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Gillies NA, Milan AM, Cameron-Smith D, Mumme KD, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Jones B, Roy NC, Coad J, Wall CR, Beck KL. Vitamin B and One-Carbon Metabolite Profiles Show Divergent Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers but not Cognitive Function in Older New Zealand Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the REACH Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3529-3542. [PMID: 37863266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B inadequacies and elevated homocysteine status have been associated with impaired cognitive and cardiometabolic health with aging. There is, however, a scarcity of research investigating integrated profiles of one-carbon (1C) metabolites in this context, including metabolites of interconnected folate, methionine, choline oxidation, and transsulfuration pathways. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine associations between vitamins B and 1C metabolites with cardiometabolic health and cognitive function in healthy older adults, including the interactive effects of Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status. METHODS Three hundred and thirteen healthy participants (65-74 y, 65% female) were analyzed. Vitamins B were estimated according to dietary intake (4-d food records) and biochemical status (serum folate and vitamin B12). Fasting plasma 1C metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Measures of cardiometabolic health included biochemical (lipid panel, blood glucose) and anthropometric markers. Cognitive function was assessed by the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Associations were analyzed using multivariate linear (COMPASS, cardiometabolic health) and Poisson (MoCA) regression modeling. RESULTS Over 90% of participants met dietary recommendations for riboflavin and vitamins B6 and B12, but only 78% of males and 67% of females achieved adequate folate intakes. Higher serum folate and plasma betaine and glycine concentrations were associated with favorable cardiometabolic markers, whereas higher plasma choline and homocysteine concentrations were associated with greater cardiometabolic risk based on body mass index and serum lipids concentration values (P< 0.05). Vitamins B and homocysteine were not associated with cognitive performance in this cohort, though higher glycine concentrations were associated with better global cognitive performance (P = 0.017), episodic memory (P = 0.016), and spatial memory (P = 0.027) scores. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status did not modify the relationship between vitamins B or 1C metabolites with cognitive function in linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B and 1C metabolite profiles showed divergent associations with cardiometabolic risk markers and limited associations with cognitive performance in this cohort of healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen D Mumme
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- College of Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Beck
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand.
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2
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Nelson ME, Andel R, Nedelska Z, Martinkova J, Cechova K, Markova H, Matuskova V, Nikolai T, Lerch O, Parizkova M, Laczo J, Vyhnalek M, Hort J. The Association Between Homocysteine and Memory in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:413-426. [PMID: 33814443 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline can reduce burden of dementia. OBJECTIVE We examined whether homocysteine was associated with memory performance, mediated by entorhinal volume, hippocampal volume, total gray matter volume, or white matter lesions, and moderated by APOE ɛ4 allele, B vitamins, creatinine, total cholesterol, or triglycerides. METHODS All 204 members of the Czech Brain Aging Study with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 60) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 144) who had valid data were included. Linear regression was used, followed by conditional process modeling to examine mediation and moderation. RESULTS Controlling for age, sex, and education, higher homocysteine was related to poorer memory performance overall (b = -0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.017) and in participants with SCD (b = -0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.029), but less so in aMCI (b = -0.03, SE = 0.02, p = 0.074); though sensitivity analyses revealed a significant association when sample was reduced to aMCI patients with more complete cognitive data (who were also better functioning; b = -0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.022). Results were unchanged in fully adjusted models. Neither mediation by markers of brain integrity nor moderation by APOE ɛ4, B vitamins, creatinine, and cardiovascular factors were significant. Memory sub-analyses revealed that results for SCD were likely driven by non-verbal memory. The homocysteine-memory relationship was significant when hippocampal volume was below the median (b = -0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.046), but not at/above the median (p = 0.247). CONCLUSION Higher homocysteine levels may adversely influence memory performance, which appears particularly apparent in those without cognitive impairment. Results appear to be independent of brain health, suggesting that homocysteine may represent a good target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Nelson
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Martinkova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Markova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Nikolai
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Parizkova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczo
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Miki A, Kinno R, Ochiai H, Kubota S, Mori Y, Futamura A, Sugimoto A, Kuroda T, Kasai H, Yano S, Hieda S, Kokaze A, Ono K. Sex Differences in the Relationship of Serum Vitamin B1 and B12 to Dementia Among Memory Clinic Outpatients in Japan. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:667215. [PMID: 33897411 PMCID: PMC8064118 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.667215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cognitive impairment are considered to be one of the biggest social and medical problems. While there is a definite relationship between vitamin B and cognitive decline, this has yet to be fully assessed with regard to sex differences. Thus, the present study investigated the relationship of vitamin B1 or vitamin B12 with dementia in accordance with the sex in 188 patients who visited the Memory Clinic at Showa University Hospital in Japan from March 2016 to March 2019. Cognitive function was tested by the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R). Blood tests were performed to measure the vitamin levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for dementia and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to the highest vitamin group (third tertile), the lowest vitamin group (first tertile) exhibited a significantly increased OR for dementia defined by MMSE for vitamin B1 (OR:3.73, 95% CI:1.52–9.16) and vitamin B12 (2.97, 1.22–7.28) among women. In contrast, vitamin levels were not significantly associated with dementia determined by MMSE in men. These findings were similar even when dementia was defined by HDS-R. The present study suggests that vitamin B1 plays a role in preventing development of dementia in women. Future longitudinal studies will need to be undertaken in order to examine whether decreasing vitamin levels occur before or after cognitive impairment, and whether maintaining a higher vitamin level can prevent a worsening of cognitive function and the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Miki
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kinno
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kubota
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Futamura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyo Kasai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Hieda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is known as one of the fastest growing lethal diseases worldwide where we have limited and undesired ways for regulating its pathological progress. Now-a-days, nutritional compounds have been using to treat several brain disorders and one of them; vitamins were strongly reported to combat cognition and memory deterioration in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Objective: Here, the author tried to find the precise physiological roles, status, and worth of vitamins in the brain and how exactly these nutrients modulate progression of Alzheimer's disease. Results & Discussion: After a comprehensive and systematic literature review, the author reports that vitamins have various targets in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by which they act to avert the neuronal dysfunction in the disease. Several Alzheimer's disease-associated neurological deficits have reported regulating by vitamin intake but the beneficial effects identified mostly in combinatorial and long-term studies. Conclusion: In this way, the author suggests that it might be better to test vitamins with other components over single vitamin approach for a compatible and synergistic effect as well as using a combination of vitamin with other compounds can target multiple pathways. This strategy may help in deteriorating memory dysfunction and cognition impairment in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.Abbreviations: APOE: apolipoprotein E; APP: amyloid precursor protein; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Aβ- β-amyloid; cGMP: cyclic guanine monophosphate; CNS: central nervous system; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; IU: international units; RA: retinoic acid; RAR: retinoic acid receptor; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; tHcy: total homocysteine; α: alpha; β: beta; γ: gama; ε: epsilon; g: gram; µ: micron; mg: milligram; ⬆: increased,⬇: decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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5
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Beydoun MA, Shaked D, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:140. [PMID: 32523528 PMCID: PMC7261885 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lower vitamin status has been linked to cognitive deficits, pending mechanistic elucidation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin were explored against brain volumes and white matter integrity (WMI). Methods: Two prospective waves from Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were primarily used [Baltimore, City, MD, 2004–2015, N = 183–240 urban adults (Agev1: 30–64 years)]. Serum vitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin concentrations were measured at visits 1 (v1: 2004–2009), while structural and diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI/dMRI) outcomes were measured at vscan: 2011–2015. Top 10 ranked adjusted associations were corrected for multiple testing using familywise Bonferroni (FWER < 0.05) and false discovery rates (FDR, q-value < 0.10). Results: We found statistically significant (FWER < 0.05; β±SE) direct associations of 25(OH)D(v1) with WM volumes [overall: +910 ± 336/males: +2,054 ± 599], occipital WM; [overall: +140 ± 40, males: +261 ± 67 and Agev1 > 50 years: +205 ± 54]; parietal WM; [overall: +251 ± 77, males: +486 ± 129 and Agev1 > 50 years: +393 ± 108] and left occipital pole volume [overall: +15.70 ± 3.83 and above poverty: 19.0 ± 4.3]. Only trends were detected for cobalamin exposures (q < 0.10), while serum folate (v1) was associated with lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule (ALIC), reflecting greater WMI, overall, while regional FA (e.g., cingulum gyrus) was associated with greater 25(OH)D concentration. Conclusions: Among urban adults, serum 25(OH)D status was consistently linked to larger occipital and parietal WM volumes and greater region-specific WMI. Pending longitudinal replication of our findings, randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation should be conducted against brain marker outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guray Erus
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Serum Vitamin B12, and Related MTRR and Cubilin Genotypes, Predict Neural Outcomes across the AD Spectrum. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:135-145. [PMID: 32180545 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show mixed findings for serum vitamin B12 and both cognitive and regional volume outcomes. No studies to date have comprehensively examined, in non-supplemented individuals, serum B12 level associations with neurodegeneration, hypometabolism, and cognition across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Serum vitamin B12 was assayed from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL). Voxel-wise analyses regressed B12 levels against regional gray matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism (p<.05, family-wise corrected). For ADNI GM, there were 39 cognitively normal (CN), 73 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 31 AD participants. For AIBL GM, there were 311 CN, 59 MCI, and 31 AD participants. Covariates were age, sex, baseline diagnosis, APOE4 status, and Body Mass Index (BMI). In ADNI, higher B12 was negatively associated with GM in the right precuneus and bilateral frontal gyri. When diagnostic groups were examined separately, only participants with MCI or above an established cutoff for CSF total tau showed such associations. In AIBL, higher B12 was associated with more grey matter in the right amygdala and right superior temporal pole, which largely seemed to be driven by CN participants that constituted most of the sample. Our results suggest that B12 may show different patterns of association based on clinical status and, for ADNI, AD CSF biomarkers. Accounting for these factors may clarify the relationship between B12 with neural outcomes in late-life.
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7
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The Interplay of Diet Quality and Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Score in Relation to Cognitive Performance Among Urban African Americans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092181. [PMID: 31514322 PMCID: PMC6769979 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the interactive associations of poor diet quality and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) genetic risk with cognitive performance among 304 African American adults (mean age~57 years) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. In this cross-sectional study, selected participants had complete predictors and covariate data with 13 cognitive test scores as outcomes. Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were measured. A genetic risk score for AD in HANDLS (hAlzScore) was computed from 12 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our key hypotheses were tested using linear regression models. The hAlzScore was directly associated with poor performance in verbal memory (−0.4 ± 0.2, 0.01) and immediate visual memory (0.4 ± 0.2, 0.03) measured in seconds, in women only. The hAlzScore interacted synergistically with poorer diet quality to determine lower cognitive performance on a test of verbal fluency. Among numerous SNP × diet quality interactions for models of cognitive performance as outcomes, only one passed correction for multiple testing, namely verbal fluency. Our results suggest that improved diet quality can potentially modify performance on cognitive tests of verbal fluency among individuals with higher AD genetic risk.
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8
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D'Cunha NM, Georgousopoulou EN, Boyd L, Veysey M, Sturm J, O'Brien B, Lucock M, McKune AJ, Mellor DD, Roach PD, Naumovski N. Relationship Between B-Vitamin Biomarkers and Dietary Intake with Apolipoprotein E є4 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 38:173-195. [PMID: 30924734 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2019.1590287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential for B-vitamins to reduce plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described previously. However, the role of Apolipoprotein E є4 (APOE4) in this relationship has not been adequately addressed. This case-control study explored APOE4 genotype in an Australian sample of 63 healthy individuals (female = 38; age = 76.9 ± 4.7 y) and 63 individuals with AD (female = 35, age = 77.1 ± 5.3 y). Findings revealed 55 of 126 participants expressed the APOE4 genotype with 37 of 126 having both AD and the APOE4 genotype. Analysis revealed an increased likelihood of AD when Hcy levels are >11.0 µmol/L (p = 0.012), cysteine levels were <255 µmol/L (p = 0.033) and serum folate was <22.0 nmol/L (p = 0.003; in males only). In females, dietary intake of total folate <336 µg/day (p=0.001), natural folate <270 µg/day (p = 0.011), and vitamin B2 < 1.12 mg/day (p = 0.028) was associated with an increased AD risk. These results support Hcy, Cys, and SF as useful biomarkers for AD, irrespective of APOE4 genotype and as such should be considered as part of screening and managing risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M D'Cunha
- a Faculty Health , University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- a Faculty Health , University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,c Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education , Harokopio University , Athens , Greece
| | - Lyndell Boyd
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Martin Veysey
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia.,e Hull York Medical School , University of York Heslington , York , UK
| | - Jonathan Sturm
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia.,f Neurology Department , Central Coast Local Health District , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Bill O'Brien
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia.,f Neurology Department , Central Coast Local Health District , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mark Lucock
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- a Faculty Health , University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,g Research Institute for Sport and Exercise , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia.,h University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UC-HRI), University of Canberra , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Duane D Mellor
- a Faculty Health , University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,h University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UC-HRI), University of Canberra , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,i School of Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK
| | - Paul D Roach
- d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- a Faculty Health , University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,d School of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Newcastle , NSW , Australia.,h University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UC-HRI), University of Canberra , Canberra , ACT , Australia
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9
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Fenech M. Vitamins Associated with Brain Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:958-970. [PMID: 29141977 PMCID: PMC5682999 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to preventing brain aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD) via vitamin intake is first to understand molecular mechanisms, then to deduce relevant biomarkers, and subsequently to test the level of evidence for the impact of vitamins in the relevant pathways and their modulation of dementia risk. This narrative review infers information on mechanisms from gene and metabolic defects associated with MCI and AD, and assesses the role of vitamins using recent results from animal and human studies. Current evidence suggests that all known vitamins and some "quasi-vitamins" are involved as cofactors or influence ≥1 of the 6 key sets of pathways or pathologies associated with MCI or AD, relating to 1) 1-carbon metabolism, 2) DNA damage and repair, 3) mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, 4) lipid and phospholipid metabolism and myelination, 5) neurotransmitter synthesis and synaptogenesis, and 6) amyloidosis and Tau protein phosphorylation. The contemporary level of evidence for each of the vitamins varies considerably, but it is notable that B vitamins are involved as cofactors in all of the core pathways or pathologies and, together with vitamins C and E, are consistently associated with a protective role against dementia. Outcomes from recent studies indicate that the efficacy and safety of supplementation with vitamins to prevent MCI and the early stages of AD will most likely depend on 1) which pathways are defective, 2) which vitamins are deficient and could correct the relevant metabolic defects, and 3) the modulating impact of nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-genotype interaction. More focus on a precision nutrition approach is required to realize the full potential of vitamin therapy in preventing dementia and to avoid causing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Dayon L, Guiraud SP, Corthésy J, Da Silva L, Migliavacca E, Tautvydaitė D, Oikonomidi A, Moullet B, Henry H, Métairon S, Marquis J, Descombes P, Collino S, Martin FPJ, Montoliu I, Kussmann M, Wojcik J, Bowman GL, Popp J. One-carbon metabolism, cognitive impairment and CSF measures of Alzheimer pathology: homocysteine and beyond. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017. [PMID: 28623948 PMCID: PMC5473969 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid and metabolite of the methionine pathway. The interrelated methionine, purine, and thymidylate cycles constitute the one-carbon metabolism that plays a critical role in the synthesis of DNA, neurotransmitters, phospholipids, and myelin. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that one-carbon metabolites beyond Hcy are relevant to cognitive function and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of AD pathology in older adults. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed on matched CSF and plasma collected from 120 older community-dwelling adults with (n = 72) or without (n = 48) cognitive impairment. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to quantify one-carbon metabolites and their cofactors. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was initially applied to clinical and biomarker measures that generate the highest diagnostic accuracy of a priori-defined cognitive impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating-based) and AD pathology (i.e., CSF tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 [p-tau181]/β-Amyloid 1–42 peptide chain [Aβ1–42] >0.0779) to establish a reference benchmark. Two other LASSO-determined models were generated that included the one-carbon metabolites in CSF and then plasma. Correlations of CSF and plasma one-carbon metabolites with CSF amyloid and tau were explored. LASSO-determined models were stratified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status. Results The diagnostic accuracy of cognitive impairment for the reference model was 80.8% and included age, years of education, Aβ1–42, tau, and p-tau181. A model including CSF cystathionine, methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), serine, cysteine, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) improved the diagnostic accuracy to 87.4%. A second model derived from plasma included cystathionine, glycine, methionine, SAH, SAM, serine, cysteine, and Hcy and reached a diagnostic accuracy of 87.5%. CSF SAH and 5-MTHF were associated with CSF tau and p-tau181. Plasma one-carbon metabolites were able to diagnose subjects with a positive CSF profile of AD pathology in APOE ε4 carriers. Conclusions We observed significant improvements in the prediction of cognitive impairment by adding one-carbon metabolites. This is partially explained by associations with CSF tau and p-tau181, suggesting a role for one-carbon metabolism in the aggregation of tau and neuronal injury. These metabolites may be particularly critical in APOE ε4 carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0270-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dayon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Seu Ping Guiraud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Corthésy
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laeticia Da Silva
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Migliavacca
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domilė Tautvydaitė
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Oikonomidi
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Moullet
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Department of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Marquis
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Collino
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François-Pierre J Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Montoliu
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Present address: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Gene L Bowman
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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