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van den Brink NJM, Pardow F, Meesters LD, van Vlijmen-Willems I, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Niehues H, Jansen PAM, Roelofs SH, Brewer MG, van den Bogaard EH, Smits JPH. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Quantifies Skin Barrier Function in Organotypic In Vitro Epidermis Models. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00293-8. [PMID: 38642800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) are a state-of-the-art organotypic culture model in preclinical investigative dermatology and regulatory toxicology. In this study, we investigated the utility of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for noninvasive measurement of HEE epidermal barrier function. Our setup comprised a custom-made lid fit with 12 electrode pairs aligned on the standard 24-transwell cell culture system. Serial EIS measurements for 7 consecutive days did not impact epidermal morphology, and readouts showed comparable trends with HEEs measured only once. We determined 2 frequency ranges in the resulting impedance spectra: a lower frequency range termed EISdiff correlated with keratinocyte terminal differentiation independent of epidermal thickness and a higher frequency range termed EISSC correlated with stratum corneum thickness. HEEs generated from CRISPR/Cas9-engineered keratinocytes that lack key differentiation genes FLG, TFAP2A, AHR, or CLDN1 confirmed that keratinocyte terminal differentiation is the major parameter defining EISdiff. Exposure to proinflammatory psoriasis- or atopic dermatitis-associated cytokine cocktails lowered the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers and reduced EISdiff. This cytokine-associated decrease in EISdiff was normalized after stimulation with therapeutic molecules. In conclusion, EIS provides a noninvasive system to consecutively and quantitatively assess HEE barrier function and to sensitively and objectively measure barrier development, defects, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicitas Pardow
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca D Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Matthew G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Dyson E, Sikkink S, Nocita D, Twigg P, Westgate G, Swift T. Evaluating the Irritant Factors of Silicone and Hydrocolloid Skin Contact Adhesives Using Trans-Epidermal Water Loss, Protein Stripping, Erythema, and Ease of Removal. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:284-296. [PMID: 38150300 PMCID: PMC10792606 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A composite silicone skin adhesive material was designed to improve its water vapor permeability to offer advantages to wearer comfort compared to existing skin adhesive dressings available (including perforated silicone and hydrocolloid products). The chemical and mechanical properties of this novel dressing were analyzed to show that it has a high creep compliance, offering anisotropic elasticity that is likely to place less stress on the skin. A participant study was carried out in which 31 participants wore a novel silicone skin adhesive (Sil2) and a hydrocolloid competitor and were monitored for physiological response to the dressings. Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured pre- and postwear to determine impairment of skin barrier function. Sil2 exhibited a higher vapor permeability than the hydrocolloid dressings during wear. Peel strength measurements and dye counter staining of the removed dressings showed that the hydrocolloid had a higher adhesion to the participants' skin, resulting in a greater removal of proteins from the stratum corneum and a higher pain rating from participants on removal. Once the dressings were removed, TEWL of the participants skin beneath the Sil2 was close to normal in comparison to the hydrocolloid dressings that showed an increase in skin TEWL, indicating that the skin had been highly occluded. Analysis of the skin immediately after removal showed a higher incidence of erythema following application of hydrocolloid dressings (>60%) compared to Sil2, (<30%). In summary, this modified silicone formulation demonstrates superior skin protection properties compared to hydrocolloid dressings and is more suitable for use as a skin adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dyson
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Stephen Sikkink
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Davide Nocita
- Faculty
of Engineering and Informatics, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Peter Twigg
- Faculty
of Engineering and Informatics, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Gill Westgate
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Thomas Swift
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
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Serrano-Castañeda P, Ochoa Loyo MA, Tinoco Hernández CE, Anaya-Ortega BM, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Anguiano-Almazán E, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Peña-Juárez MC, Vázquez-Durán A, Méndez-Albores A, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Morales-Florido MI, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Ceftriaxone-Loaded Polymeric Microneedles, Dressings, and Microfibers for Wound Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2610. [PMID: 37376256 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to create polymeric dressings, microfibers, and microneedles (MN) loaded with ceftriaxone, using PMVA (Poly (Methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid), Kollicoat® 100P, and Kollicoat® Protect as polymers to treat diabetic wounds and accelerate their recovery. These formulations were optimized through a series of experiments and were subsequently subjected to physicochemical tests. The results of the characterization of the dressings, microfibers, and microneedles (PMVA and 100P) were, respectively, a bioadhesion of 281.34, 720, 720, 2487, and 510.5 gf; a post-humectation bioadhesion of 186.34, 831.5, 2380, and 630.5 gf, tear strength of 2200, 1233, 1562, and 385 gf, erythema of 358, 8.4, 227, and 188; transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of 2.6, 4.7, 1.9, and 5.2 g/h·m2; hydration of 76.1, 89.9, 73.5, and 83.5%; pH of 4.85, 5.40, 5.85, and 4.85; and drug release (Peppas kinetics release) of n: 0.53, n: 0.62, n: 0.62, and n: 0.66). In vitro studies were performed on Franz-type diffusion cells and indicated flux of 57.1, 145.4, 718.7, and 2.7 µg/cm2; permeation coefficient (Kp) of 13.2, 19.56, 42, and 0.00015 cm2/h; and time lag (tL) of 6.29, 17.61, 27. 49, and 22.3 h, respectively, in wounded skin. There was no passage of ceftriaxone from dressings and microfibers to healthy skin, but that was not the case for PMVA/100P and Kollicoat® 100P microneedles, which exhibited flux of 194 and 0.4 µg/cm2, Kp of 11.3 and 0.00002 cm2/h, and tL of 5.2 and 9.7 h, respectively. The healing time of the formulations in vivo (tests carried out using diabetic Wistar rats) was under 14 days. In summary, polymeric dressings, microfibers, and microneedles loaded with ceftriaxone were developed. These formulations have the potential to address the challenges associated with chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot, improving the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Miguel Alejandro Ochoa Loyo
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Cristian Ezequiel Tinoco Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Brian Miguel Anaya-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Ericka Anguiano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Betsabé Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Ma Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Isabel Marlen Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo #400, Barrio de Santiago, 2ª Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria-Lab 12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
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Fluhr JW, Wiora G, Nikolaeva DG, Miséry L, Darlenski R. In vivo transepidermal water loss: Validation of a new multi-sensor open chamber water evaporation system Tewameter TM Hex. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13307. [PMID: 37113085 PMCID: PMC10234168 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instrumentation technology for transepidermal water loss measurements has not been substantially modified since its introduction by Nilsson in 1977. Recent progress in sensor development allowed a new sensor arrangement using a matrix of 30 sensors. Raw measurement values are processed with spatial statistical analysis. We aimed to compare the new, multi-sensor probe (Tewameter TM Hex) with the established Tewameter TM 300 probe and to gain reference data for the new parameters of transepidermal energy loss and water vapor concentration on skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Baseline measurements and repeated measurements on the volar forearm and assessment on eight different anatomical locations were performed on 24 healthy volunteers (both gender) with the TM Hex and the TM 300. RESULTS A significant correlation (p < 0.001; R-coefficient = 0.9) between TM Hex and the TM 300 with a low coefficient of variance (CV) 11% for TM Hex and 19% for TM 300, could be assessed. The CV ranged between 7% (right inner upper arm) and 14% (palms). Average transepidermal heat loss ranged from 12 W/m2 on the lower leg to 38.8 W/m2 on the palm. CONCLUSION The correlation between TM Hex and TM 300 along with the robustness of the measurements with the TM Hex shows that the new probe for assessment of epidermal barrier function is comparable to the TM 300. In most conditions, TM Hex provides more accurate measurements than TM 300. New parameters open the field to studying skin's water and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W. Fluhr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinInstitute of AllergologyBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPAllergology and ImmunologyGermany
| | - Georg Wiora
- Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbHCologneGermany
| | - Dessyslava G. Nikolaeva
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyAcibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, SofiaBulgaria
- EuroDerma ClinicSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyAcibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, SofiaBulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical FacultyTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria
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