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Herda TJ, Holmes EA, Cleary CJ, Minor KT, Thyfault JP, Shook RP, Herda AA. Motor unit firing rates increase in prepubescent youth following linear periodization resistance exercise training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05455-w. [PMID: 38634901 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to examine the effects of 8-weeks (3 days/week) of linear periodization resistance exercise training (RET) on neuromuscular function in prepubescent youth. METHODS Twenty-five healthy prepubescent youth (11 males, 14 females, age = 9.1 ± 0.8 years) completed the RET (n = 17) or served as controls (CON, n = 8). Isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and trapezoidal submaximal contractions at 35 and 60% MVC of the right leg extensors were performed with surface electromyography (EMG) recorded from the leg extensors [vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris, and vastus medialis] and flexors (biceps femoris and semitendinosus). EMG amplitude of the leg extensors and flexors were calculated during the MVCs. Motor unit (MU) action potential trains were decomposed from the surface EMG of the VL for the 35 and 60% MVCs. MU firing rates and action potential amplitudes were regressed against recruitment threshold with the y-intercepts and slopes calculated for each contraction. Total leg extensor muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was collected using ultrasound images. ANOVA models were used to examine potential differences. RESULTS Isometric strength increased post-RET (P = 0.006) with no changes in leg extensor and flexor EMG amplitude. Furthermore, there were no changes in total CSA or the MU action potential amplitude vs. recruitment threshold relationships. However, there were increases in the firing rates of the higher-threshold MUs post-RET as indicated with greater y-intercepts (P = 0.003) from the 60% MVC and less negative slope (P = 0.004) of the firing rates vs. recruitment threshold relationships at 35% MVC. CONCLUSIONS MU adaptations contribute to strength increases following RET in prepubescent youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent J Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 101BE, Lawrence, 66045, KS, USA.
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Holmes
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 101BE, Lawrence, 66045, KS, USA
| | - Christopher J Cleary
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas-Edwards Campus, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey T Minor
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 101BE, Lawrence, 66045, KS, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ashley A Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas-Edwards Campus, Overland Park, KS, USA
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Taylor MK, Burns JM, Choi IY, Herda TJ, Lee P, Smith AN, Sullivan DK, Swerdlow RH, Wilkins HM. Protocol for a single-arm, pilot trial of creatine monohydrate supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38414003 PMCID: PMC10898014 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired brain bioenergetics is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a compelling target for AD treatment. Patients with AD exhibit dysfunction in the brain creatine (Cr) system, which is integral in maintaining bioenergetic flux. Recent studies in AD mouse models suggest Cr supplementation improves brain mitochondrial function and may be protective of AD peptide pathology and cognition. AIMS The Creatine to Augment Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease (CABA) study is designed to primarily assess the feasibility of supplementation with 20 g/day of creatine monohydrate (CrM) in patients with cognitive impairment due to AD. Secondary aims are designed to generate preliminary data investigating changes in brain Cr levels, cognition, peripheral and brain mitochondrial function, and muscle strength and size. METHODS CABA is an 8-week, single-arm pilot study that will recruit 20 patients with cognitive impairment due to AD. Participants attend five in-person study visits: two visits at baseline to conduct screening and baseline assessments, a 4-week visit, and two 8-week visits. Outcomes assessment includes recruitment, retention, and compliance, cognitive testing, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites, platelet and lymphocyte mitochondrial function, and muscle strength and morphology at baseline and 8 weeks. DISCUSSION CABA is the first study to investigate CrM as a potential treatment in patients with AD. The pilot data generated by this study are pertinent to inform the design of future large-scale efficacy trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05383833 , registered on 20 May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Aaron N Smith
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Bush JA, Rial Rebullido T. May the Force Be with Youth: Foundational Strength for Lifelong Development. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:414-422. [PMID: 38055751 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Today's youth are weaker than previous generations, and measurable reductions in physical fitness are beginning to emerge. Without targeted initiatives that recognize the foundational importance of resistance training, weaker children and adolescents may be more likely to experience the inevitable consequences of neuromuscular dysfunction and less likely to experience the pleiotropic benefits of exercise and sport. Early exposure to strength-building activities is needed to prepare today's youth for ongoing participation in varied physical activities throughout this developmental phase of life. The novel iceberg of physical development is a metaphoric image that illustrates the sequential and cumulative influence of muscular strength on motor skills and physical abilities. Efforts to enhance the physical capacity of youth should include resistive skills that improve basic movement patterns and enhance motoric competence. A shift in our conceptual thinking about youth resistance training is needed to alter the current trajectory toward physical inactivity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jill A Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
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Donlevy GA, Cornett KMD, Garnett SP, Shy R, Estilow T, Yum SW, Anderson K, Pareyson D, Moroni I, Muntoni F, Reilly MM, Finkel RS, Herrmann DN, Eichinger KJ, Shy ME, Burns J, Menezes MP. Association of Body Mass Index With Disease Progression in Children With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Neurology 2023; 101:e717-e727. [PMID: 37380432 PMCID: PMC10437011 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on disease progression over 2 years in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). METHODS BMI was classified in 242 participants aged 3-20 years with CMT enrolled in the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium, using the International Obesity Task Force (based on adult BMI values, kg/m2) criteria. Groups were categorized as severely underweight (BMI <17 kg/m2), underweight (BMI ≥17 to <18.5 kg/m2), healthy weight (BMI ≥18.5 to <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥25 to <30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Disease severity was assessed using the CMT Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS), a clinical outcome assessment of disability (0-44 points, mild to severe). RESULTS At baseline, compared with individuals being of a healthy weight (mean CMTPedS 15.48, SD 9.22), children who were severely underweight (mean CMTPedS difference 9.03, 95% CI 0.94-17.12; p = 0.02), underweight (mean CMTPedS difference 5.97, 95% CI 0.62-11.31; p = 0.02), or obese (mean CMTPedS difference 7.96, 95% CI 1.03-14.88; p = 0.015) exhibited greater disability. At 2 years, compared with individuals being of a healthy weight (mean CMTPedS 17.53, SD 9.41), children who were severely underweight exhibited greater disability (mean CMTPedS difference 9.27, 95% CI 0.90-17.64; p = 0.02). Over the 2-year periods, the mean CMTPedS for the whole sample deteriorated by 1.72 points (95% CI 1.09-2.38; p < 0.001), with severely underweight children progressing at the fastest rate (mean CMTPedS change of 2.3, 95% CI 1.53-6.13; p = 0.21). In children who did not have a change in BMI categories over 2 years (69% of sample), CMTPedS scores deteriorated faster in those who were severely underweight (mean CMTPedS change 6.40 points, 95% CI 2.42-10.38; p = 0.01) than those of healthy weight (mean CMTPedS change 1.79 points, 95% CI 0.93-2.69; p < 0.001). For children who changed BMI categories (31% of sample), CMTPedS scores deteriorated faster in children who became overweight/obese (mean CMTPedS change 2.76 points, 95% CI 0.11-5.41; p = 0.031). DISCUSSION Children with CMT who were severely underweight, underweight, or obese exhibited greater disability at baseline. Over the 2-year period in those whose BMI remained stable, severely underweight children deteriorated at the fastest rate. For children who changed BMI categories over the 2 years, CMTPedS scores deteriorated faster in children who became overweight/obese. Interventions that maintain or improve BMI toward healthy weight may reduce disability in children with CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Donlevy
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY.
| | - Kayla M D Cornett
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sarah P Garnett
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Rosemary Shy
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Timothy Estilow
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Kimberly Anderson
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Davide Pareyson
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Isabella Moroni
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Mary M Reilly
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Richard S Finkel
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - David N Herrmann
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Katy J Eichinger
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Michael E Shy
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Joshua Burns
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Manoj P Menezes
- From the Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., K.M.D.C., S.P.G., J.B., M.P.M.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (R.S., M.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (T.E., S.W.Y.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (T.E., S.W.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Fondazione IRCCS (D.P., I.M.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (F.M.); Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (M.M.R.), University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (D.N.H., K.J.E.), University of Rochester, NY
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5
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Resistance exercise training and the motor unit. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2019-2035. [PMID: 35751668 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is a key modality to enhance sports performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation, and improving overall health via increases in muscular strength. Yet, the contribution of neural mechanisms to increases in muscular strength are highly debated. This is particularly true for the involvement of the motor unit, which is the link between neural (activation) and mechanical (muscle fiber twitch forces) mechanisms. A plethora of literature that examines the effects of RET on skeletal muscle speculate the role of motor units, such as increases in firing rates partially explains muscular strength gains. Results, however, are mixed regarding changes in firing rates in studies that utilize single motor unit recordings. The lack of clarity could be related to vast or subtle differences in RET programs, methods to record motor units, muscles tested, types of contractions and intensities used to record motor units, etc. Yet to be discussed, mixed findings could be the result of non-uniform MU behavior that is not typically accounted for in RET research. The purpose of this narration is to discuss the effects of acute resistance exercise training studies on MU behavior and to provide guidance for future research.
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6
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MacLennan RJ, Mota JA, Thompson BJ, Stock MS. Effects of Strength and Conditioning on Maximal Isometric Strength, Motor Unit Behavior, and Concentric Isokinetic Peak Torque in Middle-School Boys'. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1318-1326. [PMID: 33780394 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT MacLennan, RJ, Mota, JA, Thompson, BJ, and Stock, MS. Effects of strength and conditioning on maximal isometric strength, motor unit behavior, and concentric isokinetic peak torque in middle-school boys. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1318-1326, 2022-It has long been theorized that improvements in muscle strength in young athletes are mediated by motor unit adaptations. The ability to decompose surface electromyographic signals obtained during isometric contractions now allow for such research questions to be answered. We examined changes in isometric and concentric isokinetic strength, as well as vastus lateralis motor unit behavior, after 16 weeks of strength training and conditioning in middle-school aged boys. Nine boys (mean ± SD age = 12 ± 1 years) participated in training. Five boys (age = 13 ± 1 years) served as control subjects. The training subjects performed 90 minutes of high-intensity, multi-joint exercise twice per week. Assessments of unilateral maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force of the knee extensors, concentric peak torque at velocities of 60, 180, and 300°·s-1, and vastus lateralis motor unit data during 50 and 80% MVIC tests were performed. Strength training and conditioning did not improve MVIC force. Greater training-induced strength increases were observed at faster isokinetic velocities, with a large effect size at 300°·s-1 (d = 0.813). The slopes and y-intercepts of the mean firing rate vs. recruitment threshold relationship and the action potential amplitude vs. recruitment threshold relationship were unaffected by training. Sixteen weeks of middle-school strength and conditioning did not enhance maximal isometric strength or vastus lateralis motor unit control, but improvements were observed during rapid isokinetic muscle actions. Given the lack of training (multi-joint) vs. testing (single-joint) specificity, we propose that motor unit adaptations in youth are task specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J MacLennan
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jacob A Mota
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Matt S Stock
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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7
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Comeras-Chueca C, Villalba-Heredia L, Perez-Lasierra JL, Marín-Puyalto J, Lozano-Berges G, Matute-Llorente Á, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Casajús JA. Active Video Games Improve Muscular Fitness and Motor Skills in Children with Overweight or Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2642. [PMID: 35270330 PMCID: PMC8910272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Childhood obesity is an important public health problem. Children with overweight or obesity often tend to show the pediatric inactivity triad components; these involve exercise deficit disorder, pediatric dynapenia, and physical illiteracy. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of an active video games (AVG) intervention combined with multicomponent exercise on muscular fitness, physical activity (PA), and motor skills in children with overweight or obesity. (2) Methods: A total of 29 (13 girls) children (10.07 ± 0.84 years) with overweight or obesity were randomly allocated in the intervention group (AVG group; n = 21) or in the control group (CG; n = 8). The intervention group performed a 5-month AVG training using the Xbox 360® with the Kinect, the Nintendo Wii®, dance mats, and the BKOOL® interactive cycling simulator, combined with multicomponent exercise, performing three sessions per week. The control group continued their daily activities without modification. Weight, PA using accelerometers, and motor competence using the Test of Gross Motor Development 3rd edition were measured. Muscular fitness was evaluated through the Counter Movement Jump height, maximal isometric strength of knee extension and handgrip strength, and lean mass using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Mann−Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed. The biserial correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Spearman’s correlation coefficients among PA, muscular fitness, and motor competence variables were also calculated. (3) Results: The AVG group significantly increased their knee extension maximal isometric strength (4.22 kg; p < 0.01), handgrip strength (1.93 kg; p < 0.01), and jump height (1.60 cm; p < 0.01), while the control group only increased the knee extension maximal isometric strength (3.15 kg; p < 0.01). The AVG group improved motor competence and light physical activity (p < 0.05) and decreased sedentary time (p < 0.05). Lean mass improved in both AVG group and CG (p < 0.05). Lastly, the percentage of improvement of motor skills positively correlated with the percentage of improvement in vigorous PA (r = 0.673; p = 0.003) and the percentage of improvement in CMJ (r = 0.466; p = 0.039). (4) Conclusions: A 5-month intervention combining AVG with multicomponent training seems to have positive effects on muscle fitness, motor competence, and PA in children with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Comeras-Chueca
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Villalba-Heredia
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Perez-Lasierra
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Marín-Puyalto
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Matute-Llorente
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alex Gonzalez-Aguero
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A. Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kołodziej M, Czajka K. Skeletal muscle quality in 6- and 7-y-old children assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Nutrition 2021; 96:111568. [PMID: 35051787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The condition of skeletal muscles is a key marker of the nutritional status and function of an organism. It is necessary to monitor muscle quality in basic pediatric preventive health care, especially due to the increase in negative health behaviors during a pandemic. The aims of this study were to assess body composition and muscle strength as well as to analyze the relationship between muscle functional quality and impedance parameters in 6- and 7-y-old children. METHODS The study involved 292 healthy 6- and 7-y-old children. Handgrip strength and bioimpedance parameters were measured. Body composition components, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass, were estimated. Handgrip strength in relation to the appendicular skeletal muscles mass was adopted as an indicator of the muscle functional quality. The relationship between the muscle quality index and impedance parameters was assessed by multiple regression. RESULTS A 1-y age difference between the children differentiated not only basic somatic parameters, body composition, and handgrip strength, but also the electrical properties of the tissues. The relative difference in muscle mass between younger and older children was twice that of the muscle strength. A significant regression model of the muscle quality index was obtained, in which reactance and impedance phase angle were strong positive predictors. Adjusted fat mass negatively correlated with the muscle quality. CONCLUSIONS Reactance and phase angle are good indicators of the quality of appendicular skeletal muscle in healthy children and can be potentially used in pediatric preventive health care and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kołodziej
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Kamila Czajka
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
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9
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Donlevy GA, Garnett SP, Cornett KMD, McKay MJ, Baldwin JN, Shy RR, Yum SW, Estilow T, Moroni I, Foscan M, Pagliano E, Pareyson D, Laura M, Bhandari T, Muntoni F, Reilly MM, Finkel RS, Sowden JE, Eichinger KJ, Herrmann DN, Shy ME, Burns J, Menezes MP. Association Between Body Mass Index and Disability in Children With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Neurology 2021; 97:e1727-e1736. [PMID: 34493614 PMCID: PMC8605613 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and disability in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 477 patients with CMT who were 3 to 20 years of age from the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium and 316 age- and sex-matched healthy children from the 1,000 Norms Project. BMI was categorized according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria, and BMI categorization was compared with healthy children. IOTF categories (adult equivalent BMI cut points) were severely underweight (BMI <17 kg/m2), underweight (BMI ≥17-<18.5 kg/m2), healthy weight (BMI ≥18.5-<25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥25-<30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Scores on the 0 to 44-point CMT Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS), a well-validated measure of disability, were examined in relation to BMI. RESULTS There was a higher proportion of children with CMT categorized as severely underweight (5.7% vs 0.3%), underweight (10.3% vs 5.1%), and obese (7.3% vs 3.8%) (p < 0.05). Fewer children with CMT were categorized as healthy weight (61.8% vs 74.4%) (p < 0.05), and the proportion of overweight (14.9% vs 16.5%) between groups was similar. CMTPedS scores (mean ± SD) for weight categories were as follows: severely underweight 27 ± 9, underweight 20 ± 8, healthy weight 17 ± 9, overweight 17 ± 9, and obese 22 ± 10. Compared to children with a healthy weight with CMT, being severely underweight was associated with being more disabled (p < 0.001), as was being obese (p = 0.015). DISCUSSION The proportion of children with CMT who are underweight or obese is higher compared to age- and sex-matched healthy children. In children with CMT, being underweight or obese is associated with greater disability, when compared to children with CMT of healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Donlevy
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY.
| | - Sarah P Garnett
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Kayla M D Cornett
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Marnee J McKay
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Jennifer N Baldwin
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Rosemary R Shy
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Timothy Estilow
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Isabella Moroni
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Maria Foscan
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Emanuela Pagliano
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Davide Pareyson
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Matilde Laura
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Trupti Bhandari
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Mary M Reilly
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Richard S Finkel
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Janet E Sowden
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Katy J Eichinger
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - David N Herrmann
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Michael E Shy
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Joshua Burns
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Manoj P Menezes
- From the University of Sydney (G.A.D., S.P.G., M.P.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health; Children's Hospital at Westmead (G.A.D., S.P.G., K.M.D.C., J.B., M.P.M.); University of Sydney (K.M.D.C., M.J.M., J.B.), School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine (J.N.B.), University of Newcastle, Australia; Departments of Pediatrics (R.R.S.) and Neurology (M.E.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Neurology (S.W.Y.) and Department of Occupational Therapy (T.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (S.W.Y., T.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (I.M., M.F., E.P., D.P.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (M.L., M.M.R.), University College London, Queen Square; University College London Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital (T.B., F.M.), London, England; Translational Neurosciences (Pediatrics) (R.S.F.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Neurology (J.E.S., K.J.E., D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY
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Wilczyński J, Karolak P. Relationship Between Electromyographic Frequency of the Erector Spinae and Location, Direction, and Number of Spinal Curvatures in Children with Scoliotic Changes. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1881-1896. [PMID: 34007226 PMCID: PMC8121675 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s302360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between erector spinae electromyographic frequency (SEMG) and the location, direction and number of spinal curvatures in children with scoliotic changes. METHODS Analysis comprised 103 (42,21%) children with scoliosis and 141 (57.79%) with scoliotic posture. Body posture and the spine were examined using the Diers formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Electromyographic analysis was performed using a 14-channel Noraxon TeleMyo DTS apparatus. RESULTS In girls, the highest mean SEMG frequency of the erector spinae, calculated from 16 measurements, occurred in the case of scoliotic posture (Mean = 73.69 Hz), while in boys, the greatest values were noted for scoliosis (Mean = 79.75 Hz). There was a significant correlation between erector spinae SEMG frequency and curvature location, both in the scoliosis group (p = 0.003) and in the group with scoliotic posture (p = 0.04). There was also a significant correlation between SEMG frequency of the erector spinae and direction of the curvature, both in the scoliosis (p = 0.01) and scoliotic posture groups (p = 0.04), as well as between the erector spinae SEMG frequency and the number of spinal curvatures (scoliosis group: p = 0.03; scoliotic posture group: p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The study is of applicative value and fills the gap in research on erector spinae SEMG frequency of in low-grade scoliosis among small children. Our research can also be used in research on the etiology and progression scoliosis. Visible disturbances in the erector spinae SEMG frequency (activity and tension) contribute to the development of curvature and testify to the fact that these changes are the primary cause of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis is merely a symptom, an external expression of CNS dysfunction that is not fully recognised. It is also visible on the SEMG record of postural muscles. Our objective is to contribute to creating a future model record for SEMG of the postural muscles, characteristic for children with scoliosis. Then, based on electromyographic examination, it will be possible to identify initial symptoms of scoliosis and start preventive rehabilitation before irreversible bone changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wilczyński
- Laboratory of Posturology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Przemysław Karolak
- Laboratory of Posturology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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Hou Y, Yang J, Qin B, Gu L, Zheng J. Ultrasonic evaluation of muscle functional recovery following free functioning gracilis transfer, a preliminary study. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:17. [PMID: 33546776 PMCID: PMC7863516 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonic measurement has not been utilized to assess the functional recovery of transplanted muscle. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using B-ultrasound measurement to assess muscle recovery following free functioning gracilis transfer. METHODS From January 2009 to January 2014, 35 patients receiving free functioning gracilis transfer to treat total brachial plexus injury were enrolled. B-ultrasound was adopted to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of transplanted gracilis muscle at rest and contraction state. The ratio of pre- to post-transplant CSA value at rest state was defined as muscle bulk ratio (MBR). The ratio of CSA value at contraction state to rest state was defined as contraction ratio (CR). RESULTS Patients with muscle strength M ≥ 4 had significantly higher CR1 (post-transplant), CR2 (pre-transplant), and range of motion (ROM, joint mobility) than those with muscle strength M < 4. The CR1 > CR2 group had significantly higher CR1, muscle strength, and ROM than the CR1 ≤ CR2 group. The MBR > 1 group had significantly higher muscle strength than the MBR ≤ 1 group. CR1 value was highly correlated with muscle strength and with ROM. CR2 value was moderately correlated with muscle strength and ROM. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that a higher CR1/CR2 value was associated with a higher muscle strength and joint mobility. The CR1 > CR2 group had better muscle strength and ROM than the CR1 ≤ CR2 groups. CONCLUSION B-ultrasound measurement can quantitatively reflect muscle strength following gracilis transfer, and CR value could be a potential indicator for functional recovery of the transplanted gracilis muscle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic studies, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bengang Qin
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Pinto RS, Pinto MD. Moving forward with the echo intensity mean analysis: Exploring echo intensity bands in different age groups. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111179. [PMID: 33310151 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared ultrasound characteristics in youth, younger adults, and older adults using two different methods of analysis: based on clusters of pixel concentration of the grayscale (i.e. EI bands) and the traditionally calculated echo intensity mean. Forty-four healthy youth (13.3 ± 1.4 y), 22 younger adults (31.8 ± 10.1 y) and 53 older adults (66.7 ± 4.6 y) volunteered for the assessment of rectus femoris EI via ultrasonography. Pixel concentration (i.e. EI bands) was calculated in intervals of 0-50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, and 201-255 of the gray scale, while EI mean was determined as the average pixels from 0 to 255. EI0-50 significantly decreased with group age, while EI51-100, 101-150, 151-200, 201-255 and EI mean increased (P < 0.001). The differences between groups were greater using EI0-50 compared to the EI mean (i.e. EI0-50: youth = ~353% and younger adults = ~251% > older adults; whereas EI mean: youth = ~46% and younger adults = 29% < older adults). These results potentially indicate that EI bands method offer different information than the EI mean method. In addition, EI bands may be a promising approach to understand tissue-specific adaptations to physical training and neuromuscular diseases, yet future studies should validate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Daros Pinto
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Gillen ZM, Shoemaker ME, Bohannon NA, Gibson SM, Cramer JT. Comparing the torque- and power-velocity relationships between children and adolescents during isokinetic leg extension muscle actions. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 74:102678. [PMID: 33137582 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use polynomial regression analyses to examine the torque- and power-velocity relationships and calculate and compare the vertices of these nonlinear models, and how they relate to measurements of muscle size and maximal strength, between male and female children and adolescents during maximal isokinetic leg extension muscle actions. Sixteen children (n = 8 males, n = 8 females) and 22 adolescents (n = 11 males, n = 11 females) participated in this study. Measurements of growth included age, maturity offset, height, body mass, fat-free mass, and quadriceps femoris muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Participants completed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the leg extensors and maximal voluntary isokinetic leg extensions at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300°·s-1. Variables calculated during all leg extension muscle actions included peak torque (PT, Nm) and mean power (MP, W). Polynomial regression analyses determined the model of best fit for the PT- and MP-velocity relationships. For each participant, the vertex from the PT- and MP-velocity quadratic models were quantified as the predicted maximum velocity of last measurable torque (VPT) and the predicted velocity of maximum mean power (VMP), respectively. Measurements of growth, PT and MP at all velocities, VPT, and VMP were greater in the adolescents than children. When normalized to CSA, VPT and VMP remained greater for adolescents than children, and exhibited low to very high relationships with measurements of growth. When normalized to MVIC strength, VPT and VMP were no longer different between children and adolescents and exhibited negligible to low relationships with measurements of growth. The results of the present study suggest that the ability to produce torque and power at high velocities may be more dependent on muscle strength than muscle size, which suggests that mechanisms other than muscular hypertrophy affect torque and power production at high velocities in young males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Gillen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Marni E Shoemaker
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bohannon
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sydney M Gibson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joel T Cramer
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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Giuliani HK, Shea NW, Gerstner GR, Mota JA, Blackburn JT, Ryan ED. The Influence of Age and Obesity-Altered Muscle Tissue Composition on Muscular Dimensional Changes: Impact on Strength and Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2286-2294. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if muscular dimensional changes with increases in torque production are influenced by age- and obesity-related increases in intramuscular fat, and its relationship to percent body fat (%BF), echo intensity (EI), strength, and maximum walking speed. Sixty-six healthy men were categorized into 3 groups based on age and body mass index status (young normal weight [YNW], older normal weight [ONW], and older obese [OB]). Participants underwent %BF assessments, resting ultrasonography to determine muscle size (cross-sectional area [CSA]) and EI of the superficial quadriceps, and a 10-m maximum walking speed assessment. Maximal and submaximal (rest–100% MVC in 10% increments) isometric leg extension strength was assessed while changes in rectus femoris (RF) CSA, width, and depth were obtained with ultrasonography. Echo intensity and %BF were different among all groups (p ≤ .007), with the YNW and OB groups exhibiting the lowest and highest %BF and EI values, respectively. The RF increased in depth and decreased in width with increases in torque intensity for all groups. The ONW group demonstrated no change (−0.08%) in RF CSA across torque intensities, whereas the YNW group (−11.5%) showed the greatest decrease in CSA, and the OB group showed a more subtle decrease (−4.6%). Among older men, a greater change in RF CSA was related to poorer EI (r = −0.355) and higher %BF (r = −0.346), while a greater decrease in RF width was associated with faster walking speeds (r = −0.431). Examining muscular dimensional changes during contraction is a unique model to investigate the influence of muscle composition on functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden K Giuliani
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nic W Shea
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
| | - Gena R Gerstner
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Jacob A Mota
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Troy Blackburn
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Parra ME, Miller JD, Sterczala AJ, Trevino MA, Dimmick HL, Herda TJ. Differences in the firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationships of the vastus lateralis in children ages 7-10 years and adults. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 72:102650. [PMID: 32721368 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Motor unit (MU) firing rates of the vastus lateralis in children and adults were examined. Seven healthy adult males (mean ± SD, age = 21 ± 2.6 yrs) and six healthy male children (mean ± SD age = 8.8 ± 1.7) volunteered. Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from 20% and 60% maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). Surface EMG signals were decomposed into firing events of individual MUs and slopes and y-intercepts were calculated for the mean firing rate (MFR, pps) at steady torque vs. recruitment thresholds (RT) relationships for each subject. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) was measured, via ultrasonography, with specific torque calculated (MVC/mCSA). Adults possessed greater mCSA (p = .002; children = 11.5 ± 2.1 cm2; adults = 31.80 ± 12.15 cm2) and greater specific torque (p = .018; children = 4.63 ± 1.4 Nm/cm2; adults = 7.1 ± 1.8 Nm/cm2) compared to children. The y-intercepts were significantly (p < .001) greater during the 60% (28.91 ± 4.56 pps) than the 20% MVC (23.5 ± 4.9 pps) collapsed across groups while the children had significantly (p = .036) lower y-intercepts (23.9 ± 5.4 pps) than the adults (28.2 ± 4.8 pps) when collapsed across intensities. Slopes of the MFR vs RT relationships were greater for the 60% (-0.342 ± 0.127 pps/%MVC) contraction than the 20% (-0.50 ± 0.159 pps/%MVC) MVC when collapsed across groups. Adults had greater firing rates regardless of recruitment threshold than children. This may be due to lower recruitment potential and overall excitation to the motoneuron pool of children as indicated with differences in specific torque and/or differences in antagonist co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Parra
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jonathan D Miller
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Trevino
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hannah L Dimmick
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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16
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Skeletal Muscle Composition and Glucose Levels in Children Who Are Overweight and Obese. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 32:157-164. [PMID: 32454457 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is overlooked in the realm of insulin resistance in children who are overweight and obese despite the fact that it accounts for the most glucose disposal. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study examined fasted glucose levels and muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) via ultrasound images of the first dorsal interosseous, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris in children who are normal weight and overweight and obese aged 8-10 years. METHODS In total, 13 males (age = 9.0 [0.7] y) and 7 females (age = 9.0 [0.8] y) volunteered for this study. Independent samples t tests and effect sizes (ESs) were used to examine potential differences in skeletal muscle composition and glucose concentrations. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups for glucose concentration (P = .07, ES = 0.86); however, the children who were overweight and obese had significantly greater EI (P < .01, ES = 0.98-1.63) for the first dorsal interosseous, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris and lower cross-sectional area when normalized to EI when collapsed across muscles (P < .04, ES = 0.92). Glucose concentrations correlated with EI and cross-sectional area/EI for the vastus lateralis (r = .514 to -.593) and rectus femoris (r = .551 to -.513), but not the first dorsal interosseous. DISCUSSION There is evidence that adiposity-related pathways leading to insulin resistance and skeletal muscle degradation are active in young children who are overweight and obese.
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Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Kohlmeier M, Trevino MA, Gerstner GR, Roelofs EJ, Miller JD. Muscle cross‐sectional area and motor unit properties of the medial gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis in normal weight and overfat children. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:335-346. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trent J. Herda
- Neuromechanics LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Eric D. Ryan
- Neuromuscular Research LaboratoryDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ScienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
- Human Movement Science CurriculumUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Martin Kohlmeier
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
- Nutrigenetics LaboratoryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kannapolis NC USA
| | - Michael A. Trevino
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceOklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Gena R. Gerstner
- Department of Human Movement SciencesOld Dominion University Norfolk VA USA
| | - Erica J. Roelofs
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN USA
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18
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Characteristics of motor unit recruitment in boys and men at maximal and submaximal force levels. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1289-1302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Verdejo-Roman J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Chaddock-Heyman L, Raine LB, Stillman CM, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Catena A, Ortega FB, Hillman CH. Physical Fitness, White Matter Volume and Academic Performance in Children: Findings From the ActiveBrains and FITKids2 Projects. Front Psychol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30809168 PMCID: PMC6379335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and white matter volume and test whether those associations differ between normal-weight and overweight/obese children (ii) to analyze the association between other physical fitness components (i.e., motor and muscular) and white matter volume, and (iii) to examine whether the fitness-related associations in white matter volume were related to academic performance. Methods: Data came from two independent projects: ActiveBrains project (n = 100; 10.0 ± 1.1 years; 100% overweight/obese; Spain) and FITKids2 project (n = 242; 8.6 ± 0.5 years; 36% overweight/obese, United States). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed in both projects, and motor and muscular fitness were assessed in the ActiveBrains project. T1-weighted images were acquired with a 3.0 T S Magnetom Tim Trio system. Academic performance was assessed by standardized tests. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with greater white matter volume in the ActiveBrain project (P < 0.001, k = 177; inferior fronto-opercular gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus) and in the FITKids project (P < 0.001, k = 117; inferior temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus) among overweight/obese children. However, no associations were found among normal-weight children in the FITKids project. In the ActiveBrains project, motor fitness was related to greater white matter volume (P < 0.001, k = 173) in six regions, specifically, insular cortex, caudate, bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral supramarginal gyrus; muscular fitness was associated with greater white matter volumes (P < 0.001, k = 191) in two regions, particularly, the bilateral caudate and bilateral cerebellum IX. The white matter volume of six of these regions were related to academic performance, but after correcting for multiple comparisons, only the insular cortex remained significantly related to math calculations skills (β = 0.258; P < 0.005). In both projects, no brain regions showed a statistically significant negative association between any physical fitness component and white matter volume. Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory fitness may positively relate to white matter volume in overweight/obese children, and in turn, academic performance. In addition, motor and muscular fitness may also influence white matter volume coupled with better academic performance. From a public health perspective, implementing exercise interventions that combine aerobic, motor and muscular training to enhance physical fitness may benefit brain development and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Roman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Brain Aging and Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Faigenbaum AD, MacDonald JP, Haff GG. Are Young Athletes Strong Enough for Sport? DREAM On. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:6-8. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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