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Qiu X, Veiga S, Lorenzo A, Kibele A, Navarro E. Differences in the key parameters of the individual versus relay swimming starts. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:598-610. [PMID: 33726621 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1878262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was twofold: (i) to compare the kinematic characteristics of individual and relay swimming starts; and (ii) to relate the kinematic variables to 5 m performance for both starts. Twelve elite-level swimmers performed 2 × 25 m at maximal effort (one with an individual and one with a relay start randomly). Two-dimensional direct linear transformation algorithms were used to calculate swimmers' centre of mass (CM) kinematics during each subphase. The results indicated moderate to much faster 5 m, 10 m 15 and 15 m times (29.4, 10.7 and 6.5%) for relay than individual starts as well as the differences at specific parameters, but no differences in take-off horizontal velocity between start techniques. Large correlations to performance times were found in block time, horizontal take-off velocity, take-off velocity and entry angle (r = 0.77 to 0.83) 20 for individual start, but in changeover time, take-off height and entry distance (r = 0.69 to 0.90) for relay start. Differences on swim start regulations between individual and relay events were in line with different key parameters related to start performances in each event. This should be considered by swimmers and coaches when addressing the starting improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qiu
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Santiago Veiga
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lorenzo
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armin Kibele
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Relationship of Vertical Jump Performance and Ankle Joint Range of Motion: Effect of Knee Joint Angle and Handedness in Young Adult Handball Players. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060086. [PMID: 35736826 PMCID: PMC9228190 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of the ankle joint range of motion (ROM) on the vertical jump (VJ) performance of adult handball players. The active (ACT) and passive (PAS) ankle joint ROM of 12 male members of the U21 National Handball Team with the knee joint at 0°, 40°, and 90° flexion (0° = fully extended knee) was evaluated using a video analysis measuring method. Participants also performed maximum VJ with (CMJ) and without (SQJ) countermovement, as well as with (AS) and without (NAS) an arm swing. Statistical analyses included 2 × 2 × 3 MANOVA, 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. Results reveal that PAS-ROM was larger (p < 0.05) in all knee joint flexion angles. ROM was smaller (p < 0.05) by approximately 10° at 0° compared to 90° knee flexion. No lateral effects on ROM due to the handedness of the players were observed. AS and CM resulted in increased jump height (p < 0.05). Finally, ACT-ROM when the knee joint was flexed at 40° was highly correlated (r ≥ 0.66, p < 0.05) with VJ performance except for CMJ-AS. In conclusion, the differences in the bi-articular gastrocnemius muscle flexibility due to the alteration of the angular position of the examined joints affected the ability to generate impulse during the VJ tests.
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Panoutsakopoulos V, Kotzamanidou MC, Papaiakovou G, Kollias IA. The Ankle Joint Range of Motion and Its Effect on Squat Jump Performance with and without Arm Swing in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6010014. [PMID: 33546291 PMCID: PMC7931004 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A flexible ankle joint is suggested to be a contributing factor for vertical squat jump (SQJ) performance. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the active (ACT) and passive (PAS) ankle joint range of motion (ROM) on SQJ performed by adolescent female volleyball players. ACT and PAS ankle ROM at knee extension angles of 90, 140, and 180 degrees (180 degrees: full extension) were measured with a video analysis method for 35 female post-pubertal volleyball players (16.3 ± 1.1 yrs, 1.80 ± 0.04 m, 68.8 ± 6.8 kg). Additionally, the players fulfilling previously recommended criteria were assigned to the flexible (n = 10) and inflexible (n = 8) groups and executed SQJ with and without an arm swing on a force-plate. Results of the 2 × 2 × 3 MANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) flexibility type and knee angle effect, as ankle ROM was larger in PAS compared to ACT and as the knee joint progressed from 90 to 180 degrees extension. The 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) group effect, as flexible players jumped higher in the arm swing SQJ, along with a significant arm swing effect on key SQJ kinetic parameters. In conclusion, a more flexible ankle joint result in improved SQJ performance. Therefore, ankle flexibility training should be implemented in youth volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.P.); (I.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana C. Kotzamanidou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, 54624 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Papaiakovou
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.P.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Iraklis A. Kollias
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.P.); (I.A.K.)
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Maciejewski H, Rahmani A, Chorin F, Lardy J, Samozino P, Ratel S. Methodological Considerations on the Relationship Between the 1,500-m Rowing Ergometer Performance and Vertical Jump in National-Level Adolescent Rowers. J Strength Cond Res 2018. [PMID: 29533359 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maciejewski, H, Rahmani, A, Chorin, F, Lardy, J, Samozino, P, and Ratel, S. Methodological considerations on the relationship between the 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance and vertical jump in national-level adolescent rowers. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3000-3007, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3 different approaches for evaluating squat jump performance were correlated with rowing ergometer performance in elite adolescent rowers. Fourteen young male competitive rowers (15.3 ± 0.6 years), who took part in the French rowing national championships, performed a 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance (P1500) and a squat jump (SJ) test. The performance in SJ was determined by calculating the jump height (HSJ in cm), a jump index (ISJ = HSJ·body mass·gravity, in J), and the mean power output (PSJ in W) from the Samozino et al.'s method. Furthermore, allometric modeling procedures were used to consider the importance of body mass (BM) in the relationships between P1500 and jump scores. P1500 was significantly correlated with HSJ (r = 0.29, p ≤ 0.05), ISJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001), and PSJ (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, BM explained at least 96% of the relationships between SJ and rowing performances. However, the similarity between both allometric exponents for PSJ and P1500 (1.15 and 1.04, respectively) indicates that BM could influence jump and rowing ergometer performances at the same rate, and that PSJ could be the best correlate of P1500. Therefore, the calculation of power seems to be more relevant than HSJ and ISJ to (a) evaluate jump performance and (b) infer the capacity of adolescent rowers to perform 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance, irrespective of their body mass. This could help coaches to improve their training program and potentially identify talented young rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Maciejewski
- French Rowing Federation, Nogent-sur-Marne, France.,Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Savoie Mont Blanc University, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Abderrahmane Rahmani
- Laboratory of "Motricity, Interactions, Performance," Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratory of "Motricity, Interactions, Performance," Le Mans University, Le Mans, France.,Center for Innovation and Uses in Health, Nice, France
| | - Julien Lardy
- Laboratory of "Motricity, Interactions, Performance," Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Savoie Mont Blanc University, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations During Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Mosier EM, Fry AC, Lane MT. Kinetic Contributions of The Upper Limbs During Counter-Movement Verical Jumps With and Without Arm Swing. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 33:2066-2073. [PMID: 29084090 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mosier, EM, Fry, AC, and Lane, MT. Kinetic contributions of the upper limbs during countermovement. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2066-2073, 2019-This study examined the kinetic contributions of the upper extremities during countermovement vertical jumps (CMVJs) while using arm swing (AS) or no arm swing (NAS) conditions. Fourteen healthy men ((Equation is included in full-text article.)± SD; age = 24.1 ± 3.9 years) volunteered for this investigation. Subjects performed in random order a total of 6 jumps consisting of 3 AS and 3 NAS CMVJs. A motion capture system was used to analyze the kinetic data. Paired samples t-tests were used to examine the subjects' mean differences in the AS and NAS CMVJ trials (p<0.05). Results for all subjects were determined for each jump subjects were determined for each jump performed, with statistical analyses performed on mean values for all 3 jumps per subject. The AS significantly increased the vertical jump height (VJH) by an average of 0.07 ± 0.03 m (3.0 ± 1.3 inches). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans determined that the upper limbs were 12.0% of the total body mass. Movement of the upper limbs during the AS CMVJ produced 32.2 ± 7.0% of the total mean ground reaction force (GRF), and 11.3 ± 2.2% during the NAS CMVJ. The enhancement of performance when jumping using an AS resulted in a 13.6% increase in VJH. The contribution of the upper limbs during the AS CMVJ averaged 31.5% of the peak GRF, which occurred immediately before takeoff. The upper extremities can greatly influence vertical jump performances and the accompanying kinetics. When analyzing jump GRFs, one must be aware of how much the upper limbs contribute to these forces. In addition, proper AS mechanics must be emphasized when instructing correct jump technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Mosier
- Osness Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Osness Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael T Lane
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky
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Argaud S, Pairot de Fontenay B, Blache Y, Monteil K. Explosive movement in the older men: analysis and comparative study of vertical jump. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:985-992. [PMID: 27844453 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of power has been demonstrated to have severe functional consequences to perform physical daily living tasks in old age. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess how moment and velocity were affected for each joint of the lower limbs during squat jumping for older men in comparison with young adults. METHODS Twenty-one healthy older men (74.5 ± 4.6 years) and 22 young men (21.8 ± 2.8 years) performed maximal squat jumps. Inverse dynamics procedure was used to compute the net joint power, moment and velocity produced at the hip, knee and ankle joints. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vertical jump height of the elderly was 64 % lower than the young adults. The maximal power of the body mass center (P maxbmc ) was 57 % lower in the older population. For the instant at P maxbmc , the vertical ground reaction force and the vertical velocity of the body mass center were 26 % and 35 % less in the older adults than in the young adults, respectively (p < 0.05; ES = -1.64 for vertical ground reaction force; p < 0.05; ES = -1.10). A lower value of the hip (-60 %), knee (-72 %) and ankle (-68 %) joint powers was observed in older adults. This was explained by both lower values of joint moments (-64, -57 and -61 % for the hip, knee and ankle, respectively) and angular velocities (-59, -49 and -52 % for the hip, knee and ankle, respectively). CONCLUSION This study showed a lower joint power when performing vertical jump. This smaller power resulted from both a lower moment and angular velocity produced at each joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Argaud
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Yoann Blache
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Monteil
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
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Giatsis G, Panoutsakopoulos V, Kollias IA. Biomechanical differences of arm swing countermovement jumps on sand and rigid surface performed by elite beach volleyball players. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:997-1008. [PMID: 28673119 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1348614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible arm swing effect on the biomechanical parameters of vertical counter movement jump due to differences of the compliance of the take-off surface. Fifteen elite male beach-volleyball players (26.2 ± 5.9 years; 1.87 ± 0.05 m; 83.4 ± 6.0 kg; mean ± standard deviation, respectively) performed counter movement jumps on sand and on a rigid surface with and without an arm swing. Results showed significant (p < .05) surface effects on the jump height, the ankle joint angle at the lowest height of the body center of mass and the ankle angular velocity. Also, significant arm swing effects were found on jump height, maximum power output, temporal parameters, range of motion and angular velocity of the hip. These findings could be attributed to the instability of the sand, which resulted in reduced peak power output due to the differences of body configuration at the lowest body position and lower limb joints' range of motion. The combined effect of the backward arm swing and the recoil of the sand that resulted in decreased resistance at ankle plantar flexion should be controlled at the preparation of selected jumping tasks in beach-volleyball.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Giatsis
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Iraklis A Kollias
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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McErlain-Naylor S, King M, Pain MTG. Determinants of countermovement jump performance: a kinetic and kinematic analysis. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:1805-12. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.924055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bley AS, Correa JCF, Reis ACD, Rabelo NDDA, Marchetti PH, Lucareli PRG. Propulsion phase of the single leg triple hop test in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a biomechanical study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97606. [PMID: 24830289 PMCID: PMC4022617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetry in the alignment of the lower limbs during weight-bearing activities is associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), caused by an increase in patellofemoral (PF) joint stress. High neuromuscular demands are placed on the lower limb during the propulsion phase of the single leg triple hop test (SLTHT), which may influence biomechanical behavior. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to compare kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity in the trunk and lower limb during propulsion in the SLTHT using women with PFPS and pain free controls. The following measurements were made using 20 women with PFPS and 20 controls during propulsion in the SLTHT: kinematics of the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee; kinetics of the hip, knee and ankle; and muscle activation of the gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GMed), biceps femoris (BF) and vastus lateralis (VL). Differences between groups were calculated using three separate sets of multivariate analysis of variance for kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic data. Women with PFPS exhibited ipsilateral trunk lean; greater trunk flexion; greater contralateral pelvic drop; greater hip adduction and internal rotation; greater ankle pronation; greater internal hip abductor and ankle supinator moments; lower internal hip, knee and ankle extensor moments; and greater GM, GMed, BL, and VL muscle activity. The results of the present study are related to abnormal movement patterns in women with PFPS. We speculated that these findings constitute strategies to control a deficient dynamic alignment of the trunk and lower limb and to avoid PF pain. However, the greater BF and VL activity and the extensor pattern found for the hip, knee, and ankle of women with PFPS may contribute to increased PF stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Serra Bley
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Ferrari Correa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amir Curcio Dos Reis
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayra Deise Dos Anjos Rabelo
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Marchetti
- Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Science, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education (YMCA), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Garcia Lucareli
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Blache Y, Monteil K. Influence of lumbar spine extension on vertical jump height during maximal squat jumping. J Sports Sci 2013; 32:642-51. [PMID: 24102076 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.845680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lumbar spine extension and erector spinae muscle activation on vertical jump height during maximal squat jumping. Eight male athletes performed maximal squat jumps. Electromyograms of the erector spinae were recorded during these jumps. A simulation model of the musculoskeletal system was used to simulate maximal squat jumping with and without spine extension. The effect on vertical jump height of changing erector spinae strength was also tested through the simulated jumps. Concerning the participant jumps, the kinematics indicated a spine extension and erector spinae activation. Concerning the simulated jumps, vertical jump height was about 5.4 cm lower during squat jump without trunk extension compared to squat jump. These results were explained by greater total muscle work during squat jump, more especially by the erector spinae work (+119.5 J). The erector spinae may contribute to spine extension during maximal squat jumping. The simulated jumps confirmed this hypothesis showing that vertical jumping was decreased if this muscle was not taken into consideration in the model. Therefore it is concluded that the erector spinae should be considered as a trunk extensor, which enables to enhance total muscle work and consequently vertical jump height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Blache
- a Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur le sport, Université Claude Bernard , Lyon , France
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