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Wan Q, Zhai N, Xie D, Liu W, Xu L. WOX11: the founder of plant organ regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 36596978 PMCID: PMC9810776 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either in natural conditions, e.g. adventitious root regeneration from the wounded sites of detached leaves or stems, or in in-vitro tissue culture, e.g. organ regeneration from callus. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the molecular mechanism of de novo organ regeneration, focusing on the role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX11 is a direct target of the auxin signaling pathway, and it is expressed in, and regulates the establishment of, the founder cell during de novo root regeneration and callus formation. WOX11 activates the expression of its target genes to initiate root and callus primordia. Therefore, WOX11 links upstream auxin signaling to downstream cell fate transition during regeneration. We also discuss the role of WOX11 in diverse species and its evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ning Zhai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dixiang Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wu Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Du J, Du C, Ge X, Wen S, Zhou X, Zhang L, Hu J. Genome-Wide Analysis of the AAAP Gene Family in Populus and Functional Analysis of PsAAAP21 in Root Growth and Amino Acid Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010624. [PMID: 36614067 PMCID: PMC9820651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The adventitious root (AR) is the basis for successful propagation by plant cuttings and tissue culture and is essential for maintaining the positive traits of a variety. Members of the amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) gene family play indispensable roles in various plant metabolisms and have few studies on root growth and amino acid transport. In this study, with a systematic bioinformatics analysis of the Populus AAAP family, 83 PtrAAAPs were identified from Populus trichocarpa and grouped into 8 subfamilies. Subsequently, chromosomal distribution, genetic structure, cis-elements analysis, and expression pattern analysis of the AAAP family were performed and the potential gene AAAP21 regulating root development was screened by combining the results of RNA-Seq and QTL mapping. PsAAAP21 was proven as promoting root development by enhancing AR formation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-seq results of overexpressing lines were enriched to multiple amino acid-related pathways, and the amino acid treatment to transgenic lines indicated that PsAAAP21 regulated amino acid transport, including tyrosine, methionine, and arginine. Analysis of the AAAP gene family provided a theoretical basis for uncovering the functions of AAAP genes. The identification of PsAAAP21 on root promotion and amino acid transport in Populus will help with breeding new woody plant species with strong rooting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaolan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-62889642 (L.Z.); +86-10-62888862 (J.H.)
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-62889642 (L.Z.); +86-10-62888862 (J.H.)
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Li Q, Li H, Yang Z, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Qin L, Bisseling T, Cao Q, Willemsen V. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. CM11 specifically induces lateral roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1575-1588. [PMID: 35510807 PMCID: PMC9546010 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are involved in altering secondary root (SR) formation, but hitherto there has been no distinction between the different types of SRs upon induction of soil biota, and the genetic pathways involved. By using plate and soil systems, we studied the effects of the Pseudomonas strains CM11 and WCS417 on plant performance with a focus on root development. Through a combination of cellular, molecular and genetic analyses, we investigated the type of SRs induced upon CM11 and WCS417 root inoculation using genetic pathways associated with specific SR types. CM11 was shown to affect the root architecture differently from WCS417. CM11 inoculation leads to primary root arrest, whereas WCS417 reveals a longer primary root. Both CM11 and WCS417 activate the PLETHORA 3,5,7-controlled lateral root pathway, rather than the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11,12-controlled adventitious (lateral) root pathway. In addition, CM11 promotes plant growth in model and various crop species. It improves plant fitness traits, such as bigger shoots, faster bolting and higher yield in terms of seeds. Our results indicate that the root system architecture can be promoted by activation of PLETHORA 3,5,7 dependent primed lateral pre-branch sites upon inoculation with CM11, which creates great potential to gain a better understanding of root plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Beijing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co. LtdBeijing102206China
| | - Huchen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Xu Cheng
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Yaceng Zhao
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New TechniqueBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New TechniqueBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New TechniqueBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Cluster of Plant Developmental BiologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
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Tian J, Jiang W, Si J, Han Z, Li C, Chen D. Developmental Characteristics and Auxin Response of Epiphytic Root in Dendrobium catenatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935540. [PMID: 35812932 PMCID: PMC9260429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum, a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine, belongs to epiphytic orchids. Its special life mode leads to the specialization of roots, but there is a lack of systematic research. The aerial root in D. catenatum displays diverse unique biological characteristics, and it initially originates from the opposite pole of the shoot meristem within the protocorm. The root development of D. catenatum is not only regulated by internal cues but also adjusts accordingly with the change in growth environments. D. catenatum root is highly tolerant to auxin, which may be closely related to its epiphytic life. Exogenous auxin treatment has dual effects on D. catenatum roots: relatively low concentration promotes root elongation, which is related to the induced expression of cell wall synthesis genes; excessive concentration inhibits the differentiation of velamen and exodermis and promotes the overproliferation of cortical cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of WOX11-WOX5 regeneration pathway genes and cell division regulatory genes. Overexpression of D. catenatum WOX12 (DcWOX12) in Arabidopsis inhibits cell and organ differentiation, but induces cell dedifferentiation and callus production. Therefore, DcWOX12 not only retains the characteristics of ancestors as stem cell regulators, but also obtains stronger cell fate transformation ability than homologous genes of other species. These findings suggest that the aerial root of D. catenatum evolves special structure and developmental characteristics to adapt to epiphytic life, providing insight into ideal root structure breeding of simulated natural cultivation in D. catenatum and a novel target gene for improving the efficiency of monocot plant transformation.
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Xia Z, Liu L, Wei Z, Wang F, Shen H, Yan Y. Analysis of Comparative Transcriptome and Positively Selected Genes Reveal Adaptive Evolution in Leaf-Less and Root-Less Whisk Ferns. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091198. [PMID: 35567199 PMCID: PMC9103481 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While roots and leaves have evolved independently in lycophytes, ferns and seed plants, there is still confusion regarding the morphological evolution of ferns, especially in whisk ferns, which lack true leaves and roots and instead only exhibit leaf-like appendages and absorptive rhizoids. In this study, analyses of comparative transcriptomics on positively selected genes were performed to provide insights into the adaptive evolution of whisk fern morphologies. Significantly clustered gene families specific to whisk ferns were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms “binding proteins” and “transmembrane transporter activity”, and positive selection was detected in genes involved in transmembrane transporter activities and stress response (e.g., sodium/hydrogen exchanger and heat shock proteins), which could be related to the adaptive evolution of tolerance to epiphytic environments. The analysis of TF/TR gene family sizes indicated that some rapidly evolving gene families (e.g., the GRF and the MADS-MIKC families) related to the development of morphological organs were commonly reduced in whisk ferns and ophioglossoid ferns. Furthermore, the WUS homeobox-containing (WOX) gene family and the knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) gene family, both associated with root and leaf development, were phylogenetically conserved in whisk ferns and ophioglossoid ferns. In general, our results suggested that adaptive evolution to epiphytic environments might have occurred in whisk ferns. We propose that the simplified and reduced leaf and root system in whisk ferns is the result of reduction from the common ancestor of whisk ferns and ophioglossoid ferns, rather than an independent origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (Z.X.); (Z.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Zuoying Wei
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (Z.X.); (Z.W.)
- College of Life and Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Faguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuehong Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (Z.X.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.Y.)
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Li S, Tahir MM, Wu T, Xie L, Zhang X, Mao J, Ayyoub A, Xing L, Zhang D, Shao Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Genes and Complex Hormonal-Mediated Interactions with PEG during Adventitious Root Formation in Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020976. [PMID: 35055162 PMCID: PMC8779459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of apple rootstocks, and water stress severely restricts it. Different hormones and sugar signaling pathways in apple clones determine AR formation under water stress, but these are not entirely understood. To identify them, GL-3 stem cuttings were cultured on polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The AR formation was dramatically decreased compared with the PEG-free control (CK) cuttings by increasing the endogenous contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and methyl jasmonate (JA-me) and reducing the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) contents. We performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify the responses behind the phenotype. A total of 3204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and PEG, with 1702 upregulated and 1502 downregulated genes. Investigation revealed that approximately 312 DEGs were strongly enriched in hormone signaling, sugar metabolism, root development, and cell cycle-related pathways. Thus, they were selected for their possible involvement in adventitious rooting. However, the higher accumulation of ABA, ZR, and JA-me contents and the upregulation of their related genes, as well as the downregulation of sugar metabolism-related genes, lead to the inhibition of ARs. These results indicate that AR formation is a complicated biological process chiefly influenced by multiple hormonal signaling pathways and sugar metabolism. This is the first study to demonstrate how PEG inhibits AR formation in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuan Li
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Tong Wu
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Lingling Xie
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Jiangping Mao
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Anam Ayyoub
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Libo Xing
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Dong Zhang
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Shao
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Xie X, Wang Y, Datla R, Ren M. Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111357. [PMID: 34768785 PMCID: PMC8583787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The programs associated with embryonic roots (ERs), primary roots (PRs), lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of roots in plants. The root functions are involved in diverse processes such as water and nutrient absorption and their utilization, the storage of photosynthetic products, and stress tolerance. Hormones and signaling pathways play regulatory roles during root development. Among these, auxin is the most important hormone regulating root development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway has also been shown to play a key role in root developmental programs. In this article, the milestones and influential progress of studying crosstalk between auxin and TOR during the development of ERs, PRs, LRs and ARs, as well as their functional implications in root morphogenesis, development, and architecture, are systematically summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Xie
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
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Li J, Zhang H, Zhu J, Shen Y, Zeng N, Liu S, Wang H, Wang J, Zhan X. Role of miR164 in the growth of wheat new adventitious roots exposed to phenanthrene. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117204. [PMID: 33910135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous organic pollutants in the environment, can accumulate in humans via the food chain and then harm human health. MiRNAs (microRNAs), a kind of non-coding small RNAs with a length of 18-30 nucleotides, regulate plant growth and development and respond to environmental stress. In this study, it is demonstrated that miR164 can regulate root growth and adventitious root generation of wheat under phenanthrene exposure by targeting NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factor. We observed that phenanthrene treatment accelerated the senescence and death of wheat roots, and stimulated the occurrence of new roots. However, it is difficult to compensate for the loss caused by old root senescence and death, due to the slower growth of new roots under phenanthrene exposure. Phenanthrene accumulation in wheat roots caused to generate a lot of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced lipoxygenase activity and malonaldehyde concentration, meaning that lipid peroxidation is the main reason for root damage. MiR164 was up-regulated by phenanthrene, enhancing the silence of NAC1, weakening the association with auxin signal, and inhibiting the occurrence of adventitious roots. Phenanthrene also affected the expression of CDK (the coding gene of cyclin-dependent kinase) and CDC2 (a gene regulating cell division cycle), the key genes in the cell cycle of pericycle cells, thereby affecting the occurrence and growth of lateral roots. In addition, NAM (a gene regulating no apical meristem) and NAC23 may also be related to the root growth and development in wheat exposed to phenanthrene. These results provide not only theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of crop response to PAHs accumulation, but also knowledge support for improving phytoremediation of soil or water contaminated by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06504, United States
| | - Nengde Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqian Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Nature and Nurture: Genotype-Dependent Differential Responses of Root Architecture to Agar and Soil Environments. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071028. [PMID: 34356045 PMCID: PMC8303133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Root development is crucial for plant growth and therefore a key factor in plant performance and food production. Arabidopsis thaliana is the most commonly used system to study root system architecture (RSA). Growing plants on agar-based media has always been routine practice, but this approach poorly reflects the natural situation, which fact in recent years has led to a dramatic shift toward studying RSA in soil. Here, we directly compare RSA responses to agar-based medium (plates) and potting soil (rhizotrons) for a set of redundant loss-of-function plethora (plt) CRISPR mutants with variable degrees of secondary root defects. We demonstrate that plt3plt7 and plt3plt5plt7 plants, which produce only a handful of emerged secondary roots, can be distinguished from other genotypes based on both RSA shape and individual traits on plates and rhizotrons. However, in rhizotrons the secondary root density and the total contribution of the side root system to the RSA is increased in these two mutants, effectively rendering their phenotypes less distinct compared to WT. On the other hand, plt3, plt3plt5, and plt5plt7 mutants showed an opposite effect by having reduced secondary root density in rhizotrons. This leads us to believe that plate versus rhizotron responses are genotype dependent, and these differential responses were also observed in unrelated mutants short-root and scarecrow. Our study demonstrates that the type of growth system affects the RSA differently across genotypes, hence the optimal choice of growth conditions to analyze RSA phenotype is not predetermined.
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang H, Wen S, Zhang Y, Xu L. Molecular Evolution of Auxin-Mediated Root Initiation in Plants. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1387-1393. [PMID: 31504735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The root originated independently in euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and lycophytes; however, the molecular evolutionary route of root initiation remains elusive. By analyses of the fern Ceratopteris richardii and seed plants, here we show that the molecular pathway involving auxin, intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (IC-WOX) genes, and WUSCHEL-clade WOX (WC-WOX) genes could be conserved in root initiation. We propose that the "auxin>IC-WOX>WC-WOX" module in root initiation might have arisen in the common ancestor of euphyllophytes during the second origin of roots, and that this module has further developed during the evolution of different root types in ferns and seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoting Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhang CL, Wang GL, Zhang YL, Hu X, Zhou LJ, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. Apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 facilitates SUMOylation of MdARF8 to regulate lateral root formation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2206-2222. [PMID: 33006771 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins mediated by SIZ1, a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, regulates multiple biological processes in plants. However, its role in the regulation of lateral root formation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 promotes lateral root formation. Using a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) system, the auxin response factor MdARF8 was screened out as a protein-protein interaction partner of the SUMO-conjugating E2 enzyme MdSCE1, indicating that MdARF8 may be a substrate for MdSIZ1. The interaction between MdARF8 and MdSCE1 was confirmed by pull-down, Y2H and Co-immunoprecipitation assays. MdSIZ1 enhanced the conjugating enzyme activity of MdSCE1 to form a MdSCE1-MdSIZ1-MdARF8 complex, thereby facilitating SUMO modification. We identified two arginine substitution mutations at K342 and K380 in MdARF8 that blocked MdSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation, indicating that K342 and K380 are the principal SUMOylation sites of the MdARF8 protein. Moreover, MdARF8 promoted lateral root formation in transgenic apple plants, and the phenotype of reduced lateral roots in the Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant was restored in siz1-2/MdARF8 complementary plants. Our findings reveal an important role for sumoylation in the regulation of lateral root formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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12
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Dwivedi SL, Stoddard FL, Ortiz R. Genomic-based root plasticity to enhance abiotic stress adaptation and edible yield in grain crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 295:110365. [PMID: 32534611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes expressed by a genotype across different environments and is one of the major means by which plants cope with environmental variability. Multi-fold differences in phenotypic plasticity have been noted across crops, with wild ancestors and landraces being more plastic than crops when under stress. Plasticity in response to abiotic stress adaptation, plant architecture, physio-reproductive and quality traits are multi-genic (QTL). Plasticity QTL (pQTL) were either collocated with main effect QTL and QEI (QTL × environment interaction) or located independently from the main effect QTL. For example, variations in root plasticity have been successfully introgressed to enhance abiotic stress adaptation in rice. The independence of genetic control of a trait and of its plasticity suggests that breeders may select for high or low plasticity in combination with high or low performance of economically important traits. Trait plasticity in stressful environments may be harnessed through breeding stress-tolerant crops. There exists a genetic cost associated with plasticity, so a better understanding of the trade-offs between plasticity and productivity is warranted prior to undertaking breeding for plasticity traits together with productivity in stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding, Sundsvagen, 14 Box 101, SE 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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13
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Waidmann S, Sarkel E, Kleine-Vehn J. Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2397-2411. [PMID: 31956903 PMCID: PMC7178446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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14
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Wei K, Ruan L, Wang L, Cheng H. Auxin-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Nodal Cuttings of Camellia sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4817. [PMID: 31569758 PMCID: PMC6801801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is essential for the successful propagation of Camellia sinensis and auxins play promotive effects on this process. Nowadays, the mechanism of auxin-induced AR formation in tea cuttings is widely studied. However, a lack of global view of the underlying mechanism has largely inhibited further studies. In this paper, recent advances including endogenous hormone changes, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signals, secondary metabolism, cell wall reconstruction, and mechanisms involved in auxin signaling are reviewed. A further time course analysis of transcriptome changes in tea cuttings during AR formation is also suggested to deepen our understanding. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview on the most recent developments especially on those key aspects affected by auxins and that play important roles in AR formation in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Li Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China.
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15
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Liu W, Yu J, Ge Y, Qin P, Xu L. Pivotal role of LBD16 in root and root-like organ initiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3329-3338. [PMID: 29943076 PMCID: PMC11105430 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the post-embryonic stage of Arabidopsis thaliana, roots can be initiated from the vascular region of the existing roots or non-root organs; they are designated as lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs), respectively. Some root-like organs can also be initiated from the vasculature. In tissue culture, auxin-induced callus, which is a group of pluripotent root-primordium-like cells, is formed via the rooting pathway. The formation of feeding structures from the vasculature induced by root-knot nematodes also borrows the rooting pathway. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress on the role of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (LBD16; also known as ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18, ASL18), a member of the LBD/ASL gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, in roots and root-like organ initiation. Different root and root-like organ initiation processes have distinct priming mechanisms to specify founder cells. All these priming mechanisms converge to activate LBD16 expression in the primed founder cells. The activation of LBD16 expression leads to organ initiation via promotion of cell division and establishment of root-primordium identity. Therefore, LBD16 might play a common and pivotal role in root and root-like organ initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachao Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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