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Sparacio A, IJzerman H, Ropovik I, Giorgini F, Spiessens C, Uchino BN, Landvatter J, Tacana T, Diller SJ, Derrick JL, Segundo J, Pierce JD, Ross RM, Francis Z, LaBoucane A, Ma-Kellams C, Ford MB, Schmidt K, Wong CC, Higgins WC, Stone BM, Stanley SK, Ribeiro G, Fuglestad PT, Jaklin V, Kübler A, Ziebell P, Jewell CL, Kovas Y, Allahghadri M, Fransham C, Baranski MF, Burgess H, Benz ABE, DeSousa M, Nylin CE, Brooks JC, Goldsmith CM, Benson JM, Griffin SM, Dunne S, Davis WE, Watermeyer TJ, Meese WB, Howell JL, Standiford Reyes L, Strickland MG, Dickerson SS, Pescatore S, Skakoon-Sparling S, Wunder ZI, Day MV, Brenton S, Linden AH, Hawk CE, O'Brien LV, Urgyen T, McDonald JS, van der Schans KL, Blocker H, Ng Tseung-Wong C, Jiga-Boy GM. Self-administered mindfulness interventions reduce stress in a large, randomized controlled multi-site study. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01907-7. [PMID: 38862815 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness witnessed a substantial popularity surge in the past decade, especially as digitally self-administered interventions became available at relatively low costs. Yet, it is uncertain whether they effectively help reduce stress. In a preregistered (OSF https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UF4JZ ; retrospective registration at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06308744 ) multi-site study (nsites = 37, nparticipants = 2,239, 70.4% women, Mage = 22.4, s.d.age = 10.1, all fluent English speakers), we experimentally tested whether four single, standalone mindfulness exercises effectively reduced stress, using Bayesian mixed-effects models. All exercises proved to be more efficacious than the active control. We observed a mean difference of 0.27 (d = -0.56; 95% confidence interval, -0.43 to -0.69) between the control condition (M = 1.95, s.d. = 0.50) and the condition with the largest stress reduction (body scan: M = 1.68, s.d. = 0.46). Our findings suggest that mindfulness may be beneficial for reducing self-reported short-term stress for English speakers from higher-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sparacio
- LIP/PC2s, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hans IJzerman
- LIP/PC2s, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
- Annecy Behavioral Science Lab, Saint-Jorioz, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Ivan Ropovik
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Filippo Giorgini
- Department of Economics, Management and Statistics (DEMS), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua Landvatter
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracey Tacana
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra J Diller
- Private University Seeburg Castle, Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
- LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Robert M Ross
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoë Francis
- University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Amanda LaBoucane
- University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Colombia, Canada
| | | | - Maire B Ford
- Psychology department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy C Higgins
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryant M Stone
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha K Stanley
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gianni Ribeiro
- School of Law and Justice, The University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Valerie Jaklin
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kübler
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ziebell
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine E Nylin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Glendale Community College, Glendale, CA, USA
| | - Janae C Brooks
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Glendale Community College, Glendale, CA, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Goldsmith
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Glendale Community College, Glendale, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tam J Watermeyer
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin V Day
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Shawna Brenton
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Audrey H Linden
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Léan V O'Brien
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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