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Prapaiwan N, Manee-In S, Thanawongnuwech R, Srisuwatanasagul S. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in serum and testes of male dogs: relations with neuter status and bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. Theriogenology 2023; 208:171-177. [PMID: 37352559 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) analysis has contributed to new information in the reproductive endocrinology of domestic animals, due to clinically available diagnostic tools. An accurate and rapid diagnostic method to distinguish between neutered and bilateral abdominal cryptorchid dogs is needed in veterinary practice. Therefore, this study uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the clinical relevance of AMH analysis in peripheral blood as a diagnostic tool for dogs with suspected bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. The possible alteration of the AMH localization in testicular tissue caused by this pathologic condition was also investigated using immunohistochemistry. Male dogs were divided into three groups of healthy intact (n = 14), healthy castrated (n = 14), and bilateral abdominal cryptorchid (n = 14) dogs. The results demonstrated a higher level of serum AMH in the cryptorchid group compared to the intact group (P < 0.01), while serum AMH levels of all castrated dogs were below the limit of detection (<0.05 ng/mL). Moreover, the percentage of positive AMH immunostaining of the intact group was less than that of the cryptorchid group (P < 0.01). A significantly positive correlation was found between serum AMH concentration and localization in testicular tissues (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that AMH levels in the peripheral blood could be used as an alternative and rapid screening method for detecting dogs with abdominal cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prapaiwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - S Manee-In
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - R Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - S Srisuwatanasagul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Kusaka H, Sugiyama M, Kameshima S, Kakizaki T, Suzuki Y, Ando R, Miura H, Kikuchi M, Kawaguchi H, Sakaguchi M. Male pseudohermaphroditism in a complex malformed calf born with an acardius amorphus cotwin-a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37464343 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male pseudohermaphroditism is a developmental anomaly wherein animals are genetically and gonadally male, but their internal and/or external genitalia resemble those of females. In cattle, pseudohermaphroditism is often accompanied by multiple severe malformations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of male pseudohermaphroditism in a complex malformed calf born with an acardius amorphous cotwin. CASE PRESENTATION This report describes the case of a three-day-old, male anurous Japanese Black calf born with an acardius amorphous cotwin, complete absence of the tail, agenesis of the anus, separate scrota, and umbilical hernia. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography revealed serious malformations in the skeletal system and the circulatory, digestive, urinary, and genital organs. Necropsy revealed rectal atresia, immature testes, epididymis, and penis, but no male accessory gonads. Histological analyses revealed vaginal- and uterine-like tissues adjacent to or fused to the rectum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected X and Y chromosomes, and some cells presented two X-probe signals in the same nucleus. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the male genitalia, the female genitalia derived from the Müllerian ducts were difficult to detect by necropsy in the presented case. Many similar cases may be overlooked in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kusaka
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameshima
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kakizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology and Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kikuchi
- Veterinary Clinical Education Promotion Office, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Minoru Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
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Tsogtgerel M, Komyo N, Murase H, Hannan MA, Watanabe K, Ohtaki T, Tsumagari S, Kawate N, Nambo Y. Serum concentrations and testicular expressions of insulin-like peptide 3 and Anti-Müllerian hormone in normal and cryptorchid male horses. Theriogenology 2020; 154:135-142. [PMID: 32645589 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is an important hormone for testicular descent during embryonic development and a factor for assessing functional status of Leydig cells of testes, but there is limited number of equine studies. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a useful diagnostic marker for cryptorchidism in horses. This study aimed to compare serum concentrations and testicular expression intensity of INSL3 and AMH in intact and cryptorchid male horses. Serum INSL3 concentrations in intact (n = 9; mean ± SEM, 19.9 ± 5.9 ng/mL) and noncastrated unilateral cryptorchid (UC) male horses (n = 16; mean ± SEM, 16.8 ± 4.1 ng/mL) were higher compared with hemicastrated unilateral cryptorchid (HCUC) male horses (n = 9; mean ± SEM, 3.8 ± 0.7 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). And serum INSL3 in bilateral cryptorchid (BC) male horses (n = 4; 1.9 ± 0.4; mean ± SEM, ng/mL) were lower compared with intact male horses (P < 0.05). Serum AMH concentrations in BC male horses (n = 3; mean ± SEM, 30.6 ± 4.8 ng/mL) were higher compared with intact male horses (n = 5; mean ± SEM, 12.2 ± 3.9 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). Immunostaining of scrotal and cryptorchid testis showed that Sertoli cells were positive for AMH, and Leydig cells were positive for INSL3. Staining intensity of AMH was higher in cryptorchid testis than in scrotal testis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AMH expression intensity was higher in abdominal testis than in inguinal testis (P < 0.05). Immunostaining intensity of INSL3 in the testis was positively correlated with serum INSL3 (r, 0.7; P < 0.01), seminiferous tubule area (r, 0.727; P < 0.01), and Johnsen score for spermatogenesis (r, 0.604; P < 0.05), whereas immunostaining intensity of AMH in the testis was negatively correlated with seminiferous tubule area (r, -0.814; P < 0.01) and Johnsen score for spermatogenesis (r, -0.807; P < 0.01). Our findings suggested that AMH is a good biomarker for diagnosing cryptorchidism in male horses, in addition to INSL3 values to assess the testis of intact and cryptorchid male horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nao Komyo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Harutaka Murase
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido, 0570-0171, Japan
| | - M A Hannan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Ohtaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Fuke N, Kitahara G, Ito S, Van Diep N, Ping Teh AP, Izzati UZ, Myint O, Hirai T, Torisu S, Kaneko Y, Sato H, Hidaka Y, Osawa T, Yamaguchi R. Severe Degenerative Changes in Cryptorchid Testes in Japanese Black Cattle. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:418-426. [PMID: 32096446 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820906891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This is a histopathologic and endocrinologic study of 6 calves diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Cases 1-3 were diagnosed as resembling testicular regression syndrome. In cases 1 and 2, the extracted tissue was a small, firm, gray-white mass, and there was lack of obvious testicular tissue in case 3. Histopathologically, the excised tissue in cases 1-3 was a fibrotic testicular remnant with inflammation, mineralization, hemosiderin-laden macrophages or lipofuscin-laden macrophages, and lack of germ cells and interstitial endocrine cells. These findings were compared with cases 4-6, which were diagnosed as testicular hypoplasia due to cryptorchidism. These cases had small but otherwise grossly unremarkable intra-abdominal testicular tissue and histologically had a few germ cells and sustentacular cells with arrested spermatogenesis and an increase in interstitial endocrine cells. Cases 1-3 had more severe degenerative changes compared with cases 4-6. In case 2, the average diameter of the seminiferous tubules was much smaller than in cases 4-6, and there were few tubule cross sections. Anti-Müllerian hormone (214 pg/ml) was detected in the plasma of case 2. Based on the macroscopic and histopathologic findings as well as endocrinologic profiles, the testicular degeneration in cases 1-3 was considered similar to that of testicular regression syndrome. In this condition, it is thought that a normally developing intra-abdominal testis undergoes degeneration due to heat or a vascular disorder such as torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Go Kitahara
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Soma Ito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Diep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Angeline Ping Ping Teh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Uda Zahli Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ohnmar Myint
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shidow Torisu
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kaneko
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hidaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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El-Sheikh Ali H, Kitahara G, Nibe K, Osawa T. Endocrinological characterization of an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor with a Sertoli cell pattern in a Japanese Black cow. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1501-1504. [PMID: 31448448 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese Black cow was evaluated for prolonged post-partum anestrus and enlargement of the right ovary. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed that the right ovary was markedly enlarged and had a solid appearance, while the left ovary was small and inactive. The presumptive diagnosis was directed towards granulosa-theca cell tumour (GTCT) which was supported by markedly elevated plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; 332.0 ng/ml), oestradiol (E2 ; 103.3 pg/ml) and immunoreactive inhibin (ir-INH; 2.1 ng/ml) in comparison with the diagnostic cut-off points for bovine GTCTs. Since the cow had been infertile and had swelling of the udder, slaughter was chosen. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumour (SCST) with a Sertoli cell pattern. These findings suggest that plasma AMH, ir-INH and E2 could be possible biomarkers for bovine ovarian SCST with a Sertoli cell pattern, whereas this case could not be distinguished from GTCTs based on endocrinological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Go Kitahara
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Qiu Q, Shao T, He Y, Muhammad AUR, Cao B, Su H. Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying SRY gene: a comparison experiment. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4616. [PMID: 29719732 PMCID: PMC5926548 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freemartinism generally occurs in female offspring of dizygotic twins in a mixed-sex pregnancy. Most bovine heterosexual twin females are freemartins. However, about 10% of bovine heterosexual twin females are fertile. Farmers mostly cull bovine fertile heterosexual twin females due to the lack of a practical diagnostic approach. Culling of such animals results in economic and genetic-material losses both for dairy and beef industry. METHODS In this study, a comparative test, including qualitative detection of SRY gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative detection of relative content of SRY by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and quantitative detection of H-Y antigen, was performed to establish the most accurate diagnosis for freemartin. Twelve Holstein heterosexual twin females were used in this study, while three normal Holstein bulls and three normal Holstein cows were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction results revealed that SRY gene were absent in three heterosexual twin females and only two of them were verified as fertile in later age. The qPCR results showed that relative content of SRY was more than 14.2% in freemartins and below 0.41% in fertile heterosexual twin females. The H-Y antigen test showed no significant numerical difference between freemartin and fertile heterosexual twin female. DISCUSSION Our results show that relative content of SRY quantified by qPCR is a better detection method for diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle as compare to qualitative detection of SRY gene by PCR or quantitative detection of H-Y antigen. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time we applied qPCR to diagnosing freemartin by quantifying SRY gene and got relative SRY content of each freemartin and fertile heterosexual twin female. We concluded that low-level of SRY would not influence fertility of bovine heterosexual twin female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahman Muhammad
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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