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Dietzmann M, Radke D, Markus MR, Wiese M, Völzke H, Felix SB, Dörr M, Bahls M, Ittermann T. Associations between 47 anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1079. [PMID: 38637778 PMCID: PMC11025281 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low relative fat free mass (FFM) is associated with a greater risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Unfortunately, FFM is currently not being measured regularly to allow for individuals therapy. OBJECTIVE One reason why FFM is not being used may be related to additional equipment and resources, thus we aimed to identify easily accessible anthropometric markers related with FFM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data of 1,593 individuals (784 women; 49.2%, age range 28-88 years) enrolled in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND 1). Forty-seven anthropometric markers were derived from a 3D optical body-scanner. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FFMBIA) or air displacement plethysmography (FFMADP). In sex-stratified linear regression models, FFM was regressed on anthropometric measurements adjusted for body height and age. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the coefficient of determination (R2) derived from these regression models. RESULTS Circumferences of high hip, belly, middle hip, waist and high waist showed the strongest inverse associations with FFM. These relations were stronger in females than in males. Associations of anthropometric markers with FFMAPD were greater compared to FFMBIA. CONCLUSION Anthropometric measures were more strongly associated with FFMADP compared to FFMBIA. Anthropometric markers like circumferences of the high or middle hip, belly or waist may be appropriate surrogates for FFM to aid in individualized therapy. Given that the identified markers are representative of visceral adipose tissue, the connection between whole body strength as surrogate for FFM and fat mass should be explored in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Dietzmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello Rp Markus
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mats Wiese
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Yamada Y, Yoshida T, Murakami H, Gando Y, Kawakami R, Ohno H, Tanisawa K, Konishi K, Tripette J, Kondo E, Nakagata T, Nanri H, Miyachi M. Body Cell Mass to Fat-Free Mass Ratio and Extra- to Intracellular Water Ratio Are Related to Maximal Oxygen Uptake. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1778-1784. [PMID: 37262316 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-free mass (FFM) is a heterogeneous compartment comprising body cell mass (BCM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular solids, and extracellular water (ECW). The BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios vary among individuals and decrease with age. This study aimed to determine whether BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios are predictors of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇̇O2peak) independently of age, sex, and objectively measured physical activity (PA). A total of 115 Japanese males and females, aged 55.3 ± 8.0 years (mean ± standard deviation), were included in the study. Anthropometry, explosive leg muscle power, and V̇̇O2peak were measured, and BCM, FFM, ICW, and ECW were estimated. Step count and PA were objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Blood flow volume was assessed using ultrasonography. BCM and ICW were negatively correlated with age, whereas FFM and ECW were not significantly correlated with age. FFM, ICW/ECW, BCM/FFM, step counts, moderate and vigorous PA, and leg muscle power were positively correlated with V̇̇O2peak, even after adjusting for age and sex (p < .05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that either BCM/FFM or ECW/ICW, leg power, and objectively measured PA were associated with V̇̇O2peak independent of age, sex, and FFM. Blood flow volume was significantly correlated with ECW (p < .05), but not with BCM. The BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios were significant predictors of V̇̇O2peak, independent of age, sex, FFM, leg power, and objectively measured PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Gando
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Science, Surugadai University, Hanno, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gumma, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gumma, Japan
| | - Julien Tripette
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Interdisciplinary AI and Data Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Kondo
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Lehto T, Zetterman T, Markkula R, Arokoski J, Tikkanen H, Kalso E, Peltonen JE. Cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference contribute to lower peak oxygen uptake in patients with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:541. [PMID: 37393269 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit low peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2peak). We aimed to detect the contribution of cardiac output to ([Formula: see text]) and arteriovenous oxygen difference [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] from rest to peak exercise in patients with FM. METHODS Thirty-five women with FM, aged 23 to 65 years, and 23 healthy controls performed a step incremental cycle ergometer test until volitional fatigue. Alveolar gas exchange and pulmonary ventilation were measured breath-by-breath and adjusted for fat-free body mass (FFM) where appropriate. [Formula: see text] (impedance cardiography) was monitored. [Formula: see text] was calculated using Fick's equation. Linear regression slopes for oxygen cost (∆[Formula: see text]O2/∆work rate) and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]O2 (∆[Formula: see text]/∆[Formula: see text]O2) were calculated. Normally distributed data were reported as mean ± SD and non-normal data as median [interquartile range]. RESULTS [Formula: see text]O2peak was lower in FM patients than in controls (22.2 ± 5.1 vs. 31.1 ± 7.9 mL∙min-1∙kg-1, P < 0.001; 35.7 ± 7.1 vs. 44.0 ± 8.6 mL∙min-1∙kg FFM-1, P < 0.001). [Formula: see text] and C(a-v)O2 were similar between groups at submaximal work rates, but peak [Formula: see text] (14.17 [13.34-16.03] vs. 16.06 [15.24-16.99] L∙min-1, P = 0.005) and C(a-v)O2 (11.6 ± 2.7 vs. 13.3 ± 3.1 mL O2∙100 mL blood-1, P = 0.031) were lower in the FM group. No significant group differences emerged in ∆[Formula: see text]O2/∆work rate (11.1 vs. 10.8 mL∙min-1∙W-1, P = 0.248) or ∆[Formula: see text]/∆[Formula: see text]O2 (6.58 vs. 5.75, P = 0.122) slopes. CONCLUSIONS Both [Formula: see text] and C(a-v)O2 contribute to lower [Formula: see text]O2peak in FM. The exercise responses were normal and not suggestive of a muscle metabolism pathology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03300635. Registered 3 October 2017-Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03300635 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Lehto
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Mäkelänkatu 47, Urhea-Hall, 00550, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teemu Zetterman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- City of Vantaa Health Centre, Vantaa, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Markkula
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tikkanen
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- SLEEPWELL Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha E Peltonen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Mäkelänkatu 47, Urhea-Hall, 00550, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Yue T, Li F, Zhou A, Zhou X, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Adaptations to 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training in healthy adults with different training backgrounds. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1283-1297. [PMID: 36795131 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the physical fitness and oxygen uptake kinetics ([Formula: see text]) along with the exercise-onset O2 delivery (heart rate kinetics, τHR; changes in normalized deoxyhemoglobin/[Formula: see text] ratio, Δ[HHb]/[Formula: see text]) adaptations of individuals with different physical activity (PA) backgrounds responding to 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and the possible effects of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on training-induced adaptations. METHODS Twenty subjects (10 high-PA level, HIIT-H; 10 moderate-PA level, HIIT-M) engaged in 4 weeks of treadmill HIIT. Ramp-incremental (RI) test and step-transitions to moderate-intensity exercise were performed. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscle oxygenation status, VO2 and HR kinetics were assessed at baseline and post-training. RESULTS HIIT improved fitness status for HIIT-H ([Formula: see text], + 0.26 ± 0.07 L/min; SMM, + 0.66 ± 0.70 kg; body fat, - 1.52 ± 1.93 kg; [Formula: see text], - 7.11 ± 1.05 s, p < 0.05) and HIIT-M ([Formula: see text], 0.24 ± 0.07 L/min, SMM, + 0.58 ± 0.61 kg; body fat, - 1.64 ± 1.37 kg; [Formula: see text], - 5.48 ± 1.05 s, p < 0.05) except for visceral fat area (p = 0.293) without between-group differences (p > 0.05). Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin amplitude during the RI test increased for both groups (p < 0.05) except for total hemoglobin (p = 0.179). The Δ[HHb]/[Formula: see text] overshoot was attenuated for both groups (p < 0.05) but only eliminated in HIIT-H (1.05 ± 0.14 to 0.92 ± 0.11), and no change was observed in τHR (p = 0.144). Linear mixed-effect models presented positive effects of SMM on absolute [Formula: see text] (p < 0.001) and ΔHHb (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Four weeks of HIIT promoted positive adaptations in physical fitness and [Formula: see text] kinetics, with the peripheral adaptations attributing to the observed improvements. The training effects are similar between groups suggesting that HIIT is effective for reaching higher physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuncan Xia
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengya Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibing Yao
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Body surface scan anthropometrics are related to cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22185. [PMID: 36564547 PMCID: PMC9789061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important tool for prognosis evaluation of cardiovascular events. The gold standard to measure CRF is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). However, CPET is not only time consuming but also expensive and is therefore not widely applicable in daily practice. The aim of our study was to analyze, whether and which anthropometric markers derived from a 3D body scanner were related to VO2peak in a general population-based study. We analyzed data (SHIP-START-3) from 3D body scanner and CPET of 1035 subjects (529 women; 51.1%, age range 36-93). A total of 164 anthropometric markers were detected with the 3D body scanner VITUS Smart XXL using the software AnthroScan Professional. Anthropometric measurements were standardized and associated with CRF by sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age and height. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the - log- p values derived from these regression models. In men a greater left and right thigh-knee-ratio, a longer forearm-fingertip length, a greater left thigh circumference and greater left upper arm circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. In women a greater left and right thigh circumference, left calf circumference, thigh thickness and right calf circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. The detected VO2peak-related anthropometric markers could be helpful in assessing CRF in clinical routine. Commonly used anthropometric markers, e.g. waist and hip circumference, were not among the markers associated with VO2peak.
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Matias CN, Campa F, Cerullo G, D’Antona G, Giro R, Faleiro J, Reis JF, Monteiro CP, Valamatos MJ, Teixeira FJ. Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis Discriminates Aerobic Power in Futsal Players: The Role of Body Composition. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040505. [PMID: 35453705 PMCID: PMC9025661 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to assess the ability of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in discriminating fitness levels in futsal players, exploring the association of body composition and bioelectrical parameters with aerobic power. Methods: Forty-eight professional futsal players (age 23.8 ± 5.3 years) were involved in a cross-sectional study during their pre-season phase. Fat mass (FM) and muscle mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VO2max was obtained by indirect calorimetry through a graded exercise test performed on a treadmill. Bioelectrical resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) were directly measured using a foot-to-hand bioimpedance technology at a 50 kHz frequency. Bioelectric R and Xc were standardized for the participants’ height and used to plot the bioimpedance vector in the R-Xc graph according to the BIVA approach. Results: The participants divided into groups of VO2max limited by tertiles showed significant differences in mean vector position in the R-Xc graph (p < 0.001), where a higher VO2max resulted in a longer vector and upper positioning. FM, muscle mass, and PhA differed (p < 0.01) among the athletes grouped by tertiles of VO2max, where athletes with a greater aerobic power showed a lower percentage of FM and a higher percentage of muscle mass and PhA. FM and PhA were associated with VO2max (FM: r = −0.658, p < 0.001; PhA: r = 0.493, p < 0.001). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age and body mass (FM: ß = −0.335, p = 0.046; PhA: ß = 0.351, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Bioelectrical impedance vectors positioned on the lower pole of the R-Xc graph identified futsal players with a lower VO2max, while longer vectors corresponded to a greater aerobic power. Additionally, PhA, that describes the vector direction, was positively associated with VO2max, while a higher FM negatively affected VO2max in the futsal players. BIVA and PhA evaluation may represent a valid support for screening the aerobic fitness level in professional futsal players, when more sophisticated assessment methods are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina N. Matias
- Bettery Life Lab, Innovation Direction, Bettery S.A., 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.N.M.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (F.J.T.)
- CIDEFES—Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, 27058 Voghera, Italy;
| | - Rita Giro
- Bettery Life Lab, Innovation Direction, Bettery S.A., 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.N.M.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (F.J.T.)
| | - João Faleiro
- Bettery Life Lab, Innovation Direction, Bettery S.A., 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.N.M.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (F.J.T.)
- AC Oulu Football Club, 90100 Oulu, Finland
| | - Joana F. Reis
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (J.F.R.); (C.P.M.); (M.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Cristina P. Monteiro
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (J.F.R.); (C.P.M.); (M.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Valamatos
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (J.F.R.); (C.P.M.); (M.J.V.)
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Teixeira
- Bettery Life Lab, Innovation Direction, Bettery S.A., 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.N.M.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (F.J.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-761 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (J.F.R.); (C.P.M.); (M.J.V.)
- Atlântica, Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
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7
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Zinterl I, Ittermann T, Schipf S, Gross S, Anspieler H, Kim S, Ewert R, Bülow R, Kühn JP, Lerch MM, Völzke H, Felix SB, Bahls M, Targher G, Dörr M, Markus MRP. Low cardiopulmonary fitness is associated with higher liver fat content and higher gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations in the general population - "The Sedentary's Liver". Liver Int 2022; 42:585-594. [PMID: 35020966 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and liver fat content (LFC) in the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated data from 2151 adults (51.1% women) from two population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analysed the cross-sectional associations of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) with LFC, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, as well as serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminotransferase concentrations by multivariable regression models. RESULTS We observed significant inverse associations of VO2peak with LFC and serum GGT, but not with serum aminotransferase levels. Specifically, a 1 L/min lower VO2peak was associated with a 1.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.73; P = .002) higher LFC and a 0.18 μkatal/L (95% CI: 0.09-0.26; P < .001) higher GGT levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of prevalent hepatic steatosis (HS) by a 1 L/min decrease in VO2peak was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22-2.13; P = .001). Compared to subjects with high VO2peak , obese and overweight individuals with low VO2peak had 1.78% (95% CI: 0.32-3.25; P = .017) and 0.94% (95% CI: 0.15-1.74; P = .021) higher mean LFC, respectively. Compared to those with high VO2peak , low VO2peak was independently associated with a higher risk of prevalent HS in the obese (adjusted-OR 2.29, 95% CI=1.48-3.56; P < .001) and overweight (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI=1.16-2.14; P = .04) groups. CONCLUSIONS Lower VO2peak was significantly associated with greater LFC and higher serum GGT levels in a population-based cohort of adult individuals. Our results suggest that low VO2peak might be a risk factor for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zinterl
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henryke Anspieler
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simon Kim
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus University, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Markus MRP, Ittermann T, Drzyzga CJ, Bahls M, Schipf S, Siewert-Markus U, Baumeister SE, Schumacher P, Ewert R, Völzke H, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Bülow R, Schunkert H, Vasan RS, Felix SB, Dörr M. Cardiac MRI shows an association of lower cardiorespiratory fitness with decreased myocardial mass and higher cardiac stiffness in the general population - The Sedentary's Heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 68:25-35. [PMID: 34537204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart has the capacity to adapt to different demands. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved with sedentarism are not fundamentally the opposite of those related with physical activity and regular exercise. We investigated the impact of lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on heart's plasticity and function in a population-based setting. METHODS We used data from 1165 participants (539 women; 46.3%) aged 21-81 years from two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analyzed the cross-sectional associations of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), determined by symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing, with structural and functional left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) parameters determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using multivariable- adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS A 1 L/min lower VO2peak was associated with a 10.5 g (95% confidence interval: 8.00 to 12.9; p < 0.001) lower LV mass, a 14.8 mL (10.9 to 18.6; p < 0.001) lower LV end-diastolic volume, a 0.29 mm (0.19 to 0.40; p < 0.001) lower LV wall-thickness, a 8.85 mL/beat (6.53 to 11.2; p < 0.001) lower LV stroke volume, a 0.42 L/min (0.25 to 0.60; p < 0.001) lower LV cardiac output and a 7.51 mL (3.88 to 11.1; p < 0.001) lower LA end-diastolic volume. Moreover, there were no associations with a concentric or eccentric remodeling and LV and LA ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS Lower CRF was associated with a smaller heart, LV wall-thickness and mass, LV and LA stroke volume and cardiac output. Conversely, there was no association with LA and LV ejection fraction. Our cross-sectional observations are consistent with cardiac adaptations reflecting reduced volume loading demands of a sedentary lifestyle - "the sedentary's heart".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Julia Drzyzga
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Siewert-Markus
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Edgar Baumeister
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München at UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Robin Bülow
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Gonzalo-Encabo P, McNeil J, Pérez-López A, Valadés D, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on adiposity markers in postmenopausal women: pooled analyses from two randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1298-1309. [PMID: 33727632 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Exercise may reduce the risk of breast cancer through adiposity changes, but the dose-response effects of exercise volume on adiposity markers are unknown in postmenopausal women. We aimed to compare the dose-response effects of prescribed aerobic exercise volume on adiposity outcomes. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Data from the Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) and Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA) were pooled for this analysis (N = 720). These were 12-month randomized controlled trials, where participants were randomized to 225 min/week (mid-volume) of aerobic exercise versus usual inactive lifestyle (ALPHA), or 150 min/week (low-volume) versus 300 min/week (high-volume) (BETA). Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured using DXA and intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat area were assessed with computed tomography. RESULTS After 12 months of aerobic exercise, increasing exercise volumes from no exercise/control to 300 min/week resulted in statistically significant reductions in BMI, weight, fat mass, fat percentage, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat area (P < 0.001). Compared with controls, fat mass loss was -1.13, -1.98 and -2.09 kg in the low-, mid- and high-volume groups, respectively. Similarly, weight loss was -1.47, -1.83, -2.21 kg in the low-, mid- and high-volume groups, respectively, compared to controls, and intra-abdominal fat area loss was -7.44, -15.56 and -8.76 cm2 in the low-, mid- and high-volume groups, respectively, compared to controls. No evidence for a dose-response effect on fat-free mass was noted. CONCLUSION A dose-response effect of exercise volume on adiposity markers was noted, however, the differences in adiposity markers were smaller when comparing 225 min/week to 300 min/week of exercise. Given the strong positive associations between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, this study provides evidence on the importance of exercise volume as part of the exercise prescription to reduce adiposity and, ultimately, postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education (GRIGEDE), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education (GRIGEDE), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Valadés
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education (GRIGEDE), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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10
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Katsimpris A, Jürgens C, Lüdtke L, Martin B, Ittermann T, Gläser S, Dörr M, Ewert R, Volaklis K, Felix SB, Tost F, Völzke H, Meisinger C, Baumeister SE. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and handgrip strength with age-related macular degeneration: a population-based study. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1127-1132. [PMID: 32859720 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength, two objective markers of physical fitness, are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (2008-2012) including 1173 adult men and women aged 20-79 years. Fundus photography of the central retina was recorded with a non-mydriatic camera, and images were graded according to an established clinical AMD classification scale by an experienced reader. CRF was measured using peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), and maximum power output (Wmax) from standardised cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer according to a modified Jones protocol. Handgrip strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the associations of peakVO2, VO2@AT, Wmax and handgrip strength with AMD were derived from multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS PeakVO2, VO2@AT, Wmax and handgrip strength were not associated with AMD. Adjusted PR for AMD associated with a 1-SD increment in peakVO2, VO2@AT, Wmax and handgrip strength were 1.05 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.34), 0.96 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.18), 1.10 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.41) and 1.01 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.30), respectively. These associations were not modified by age, sex, smoking, body mass index and diabetes. Estimates in sensitivity analysis for confounding, selection bias and missing data were similar. CONCLUSION In our study, CRF and handgrip strength were not associated with AMD. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies with bigger sample sizes are needed to furtherly examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Katsimpris
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Jürgens
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lisa Lüdtke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bahls Martin
- Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Greifswald University Hospital Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Gläser
- Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Greifswald University Hospital Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Greifswald University Hospital Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Greifswald University Hospital Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Volaklis
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Greifswald University Hospital Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Tost
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Baumeister
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Langer RD, da Costa KG, Bortolotti H, Fernandes GA, de Jesus RS, Gonçalves EM. Phase angle is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children aged between 9 and 11 years. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in the evaluation of body composition in athletes. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:447-454. [PMID: 30850270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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MARTÍNEZ-SÁNCHEZ SM, MARTÍNEZ-GARCÍA TE, MUNGUÍA-IZQUIERDO D. Physical fitness and nutritional status in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. REV NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202033e190154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to determine whether physical fitness is related to nutritional status in a sample of female adolescents with anorexia nervosa, to contrast the nourished and undernourished patients, and to compare the physical fitness in these patients with normative data of healthy subjects stratified by age and gender. Methods Nutritional status was determined using the body mass index Z-score, fat mass, fat-free mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), and the Controlling Nutritional Status score in 15 anorexic adolescents with 14.3±1.6 years. Physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA-Fitness Battery (handgrip strength, standing broad jump, 4x10m shuttle run, and 20m shuttle run tests). Results Handgrip strength was significantly associated with all variables of nutritional status, except with the three blood components of the Controlling Nutritional Status score. The undernourished anorexic patients showed significantly worse physical fitness than the nourished anorexic patients in all tests, except in the standing broad jump and the 4x10m shuttle run tests. The physical fitness tests of the female anorexic adolescents showed scores significantly worse than those of the normative European female adolescent population. Conclusion The observation of female adolescents with anorexia nervosa showed associations between higher physical fitness levels and better nutritional statuses. Handgrip strength and 20m shuttle run tests may be options of additional indicators of undernutrition in anorexic female adolescents. The undernourished anorexic patients showed worse physical fitness than the nourished ones. According to normative data for healthy sex- and agematched adolescents, physical fitness is severely impaired in anorexic female adolescents.
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14
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Markus MRP, Rospleszcz S, Ittermann T, Baumeister SE, Schipf S, Siewert-Markus U, Lorbeer R, Storz C, Ptushkina V, Peters A, Meisinger C, Bamberg F, Nauck M, Bahls M, Völzke H, Felix SB, Bülow R, Rathmann W, Dörr M. Glucose and insulin levels are associated with arterial stiffness and concentric remodeling of the heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:145. [PMID: 31684945 PMCID: PMC6829934 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality attributable to heart failure remains high. The prevalence of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus ranges from 19 to 26%. It is estimated that up to 21.1 million adults in the United States have diagnosed diabetes mellitus and around 80.8 million have impaired fasting glucose. We investigated the associations of fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and 2-h postload glucose (2HG) and insulin (2HI) with parameters of left ventricular geometry and function and arterial stiffness determined by magnetic resonance imaging in individuals without diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of 1001 individuals (453 women, 45.3%), aged 21 to 80 years, from two independent population-based studies, the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0) and KORA FF4 Study. FG, FI, HOMA-IR, 2HG and 2HI, as well as glucose tolerance categories, were analyzed for associations with heart and arterial parameters using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 390 individuals (39%) had prediabetes (isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated glucose tolerance or both), and 49 (4.9%) were found to have unknown type 2 diabetes. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, positive linear associations of FG, FI, HOMA-IR, 2HG and 2HI with arterial stiffness index and left ventricular wall-thickness and concentricity and inverse linear associations with left ventricular end-diastolic volume were observed. A 1 mmol/l higher FG was associated with a 1.18 ml/m2.7 (1.80 to 0.57; p < 0.001) lower left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, a 0.042 mm/m2.7 (0.014 to 0.070) higher left ventricular wall-thickness index, a 0.12 mmHg m2.7/ml (0.06 to 0.17; p < 0.001) greater arterial stiffness index and a 0.037 g/ml (0.018 to 0.056; p < 0.001) higher left ventricular concentricity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher glucose levels in the prediabetic range and insulin resistance might lead to higher arterial stiffness and concentric remodeling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Edgar Baumeister
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München at UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Siewert-Markus
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roberto Lorbeer
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Storz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Violetta Ptushkina
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München at UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Brockman NK, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Riddell MC, Perkins BA, Yardley JE. Sex-Related Differences in Blood Glucose Responses to Resistance Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Secondary Data Analysis. Can J Diabetes 2019; 44:267-273.e1. [PMID: 31623995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In adults with type 1 diabetes, resistance exercise (RE) is associated with more stable blood glucose (BG) levels than aerobic exercise, both during and after exercise. In individuals without diabetes, growth hormone and epinephrine responses to RE differ between the sexes. These hormones are known to affect BG levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. In this study, we explored whether sex-related differences may exist in BG responses to RE in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from 2 studies with identical RE protocols for individuals with type 1 diabetes (13 males, age range 16 to 63 years; 10 females, age range 19 to 45 years). The RE session consisted of 7 resistance-based exercises performed at 5 pm. Plasma glucose samples were collected before, immediately after and 1 h after exercise. Interstitial glucose levels were recorded through blinded continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during and 24 h after exercise. RESULTS There was a significant sex-by-time interaction (p<0.001) in plasma glucose responses to RE. Plasma glucose decreased significantly in males from 8.6±2.5 to 6.3±2.1 mmol/L (p<0.001) during exercise, whereas females experienced no significant change (7.2±1.3 to 7.3±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.999). In the 6 h after RE, males developed significantly more hypoglycemia, as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Males may have a greater risk of hypoglycemia with an acute bout of RE than females. Further research is needed to examine this phenomenon more closely, as sex-specific recommendations for preventing hypoglycemia around RE may be necessary in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Diabetes Clinical Research Unit, Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada; Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Mylius CF, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, Takken T. Peak oxygen uptake reference values for cycle ergometry for the healthy Dutch population: data from the LowLands Fitness Registry. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00056-2018. [PMID: 30949491 PMCID: PMC6441675 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00056-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peak oxygen uptake (V′O2peak) is recognised as the best expression of aerobic fitness. Therefore, it is essential that V′O2peak reference values are accurate for interpreting a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). These values are country specific and influenced by underlying biological ageing processes. They are normally stratified per paediatric and adult population, resulting in a discontinuity at the transition point between prediction equations. There are currently no age-related reference values available for the lifespan of individuals in the Dutch population. The aim of this study is to determine the best-fitting regression model for V′O2peak in the healthy Dutch paediatric and adult populations in relation to age. In this retrospective study, CPET cycle ergometry results of 4477 subjects without reported somatic diseases were included (907 females, age 7.9–65.0 years). Generalised additive models were employed to determine the best-fitting regression model. Cross-validation was performed against an independent dataset consisting of 3518 subjects (170 females, age 6.8–59.0 years). An additive model was the best fitting with the largest predictive accuracy in both the primary (adjusted R2=0.57, standard error of the estimate (see)=556.50 mL·min−1) and cross-validation (adjusted R2=0.57, see=473.15 mL·min−1) dataset. This study provides a robust additive regression model for V′O2peak in the Dutch population. Peak oxygen uptake has a nonlinear dependence on years of age in the paediatric and adult Dutch populationshttp://ow.ly/H3fH30nIjRy
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Frederik Mylius
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise Primary Care Groningen (ECEZG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus Petrus Krijnen
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Peter van der Schans
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Health Psychology Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Taylor MK, Hernández LM, Schoenherr MR, Stump J. Genetic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Predictors of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Specialized Military Men. Mil Med 2019; 184:e474-e481. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a crucial performance requirement of specialized military occupations. Age and physical activity are established predictors of CRF, but it is not clear how these predictors combine with each other and/or with genetic predisposition. The goal of this study was to derive inclusive explanatory models of CRF in US Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) operators, synthesizing conventional (e.g., age, body composition, and physical activity) and novel influences (e.g., genetic variance).Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 40 male, active duty EOD operators completed a graded exercise test to assess maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory threshold (VT) using the Bruce protocol. Aerobic performance was further quantified via time of test termination and time at which VT was achieved. Body composition was determined via dual x-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity was assessed by self-report. Genetic variants underlying human stress systems (5HTTLPR, BclI, −2 C/G, and COMT) were assayed. Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize subject characteristics. Hypotheses were tested with linear regression models. Specifically, separate univariate regression models first determined associations between each of the independent and dependent variables. This protocol was approved by the Naval Health Research Center Institutional Review Board (NHRC.2015.0013).ResultsIn univariate regression models, age, body composition, physical activity, and 5HTTLPR consistently predicted CRF and/or aerobic performance (R2 range 0.07–0.55). Multivariate regression models routinely outperformed the univariate models, explaining 36–62% of variance.ConclusionThis study signifies a shift toward inclusive explanatory models of CRF and aerobic performance, accounting for combined roles of genetic, physiologic, and behavioral influences. Although we were able to quantify combined effects, we were unable to evaluate interaction effects (e.g., gene–gene, gene–behavior) due to limited statistical power. Other limitations are that this specialized military population may not readily generalize to broader populations, and the current sample was all male. Considering these limitations, we aim to replicate this study in various populations, both male and female. Despite its limitations, this study reflects a shift toward more comprehensive predictive models of CRF, explaining the unique and shared contributions of genetic predisposition, physiology, and behavior. These findings have implications for assessment, selection, and training of specialized military members, and may also impact mission success and survivability. Future studies are needed to better characterize additive, interactive, and mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Taylor
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
| | - Lisa M Hernández
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
| | - Matthew R Schoenherr
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeremiah Stump
- Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit One, NAS North Island, San Diego, CA
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Charmas M, Gromisz W. Effect of 12-Week Swimming Training on Body Composition in Young Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030346. [PMID: 30691153 PMCID: PMC6388213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Systematic physical activity can permanently prevent disadvantageous developments in the human body. This is very important especially for women, for whom the maintenance of a lean body in good shape is sometimes a primary consideration. However, in most cases, this activity is taken randomly and does not produce the desired effects such as reducing body fat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in female body composition induced by 12 weeks of swimming training compared to sedentary controls. Methods: Training sessions occurred three times per week (60 min/session). Height, body mass, and waist/hip circumference and waist/hips ratio (WHR) were measured. Body cell mass (BCM), total body water (TBW), extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW), fat mass (FM), lean mass (FFM), and muscle mass (MM) were measured using bioelectrical impedance (pre/post). Results: Training elicited decreases in hip circumference and increase in WHR. No changes were recorded in BCM, TBW, ECW, ICW, FM, FFM, and MM. Controls experienced decreases in values of BCM, ICW, and MM and increases in ECW. Conclusion: The applied swimming training did not significantly affect the body composition parameters. Inactivity also triggered a tendency toward unhealthy movement of water from the intracellular to extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Charmas
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 2 Akademicka Str., 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland.
| | - Wilhelm Gromisz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 2 Akademicka Str., 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland.
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Representative body composition percentiles from bioelectrical impedance analyses among children and adolescents. The MoMo study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2712-2720. [PMID: 30554799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With high prevalence of overweight and obesity in developed countries, the assessment of body composition in children and adolescents is of growing interest. The aim of this study was (i) to provide up-to-date population wide percentiles for meaningful diagnostic bioelectrical impedance outcome parameters and (ii) to specify reference values for these measures in a normal weight subpopulation. METHODS A representative nationwide sample of 4 to 24-year-old children and adolescents (n = 3593) was drawn out of 167 primary sample points across Germany from 2009 to 2012 (Motorik-Modul study wave 1). Fat free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), body cell mass index (BCMI) and phase angle (PA) were derived from four electrodes 50 kHz bioelectrical impedance analyses. Sex-specific percentiles were calculated using the LMS-method for the total study population and a normal weight subsample (defined according to the international BMI-standard by Cole). RESULTS Percentile curves for body composition parameters are similar between boys and girls until puberty. Subsequently, girls show a higher FMI than boys, and boys increase their FFM, BCM, and PA time-shifted, in that order. Differences in FMI between the overall and the normal weight sample increase with age, showing an age-dependent prevalence for overweight and obesity among the representative German sample. CONCLUSIONS Results from the normal weight sample can be used as reference values to define a healthy body composition. Differences in body composition between the representative German sample and the normal weight subsample reveal a high prevalence of elevated fat mass in the population of children and adolescents living in Germany.
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