of two peach cultivars, “melting” and “stony hard”. We found eight PpARFs were more highly expressed in the “melting” peaches compared to “stony hard” peaches, while three PpARFs were more highly expressed in “stony hard” peaches. Among them, the expression difference of PpARF4, PpARF7 and PpARF12 was large, and their function in regulating fruit development and fruit quality was discussed. Our work provides a basis for further exploring the mechanisms underlying auxin regulated peach fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Diao
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiao Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Dan Guan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Haiqing Yang
- Pinggu District of Fruit Bureau, Beijing, 101200 China
| | - Yueping Liu
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
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Liu N, Dong L, Deng X, Liu D, Liu Y, Li M, Hu Y, Yan Y. Genome-wide identification, molecular evolution, and expression analysis of auxin response factor (ARF) gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:336. [PMID: 30522432 PMCID: PMC6282295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auxin response factor (ARF) gene family is involved in plant development and hormone regulation. Although the ARF gene family has been studied in some plant species, its structural features, molecular evolution, and expression profiling in Brachypodium distachyon L. are still not clear. RESULTS Genome-wide analysis identified 19 ARF genes in B. distachyon. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 182 ARF genes from seven plant species revealed three different clades, and the ARF genes from within a clade exhibited structural conservation, although certain divergences occurred in different clades. The branch-site model identified some sites where positive selection may have occurred, and functional divergence analysis found more Type II divergence sites than Type I. In particular, both positive selection and functional divergence may have occurred in 241H, 243G, 244 L, 310 T, 340G and 355 T. Subcellular localization prediction and experimental verification indicated that BdARF proteins were present in the nucleus. Transcript expression analysis revealed that BdARFs were mainly expressed in the leaf and root tips, stems, and developing seeds. Some BdARF genes exhibited significantly upregulated expression under various abiotic stressors. Particularly, BdARF4 and BdARF8 were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress factors such as salicylic acid and heavy metals. CONCLUSION The ARF gene family in B. distachyon was highly conserved. Several important amino acid sites were identified where positive selection and functional divergence occurred, and they may play important roles in functional differentiation. BdARF genes had clear tissue and organ expression preference and were involved in abiotic stress response, suggesting their roles in plant growth and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Liwei Dong
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Dongmiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Mengfei Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yingkao Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
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Morozov SY, Milyutina IA, Erokhina TN, Ozerova LV, Troitsky AV, Solovyev AG. TAS3 miR390-dependent loci in non-vascular land plants: towards a comprehensive reconstruction of the gene evolutionary history. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4636. [PMID: 29682420 PMCID: PMC5907777 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) are transcribed from protein non-coding genomic TAS loci and belong to a plant-specific class of endogenous small RNAs. These siRNAs have been found to regulate gene expression in most taxa including seed plants, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. In this study, bioinformatic and experimental PCR-based approaches were used as tools to analyze TAS3 and TAS6 loci in transcriptomes and genomic DNAs from representatives of evolutionary distant non-vascular plant taxa such as Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta. We revealed previously undiscovered TAS3 loci in plant classes Sphagnopsida and Anthocerotopsida, as well as TAS6 loci in Bryophyta classes Tetraphidiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Andreaeopsida and Takakiopsida. These data further unveil the evolutionary pathway of the miR390-dependent TAS3 loci in land plants. We also identified charophyte alga sequences coding for SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3), which is required for generation of ta-siRNAs in plants, and hypothesized that the appearance of TAS3-related sequences could take place at a very early step in evolutionary transition from charophyte algae to an earliest common ancestor of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Morozov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Milyutina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Erokhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Ozerova
- Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Troitsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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