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Guo J, Si G, Si F. Association of immune cells and the risk of esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study in a East Asian population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38064. [PMID: 38701252 PMCID: PMC11062746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been used in esophageal cancer (EC), but the causal relationship between EC and immune cells is not clear. Although the cellular phenotype has been reported as a biomarker for immunotherapy, the biomarker studies for immunotherapy in EC still face great challenges. Comprehensive 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to determine the causal association between immune cell signatures and EC in this study. Based on publicly available genetic data, we explored causal associations between 731 immune cell signatures and EC risk. EC had no statistically significant effect on immunophenotypes. Nine immunophenotype types were positively associated with the risk of EC: CD20-%B cell, CD20% lymphocytes, CD25 on IgD- CD27-, CD25 on IgD+ CD24+, CD27 on IgD+ CD24+, CD28+ CD45RA- CD8br AC, CD3 on TD CD8br, IgD-CD38dim%B cells, and Mo MDSC AC. In addition, a total of 15 immunophenotypes were identified as causally associated with EC. IgD+ CD38- %B cell, IgD- CD24- %lymphocyte, CD19 on IgD- CD38dim, CD20 on IgD+ CD24+, CD62L-myeloid DC AC, CD4+ AC, Lymphocyte %leukocyte, CD3 on HLA-DR+ T cell, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, HVEM on naive CD4+ AC, HVEM on CD45RA- CD4+, CD4 on TD CD4+, CD4 on CD4 Treg, and CD4 on CD39+ resting Treg, and CD4 on activated & secreting Treg. Our study has demonstrated the close connection between immune cells and EC by genetic means, thus providing guidance for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Guo
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Academy of Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Henan International Joint, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gao Si
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Si
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Academy of Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Henan International Joint, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Tang L, Xu H, Wu T, Wu W, Lu Y, Gu J, Wang X, Zhou M, Chen Q, Sun X, Cai H. Advances in tumor microenvironment and underlying molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer: a systematic review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:111. [PMID: 38602556 PMCID: PMC11009183 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of the urinary system. The prevalence of bladder cancer among men and women is roughly 5:2, and both its incidence and death have been rising steadily over the past few years. At the moment, metastasis and recurrence of advanced bladder cancer-which are believed to be connected to the malfunction of multigene and multilevel cell signaling network-remain the leading causes of bladder cancer-related death. The therapeutic treatment of bladder cancer will be greatly aided by the elucidation of these mechanisms. New concepts for the treatment of bladder cancer have been made possible by the advancement of research technologies and a number of new treatment options, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy. In this paper, we will extensively review the development of the tumor microenvironment and the possible molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhou J, Zhou R, Zhu Y, Deng S, Muhuitijiang B, Li C, Shi X, Zhang L, Tan W. Investigating the impact of regulatory B cells and regulatory B cell-related genes on bladder cancer progression and immunotherapeutic sensitivity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:101. [PMID: 38566204 PMCID: PMC10985985 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory B cells (Bregs), a specialized subset of B cells that modulate immune responses and maintain immune tolerance in malignant tumors, have not been extensively investigated in the context of bladder cancer (BLCA). This study aims to elucidate the roles of Bregs and Breg-related genes in BLCA. METHODS We assessed Breg infiltration levels in 34 pairs of BLCA and corresponding paracancerous tissues using immunohistochemical staining. We conducted transwell and wound healing assays to evaluate the impact of Bregs on the malignant phenotype of SW780 and T24 cells. Breg-related genes were identified through gene sets and transcriptional analysis. The TCGA-BLCA cohort served as the training set, while the IMvigor210 and 5 GEO cohorts were used as external validation sets. We employed LASSO regression and random forest for feature selection and developed a risk signature using Cox regression. Primary validation of the risk signature was performed through immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR experiments using the 34 local BLCA samples. Additionally, we employed transfection assays and flow cytometry to investigate Breg expansion ability and immunosuppressive functions. RESULTS Breg levels in BLCA tissues were significantly elevated compared to paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with tumor malignancy (P < 0.05). Co-incubation of SW780 and T24 cells with Bregs resulted in enhanced invasion and migration abilities (all P < 0.05). We identified 27 Breg-related genes, including CD96, OAS1, and CSH1, which were integrated into the risk signature. This signature demonstrated robust prognostic classification across the 6 cohorts (pooled HR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.52-3.33). Moreover, the signature exhibited positive associations with advanced tumor stage (P < 0.001) and Breg infiltration ratios (P < 0.05) in the local samples. Furthermore, the signature successfully predicted immunotherapeutic sensitivity in three cohorts (all P < 0.05). Knockdown of CSH1 in B cells increased Breg phenotype and enhanced suppressive ability against CD8 + T cells (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bregs play a pro-tumor role in the development of BLCA. The Breg-related gene signature established in this study holds great potential as a valuable tool for evaluating prognosis and predicting immunotherapeutic response in BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shikai Deng
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Bahaerguli Muhuitijiang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Gu L, Hu G, Hu J, Wen F. Construction and comprehensive analysis of a novel prognostic signature associated with immunogenic cell death molecular subtypes in patients with bladder cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18848. [PMID: 37593621 PMCID: PMC10428052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggers adaptive immune responses that aid in anticancer therapy. However, the significance of ICD-associated genes (ICDAGs) in clinical applications and their potential impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Methods The TCGA cohort was divided into different ICD clusters using the method of Consensus clustering. We assessed the clinical results and TME features of various ICD clusters. GSVA quantified the activation of hallmark gene sets. To establish an ICD molecular subtypes-related prognostic model (ICDRPM), we performed LASSO Cox regression analysis on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among ICD subtypes. We evaluated the assessment of risk groups by analyzing the proportion of immune cells, the TME, differences in genomic mutation, the efficacy of immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity. To enhance the clinical effectiveness of the ICDRPM, a nomograph was developed. Results Two distinct molecular subtypes were identified, and changes in ICDRGs were associated with clinical outcomes and TME characteristics of patients. A total of 1162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from two ICD clusters, and an ICDRPS was then developed to predict overall survival (OS). During both internal and external validation, patients classified as high-risk exhibited significantly poorer overall survival compared to those classified as low-risk. Additionally, the ICDRPS (ICD_score) was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with BC, demonstrating excellent predictive performance. Afterward, we constructed a dependable nomogram to improve the practicality of the ICD_score. Furthermore, low-risk individuals showed stronger immunocyte infiltration, higher immune checkpoint expression, and higher IPS-PD-1 combined IPS-CTLA4 scores, indicating a greater response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Moreover, individuals categorized as having low or high risk exhibited contrasting sensitivity to anticancer medications. Conclusions The model constructed for genes related to ICD provided meaningful clinical implications for immunotherapy, and facilitated individualized treatment for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Pathology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Pathology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
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Quesada S, Lebreton C, Caux C, Italiano A, Dubois B. [Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: From biology to therapeutic guides]. Bull Cancer 2023:S0007-4551(23)00205-9. [PMID: 37150731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are inducible ectopic lymphoid aggregates, which form in response to various inflammatory situations, including cancer. TLS are notably composed of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, mature dendritic cells and other key players such as high endothelial venules. Furthermore, TLS can present different levels of organization and maturation, from simple T/B lymphocyte aggregates to authentic mature B cell follicles with germinal centers adjacent to T cell rich areas. While over the past decade, TLS may have been associated with a favorable prognosis in various cancers, the year 2022 was marked by the first prospective trial (PEMBROSARC) that reported the interest of TLS as predictive biomarkers of pembrolizumab efficacy for the treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas. All along this review, we will first address the molecular and cellular bases of TLS as well as the different strategies for identifying them in clinical practice, then discuss the prognostic/predictive impact of their presence and finally, we will elaborate on the current limitations and perspectives in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Quesada
- Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier - ICM (UNICANCER), département d'oncologie médicale, Montpellier, France.
| | - Coriolan Lebreton
- Institut Bergonié (UNICANCER), département d'oncologie médicale, Bordeaux, France; ARTiSt Lab, Inserm U1312, université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, Inserm 1052, université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, université de Lyon, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Équipe "Surveillance immunitaire des tumeurs et ciblage thérapeutique", Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'immunothérapie du cancer de Lyon (LICL), Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Institut Bergonié (UNICANCER), département d'oncologie médicale, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, faculté de médecine, Bordeaux, France; DITEP, institut Gustave Roussy - IGR (UNICANCER), Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Dubois
- Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, Inserm 1052, université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, université de Lyon, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Équipe "Surveillance immunitaire des tumeurs et ciblage thérapeutique", Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'immunothérapie du cancer de Lyon (LICL), Lyon, France
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Lee-Chang C, Lesniak MS. Next-generation antigen-presenting cell immune therapeutics for gliomas. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163449. [PMID: 36719372 PMCID: PMC9888388 DOI: 10.1172/jci163449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation machinery and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are fundamental for an efficacious immune response against cancers, especially in the context of T cell-centric immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs), the gold standard APCs, play a crucial role in initiating and maintaining a productive antigen-specific adaptive immunity. In recent decades, ex vivo-differentiated DCs from circulating CD14+ monocytes have become the reference for APC-based immunotherapy. DCs loaded with tumor-associated antigens, synthetic peptides, or RNA activate T cells with antitumor properties. This strategy has paved the way for the development of alternative antigen-presenting vaccination strategies, such as monocytes, B cells, and artificial APCs, that have shown effective therapeutic outcomes in preclinical cancer models. The search for alternative APC platforms was initiated by the overall limited clinical impact of DC vaccines, especially in indications such as gliomas, a primary brain tumor known for resistance to any immune intervention. In this Review, we navigate the APC immune therapeutics' past, present, and future in the context of primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Saudi A, Banday V, Zirakzadeh AA, Selinger M, Forsberg J, Holmbom M, Henriksson J, Waldén M, Alamdari F, Aljabery F, Winqvist O, Sherif A. Immune-Activated B Cells Are Dominant in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030920. [PMID: 36765877 PMCID: PMC9913271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are multifaceted immune cells responding robustly during immune surveillance against tumor antigens by presentation to T cells and switched immunoglobulin production. However, B cells are unstudied in prostate cancer (PCa). We used flow cytometry to analyze B-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from intermediate-high risk PCa patients. B-cell subpopulations were related to clinicopathological factors. B-cell-receptor single-cell sequencing and VDJ analysis identified clonal B-cell expansion in blood and lymph nodes. Pathological staging was pT2 in 16%, pT3a in 48%, and pT3b in 36%. Lymph node metastases occurred in 5/25 patients (20%). Compared to healthy donors, the peripheral blood CD19+ B-cell compartment was significantly decreased in PCa patients and dominated by naïve B cells. The nodal B-cell compartment had significantly increased fractions of CD19+ B cells and switched memory B cells. Plasmablasts were observed in tumor-draining sentinel lymph nodes (SNs). VDJ analysis revealed clonal expansion in lymph nodes. Thus, activated B cells are increased in SNs from PCa patients. The increased fraction of switched memory cells and plasmablasts together with the presence of clonally expanded B cells indicate tumor-specific T-cell-dependent responses from B cells, supporting an important role for B cells in the protection against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aws Saudi
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viqar Banday
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umea University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Selinger
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Forsberg
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Holmbom
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mauritz Waldén
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, 652 30 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Farhood Alamdari
- Department of Urology, Västmanland Hospital, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- ABClabs, BioClinicum, Campus Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Zhang H, Liu J, Zheng Z. Molecular subtypes, tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization and prognosis model based on cuproptosis in bladder cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15088. [PMID: 37041979 PMCID: PMC10083007 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a kind of cell death dependent on copper. We aimed to explore the functions of the cuproptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and construct a cuproptosis-related prognosis signature in bladder cancer (BCa). Using BCa patients in the public cohort, the cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes and cuproptosis-related prognosis signature were developed. Three cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes, with different prognoses and TME characteristics, were identified in BCa. The cuproptosis-related prognosis signature can divide patients into high- and low-risk groups with different prognoses, TME characteristics, chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility and immunotherapeutic response. Low risk group patients had a favored prognosis and response to immunotherapy. The dysregulation of cuproptosis-related genes expression levels was validated in multiple BCa cells using in vitro experiments. Cuproptosis has an important role in the tumor progression and the characterization of TME in BCa. The cuproptosis-related prognosis signature is a useful biomarker that can reflect the prognosis, TME characteristics, immunotherapeutic response and chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility in BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng J, Zhang S, Fan A, Li Y, Xu P, Huang J, He M, Wang H. An immune-related gene signature for the prognosis of human bladder cancer based on WGCNA. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106186. [PMID: 36335813 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The innovation of immunotherapy was a milestone in the treatment of bladder cancer (BLCA). However, the treatment benefits varied by individual thus promoting the investigation of the biomarker of the patients. Unfortunately, there were not many effective predictive models, which were desired by clinicians, for BLCA that can predict the prognosis and benefit of immunotherapy. We constructed a three genes prognosis prediction model termed RiskScore based on the result of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 406). We then validated the prediction accuracy with three validation cohort(GSE13507 (n = 165), GSE48075(n = 73), GSE32894(n = 224)). We compared the differences in gene expression, immune relate function, and immune infiltration between two groups divided by RiskScore. We further discovered the potential drug target and suitable compounds for high-risk groups. Our results suggested that the low-risk group may be more potential for immunotherapy for they have higher B cell infiltration, higher expression of immune checkpoints(PDCD1, CTLA4), and much more active immune-related pathways(B cell and T cell receptor signaling pathway). The RiskScore showed a well predictive accuracy for the prognosis of BLCA. After Spearman analysis, we found the suitable drug target and compounds for the patients in the high-risk group. The model we constructed is able to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients with ease and accuracy. PLK1 and gefitinib may be utilized for further treatment of BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangting Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoyu Fan
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peirong Xu
- Department of Urology, Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minke He
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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A novel focal adhesion-related risk model predicts prognosis of bladder cancer —— a bioinformatic study based on TCGA and GEO database. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1158. [PMID: 36357874 PMCID: PMC9647995 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the ninth most common cancer globally, as well as the fourth most common cancer in men, with an incidence of 7%. However, few effective prognostic biomarkers or models of BLCA are available at present. Methods The prognostic genes of BLCA were screened from one cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database through univariate Cox regression analysis and functionally annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The intersecting genes of the BLCA gene set and focal adhesion-related gene were obtained and subjected to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) to construct a prognostic model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of high- and low-risk patients was performed to explore further the biological process related to focal adhesion genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (KM) were used to evaluate the prognostic model. DNA methylation analysis was presented to explore the relationship between prognosis and gene methylation. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration was assessed by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and TIMER. The model was verified in an external GSE32894 cohort of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the Prognoscan database presented further validation of genes. The HPA database validated the related protein level, and functional experiments verified significant risk factors in the model. Results VCL, COL6A1, RAC3, PDGFD, JUN, LAMA2, and ITGB6 were used to construct a prognostic model in the TCGA-BLCA cohort and validated in the GSE32894 cohort. The 7-gene model successfully stratified the patients into both cohorts’ high- and low-risk groups. The higher risk score was associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusions The 7-gene prognostic model can classify BLCA patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the risk score and predict the overall survival, which may aid clinical decision-making. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10264-5.
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Senserrich J, Guallar-Garrido S, Gomez-Mora E, Urrea V, Clotet B, Julián E, Cabrera C. Remodeling the bladder tumor immune microenvironment by mycobacterial species with changes in their cell envelope composition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993401. [PMID: 36304456 PMCID: PMC9593704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravesical BCG instillation after bladder tumor resection is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; however, it is not always effective and frequently has undesirable side effects. Therefore, new strategies that improve the clinical management of patients are urgently needed. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the bladder tumor immune microenvironment profile after intravesical treatment with a panel of mycobacteria with variation in their cell envelope composition and its impact on survival using an orthotopic murine model to identify more effective and safer therapeutic strategies. tumor-bearing mice were intravesically treated with a panel of BCG and M. brumae cultured under different conditions. Untreated tumor-bearing mice and healthy mice were also included as controls. After mycobacterial treatments, the infiltrating immune cell populations in the bladder were analysed by flow cytometry. We provide evidence that mycobacterial treatment triggered a strong immune infiltration into the bladder, with BCG inducing higher global absolute infiltration than M. brumae. The induced global immune microenvironment was strikingly different between the two mycobacterial species, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. Compared with M. brumae, BCG treated mice exhibited a more robust infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells skewed toward an effector memory phenotype, with higher frequencies of NKT cells, neutrophils/gMDSCs and monocytes, especially the inflammatory subset, and higher CD4+ TEM/CD4+ Treg and CD8+ TEM/CD4+ Treg ratios. Conversely, M. brumae treatment triggered higher proportions of total activated immune cells and activated CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cells and lower ratios of CD4+ TEM cells/CD4+ Tregs, CD8+ TEM cells/CD4+ Tregs and inflammatory/reparative monocytes. Notably, the mycobacterial cell envelope composition in M. brumae had a strong impact on the immune microenvironment, shaping the B and myeloid cell compartment and T-cell maturation profile and thus improving survival. Overall, we demonstrate that the bladder immune microenvironment induced by mycobacterial treatment is species specific and shaped by mycobacterial cell envelope composition. Therefore, the global bladder immune microenvironment can be remodelled, improving the quality of infiltrating immune cells, the balance between inflammatory and regulatory/suppressive responses and increasing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Senserrich
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Gomez-Mora
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Urrea
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Cabrera, ; Esther Julián,
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12
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Viveiros N, Flores BC, Lobo J, Martins-Lima C, Cantante M, Lopes P, Deantonio C, Palu C, Sainson RC, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Detailed bladder cancer immunoprofiling reveals new clues for immunotherapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1402. [PMID: 36092481 PMCID: PMC9440624 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bladder cancer (BlCa) is the tenth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the costliest to treat and monitor. Muscle-invasive BlCa (MIBC) has a dismal prognosis, entailing the need for alternative therapies for the standard radical cystectomy. Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has been approved for high-grade non-muscle-invasive BlCa (HG NMIBC) and metastatic disease, but its effectiveness in localised MIBC remains under scrutiny. Herein, we sought to characterise and compare the immune infiltrate of HG NMIBC and MIBC samples, including ICOS expression, a targetable immune checkpoint associated with regulatory T cell(Tregs)-mediated immunosuppression. Methods Immunohistochemistry for CD83, CD20, CD68, CD163, CD3, CD8, CD4, FoxP3/ICOS and PD-L1 was performed in HG NMIBC and MIBC samples (n = 206), and positive staining was quantified in the peritumoral and/or intratumoral tissue compartments with QuPath imaging software. Results CD20+ B cells, CD68+ and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages were significantly increased in MIBCs and associated with poor prognosis. In turn, higher infiltration of T cells was associated with prolonged survival, with exception of the CD4+ helper subset. Intratumoral expression of CD3 and CD8 was independent prognostic factors for increased disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariable analysis. Remarkably, Tregs (FoxP3+/FoxP3+ICOS+) were found differentially distributed between tissue compartments. PD-L1 immunoexpression independently predicted a shorter DFS and associated with higher infiltration of FoxP3+ICOS+ Tregs. Conclusions Immune infiltrates of HG NMIBC and MIBC display significant differences that may help selecting patients for immunotherapies. Considering ICOS immunoexpression results, it might constitute a relevant therapeutic target, eventually in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, for certain BlCa patient subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Viveiros
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal
| | - Bianca Ct Flores
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Porto Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins-Lima
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
| | - Paula Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Porto Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Porto Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Porto Portugal
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13
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Eismann L, Rodler S, Buchner A, Schulz GB, Volz Y, Bischoff R, Ebner B, Westhofen T, Casuscelli J, Waidelich R, Stief C, Schlenker B, Ledderose S. Identification of the Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) Landscape in Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163999. [PMID: 36010989 PMCID: PMC9406640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known as important prognostic biomarkers and build the fundament for immunotherapy. However, the presence of TILs and its impact on outcome in pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder remains uncertain. Methods: Out of 1600 patients undergoing radical cystectomy, 61 patients revealed pure bladder SCC in the final histopathological specimen. Retrospectively, immunohistochemical staining was performed on a subset of TILs (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+). Endpoints were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The Kaplan−Meier method was used to evaluate survival outcomes. Results: Strong infiltration of CD3+ was found in 27 (44%); of CD4+ in 28 (46%); of CD8+ in 26 (43%); and of CD20+ in 27 tumors (44%). Improved OS was observed for strong CD3+ (p < 0.001); CD4+ (p = 0.045); CD8+ (p = 0.001); and CD20+ infiltration (p < 0.001). Increased rates of PFS were observed for CD3+ (p = 0.025) and CD20+ TILs (p = 0.002). In multivariate analyses, strong CD3+ (HR: 0.163, CI: 0.044−0.614) and strong CD8+ TILs (HR: 0.265, CI: 0.081−0.864) were revealed as predictors for OS and the strong infiltration of CD20+ cells (HR: 0.095, CI: 0.019−0.464) for PFS. Conclusions: These first results of TILs in bladder SCC revealed predictive values of CD3+, CD8+ and CD20+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Eismann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Bastian Schulz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yannic Volz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Bischoff
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo Westhofen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jozefina Casuscelli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raphaela Waidelich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Schlenker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ledderose
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
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14
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Wang Y, Xiang M, Zhang H, Lu Y. Decreased complement 4d increases poor prognosis in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer combined with gastrointestinal lymph node metastasis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:560. [PMID: 35978919 PMCID: PMC9366274 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common malignancy that is difficult to treat and has a high risk of mortality. Although gastrointestinal lymph node metastasis has long been known to exert major impact on the prognosis of lung cancer, the mechanism of its occurrence and potential biological markers remain elusive. Therefore, the present study retrospectively analyzed data from 132 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) combined with lymph node metastasis between February 2010 and April 2019 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou, China) and Sichuan Cancer Hospital (Chengdu, China). Overall survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox logistic regression model. In addition, a prediction model was constructed based on immune indicators such as complement C3b and C4d (measured by ELISA), before the accuracy of this model was validated using calibration curves for 5-year OS. Among the 132 included patients, a total of 92 (70.0%) succumbed to the disease within 5 years. Multifactorial analysis revealed that complement C3b deficiency increased the risk of mortality by nearly two-fold [hazard ratio (HR)=2.23; 95% CI=1.20-4.14; P=0.017], whilst complement C4d deficiency similarly increased the risk of mortality by two-fold (HR=2.14; 95% CI=1.14-4.00; P=0.012). The variables were subsequently screened using Cox model to construct a prediction model based on complement C3b and C4d levels before a Nomogram plotted. By internal validation for the 132 patients, the Nomogram accurately estimated the risk of mortality, with a corrected C-index of 0.810. External validation of the model in another 50 patients from Sichuan Cancer Hospital revealed an accuracy of 77.0%. Overall, this mortality risk prediction model constructed based on complement levels showed accuracy in assessing the prognosis of patients with metastatic NSCLC. Therefore, complement C3b and C4d have potential for use as biomarkers to predict the risk of mortality in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Huachuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yongda Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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15
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Fridman WH, Meylan M, Petitprez F, Sun CM, Italiano A, Sautès-Fridman C. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures as determinants of tumour immune contexture and clinical outcome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:441-457. [PMID: 35365796 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells are a major component of the tumour microenvironment, where they are predominantly associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). In germinal centres within mature TLS, B cell clones are selectively activated and amplified, and undergo antibody class switching and somatic hypermutation. Subsequently, these B cell clones differentiate into plasma cells that can produce IgG or IgA antibodies targeting tumour-associated antigens. In tumours without mature TLS, B cells are either scarce or differentiate into regulatory cells that produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Indeed, different tumours vary considerably in their TLS and B cell content. Notably, tumours with mature TLS, a high density of B cells and plasma cells, as well as the presence of antibodies to tumour-associated antigens are typically associated with favourable clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy compared with those lacking these characteristics. However, polyclonal B cell activation can also result in the formation of immune complexes that trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils. In complement-rich tumours, IgG antibodies can also activate the complement cascade, resulting in the production of anaphylatoxins that sustain tumour-promoting inflammation and angiogenesis. Herein, we review the phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumoural B cells and the importance of TLS in their generation as well as the potential of B cells and TLS as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches that are being explored with the aim of increasing mature TLS formation, B cell differentiation and anti-tumour antibody production within tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf H Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, Institute Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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16
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Fridman WH, Petitprez F, Meylan M, Chen TWW, Sun CM, Roumenina LT, Sautès-Fridman C. B cells and cancer: To B or not to B? J Exp Med 2021; 218:211614. [PMID: 33601413 PMCID: PMC7754675 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas T cells have been considered the major immune cells of the tumor microenvironment able to induce tumor regression and control cancer clinical outcome, a burst of recent publications pointed to the fact that B cells may also play a prominent role. Activated in germinal centers of tertiary lymphoid structures, B cells can directly present tumor-associated antigens to T cells or produce antibodies that increase antigen presentation to T cells or kill tumor cells, resulting in a beneficial clinical impact. Immune complexes can also increase inflammation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression via macrophage and complement activation, resulting in deleterious impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Herman Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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17
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Li R, Berglund A, Zemp L, Dhillon J, Putney R, Kim Y, Jain RK, Grass GD, Conejo-Garcia J, Mulé JJ. The 12-CK Score: Global Measurement of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694079. [PMID: 34267760 PMCID: PMC8276102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that the adaptive anti-tumor activity may be orchestrated by secondary lymphoid organ-like aggregates residing in the tumor microenvironment. Known as tertiary lymphoid structures, these lymphoid aggregates serve as key outposts for lymphocyte recruitment, priming and activation. They have been linked to favorable outcomes in many tumor types, and more recently, have been shown to be effective predictors of response to immune checkpoint blockade. We have previously described a 12-chemokine (12-CK) transcriptional score which recapitulates an overwhelming enrichment for immune-related and inflammation-related genes in colorectal carcinoma. Subsequently, the 12-CK score was found to prognosticate favorable survival in multiple tumors types including melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. In the current study, we summarize the discovery and validation of the 12-CK score in various tumor types, its relationship to TLSs found within the tumor microenvironment, and explore its potential role as both a prognostic and predictive marker in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Li
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Logan Zemp
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Putney
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rohit K Jain
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - G Daniel Grass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - José Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James J Mulé
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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18
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Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:904-914. [PMID: 33629216 PMCID: PMC8213582 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent investigations have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is an important factor in tumor growth and development. While the prognostic correlation of tumor-infiltrating T cells has been widely studied in breast cancer, that of tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells has not received so much attention, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods We investigated 114 patients with TNBC who had surgery between 2006 and 2019 at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. Intratumoral (i) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within cancer cell nests and directly infiltrating tumor cells. Similarly, stromal (s) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within the tumor stroma, but not directly infiltrating tumor cells. CD20 + , CD38 + and CD138 + staining was determined by estimating the number of positive B cells. Results sCD20 + TILs had prognostic significance for relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.043) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.027). The sCD38 + TILs were significantly related to favorable RFS (p = 0.042). iCD38, iCD138, and sCD138 was not significantly correlated with RFS (p = 0.065, p = 0.719, p = 0.074) or OS (p = 0.071, p = 0.689, p = 0.082). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that a high density of sCD20 + TILs was significantly related to favorable prognosis in both RFS and OS. Increased sCD38 + TILs in TNBC were correlated with a significantly favorable prognosis in RFS. These results indicate that TILs–B may have a profound influence on the clinical outcome of TNBC.
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19
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Present Status, Limitations and Future Directions of Treatment Strategies Using Fucoidan-Based Therapies in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123776. [PMID: 33333858 PMCID: PMC7765304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological cancer, with poor prognosis for advanced/metastatic stages. Various intensive treatments, including radical cystectomy, chemotherapy, immune therapy, and radiotherapy are commonly used for these patients. However, these treatments often cause complications and adverse events. Therefore, researchers are exploring the efficacy of natural product-based treatment strategies in BC patients. Fucoidan, derived from marine brown algae, is recognized as a multi-functional and safe substrate, and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various types of malignancies. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the protective effects of fucoidan against cancer-related cachexia and chemotherapeutic agent-induced adverse events. In this review, we have introduced the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan extracts in BC and highlighted its molecular mechanisms. We have also shown the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and new treatment strategies using fucoidan-based nanoparticles in various malignancies. Moreover, apart from the improvement of anti-cancer effects by fucoidan, its protective effects against cancer-related disorders and cisplatin-induced toxicities have been introduced. However, the available information is insufficient to conclude the clinical usefulness of fucoidan-based treatments in BC patients. Therefore, we have indicated the aspects that need to be considered regarding fucoidan-based treatments and future directions for the treatment of BC.
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20
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Li J, Cao Z, Mi L, Xu Z, Wu X. Complement sC5b-9 and CH50 increase the risk of cancer-related mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:7157-7165. [PMID: 33193878 PMCID: PMC7646172 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Immunologic dysfunction occurred in most of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which worsened the overall survival (OS) of patients. Complement activation plays a significant role in abnormal activation of immune system. However, the prognostic value of complement components such as CH50 and sC5b-9 in NSCLC patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the risk factors of NSCLC and created a prediction model. Methods: A real-world study was conducted including data from 928 patients with NSCLC between April 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015. CH50 and sC5b-9 were recorded during the admission. Cox proportional hazard model was applied for survival analyses and for assessing risk factors of cancer-related mortality and to create a nomogram for prediction. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by C-index and calibration curve. Results: In this study, the mortality in group with high CH50 level (≥ 480.56 umol/L) was 92.0%. Based on univariate analysis, we put factors (P <0.05) into a multivariate regression model, patients with high CH50 level (P <0.001, HR=1.59) and sC5b-9 >1422.18 μmol/L (P <0.001, HR=2.28) remained statistically factors for worsened OS and regarded as independent risk factors. These independently associated risk factors were applied to establish an OS estimation nomogram. Nomogram revealed good accuracy in estimating the risk, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.741. Conclusion: sC5b-9 and CH50 increased the risk of cancer-related mortality in patients with NSCLC. Nomogram based on multivariate analysis demonstrated good accuracy in estimating the risk of overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, The Affiliated Dushu Lake Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Department of Urology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Mi
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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21
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Complement System: Promoter or Suppressor of Cancer Progression? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040057. [PMID: 33113844 PMCID: PMC7709131 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constituent of innate immunity, complement is present in the tumor microenvironment. The functions of complement include clearance of pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis, and as such could contribute to an anti-tumoral role in the context of certain cancers. However, multiple lines of evidence show that in many cancers, complement has pro-tumoral actions. The large number of complement molecules (over 30), the diversity of their functions (related or not to the complement cascade), and the variety of cancer types make the complement-cancer topic a very complex matter that has just started to be unraveled. With this review we highlight the context-dependent role of complement in cancer. Recent studies revealed that depending of the cancer type, complement can be pro or anti-tumoral and, even for the same type of cancer, different models presented opposite effects. We aim to clarify the current knowledge of the role of complement in human cancers and the insights from mouse models. Using our classification of human cancers based on the prognostic impact of the overexpression of complement genes, we emphasize the strong potential for therapeutic targeting the complement system in selected subgroups of cancer patients.
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22
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Lin J, Yang J, Xu X, Wang Y, Yu M, Zhu Y. A robust 11-genes prognostic model can predict overall survival in bladder cancer patients based on five cohorts. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:402. [PMID: 32843852 PMCID: PMC7441568 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer globally, but existing biomarkers and prognostic models are limited. Method In this study, we used four bladder cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to perform univariate Cox regression analysis to identify common prognostic genes. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to construct a prognostic Cox model. Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and univariate/multivariate Cox analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic model. Finally, a co-expression network, CIBERSORT, and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to explore the mechanism related to the model. Results A total of 11 genes were identified from the four cohorts to construct the prognostic model, including eight risk genes (SERPINE2, PRR11, DSEL, DNM1, COMP, ELOVL4, RTKN, and MAPK12) and three protective genes (FABP6, C16orf74, and TNK1). The 11-genes model could stratify the risk of patients in all five cohorts, and the prognosis was worse in the group with a high-risk score. The area under the curve values of the five cohorts in the first year are all greater than 0.65. Furthermore, this model's predictive ability is stronger than that of age, gender, grade, and T stage. Through the weighted co-expression network analysis, the gene module related to the model was found, and the key genes in this module were mainly enriched in the tumor microenvironment. B cell memory showed low infiltration in high-risk patients. Furthermore, in the case of low B cell memory infiltration and high-risk score, the prognosis of the patients was the worst. Conclusion The proposed 11-genes model is a promising biomarker for estimating overall survival in bladder cancer. This model can be used to stratify the risk of bladder cancer patients, which is beneficial to the realization of individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Transgenic Animal, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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Ke C, Hou H, Li J, Su K, Huang C, Lin Y, Lu Z, Du Z, Tan W, Yuan Z. Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of TRAIL Eradicates Resistant Tumor Growth in Combination with CDK Inhibition by Dinaciclib. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051157. [PMID: 32375399 PMCID: PMC7281120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent that rapidly induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) has been hampered by its common cancer resistance. Naturally TRAIL is delivered as a membrane-bound form by extracellular vesicles (EV-T) and is highly efficient for apoptosis induction. SCH727965 (dinaciclib), a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, was shown to synergize with other drugs to get better efficacy. However, it has never been investigated if dinaciclib coordinates with EV-T to enhance therapeutic results. This study explores the potential of combination therapy with EV-T and dinaciclib for cancer treatment. EV-T was successfully derived from human TRAIL transduced cells and shown to partially overcome resistance of A549 cells. Dinaciclib was shown to drastically enhance EV-T killing effects on cancer lines that express good levels of death receptor (DR) 5, which are associated with suppression of CDK1, CDK9 and anti-apoptotic proteins. Combination therapy with low doses of EV-T and dinaciclib induced strikingly enhanced apoptosis and led to complete regression in A549 tumors without any adverse side effects observed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Tumor infiltration of mass NK cells and macrophages was also observed. These observations thus indicate that the combination of EV-T with dinaciclib is a potential novel therapy for highly effective and safe cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Ke
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Huan Hou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Industrial Design and Ceramic Art of Foshan University, Foshan 528000 China;
| | - Kui Su
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Chaohong Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Zhiyun Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China; (C.K.); (H.H.); (K.S.); (C.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (W.T.)
- Correspondence:
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