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Amato B, Ippolito D, Vitale M, Alduina R, Galluzzo P, Gerace E, Pruiti Ciarello F, Fiasconaro M, Cannella V, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Comparative Study of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis In Vitro Infection in Bovine Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages: Preliminary Results. Microorganisms 2024; 12:407. [PMID: 38399810 PMCID: PMC10893549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis are endemic in many areas worldwide. This work aims to study cytokines production and gene expression profiles of bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis subsp. avium (MAP) strains to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Bovine bone marrow stem cells were differentiated into macrophages and subsequently infected in vitro with different spoligotypes of M. bovis and MAP field strains (as single infections and coinfections), using different multiplicity of infection. Supernatant and cell pellets were collected 24 h, 48 h, and one week post-infection. Preliminarily, gene expression on cell pellets of IL-1β, IL-2, INFγ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFα was assessed by qRT-PCR one week p.i. Subsequently, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR to investigated their production retrospectively 24 h and 48 h p.i. A variability in macrophages response related to the concentration of mycobacteria, the coinfection with MAP, and M. bovis spoligotypes was identified. An early and constant IL-6 increase was observed in the M. bovis infection. A lower increase in IL-1β was also detected at the highest concentration of the two M. bovis spoligotypes one week post-infection. IL-6 and IL-1 β production was reduced and differently expressed in the MAP infection. IL-6 appeared to be the earliest cytokines produced by bovine macrophages infected with M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Amato
- Bristol Veterinary School Langford Campus, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paola Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Michele Fiasconaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
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Ahmad I, Raji YE, Hassan L, Samaila A, Aliyu B, Zinsstag J, Fasina FO. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tuberculosis in animals in Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17215. [PMID: 37383186 PMCID: PMC10293676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and chronic disease caused by mycobacteria belonging to theMycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in domestic and wild animals. MTBC strains infection has been confirmed in many animal species in Nigeria, including captive wildlife, cattle, dromedary camels, goats, and pigs. Despite widespread infection and the potential impact of the disease on public health, active surveillance and control strategies are absent in Nigeria. This study aimed to conduct the first comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the distribution of tuberculosis and analyze the potential moderators of infection in animals in Nigeria. Eligible studies (sixty-one (Cadmus et al., 2014) [61] prevalence and seven (Menzies and Neill, 2000) [7] case reports) were retrieved and included in the analysis. The analyses showed an overall pooled TB prevalence of 7.0% (95% CI: 6.0-8.0) comprising of infection distributed in cattle (8.0%, 95% CI: 7.0-8.0), goats (0.47%, 95% CI: 0-1.2), sheep (0.27%, 95% CI: 0.14-0.46), camels (13.0%, 95% CI: 0-47), and wildlife (13.0%, 95% CI: 9-16) respectively. The occurrence of infection was significantly moderated by the publication periods, geographical location, sample size, and detection methods. TB prevalence was heterogeneous across several predictors, with the year of publication exhibiting a higher rate (46%) of the detected heterogeneity. These findings should provide policy-relevant information to guide the design and establishment of prevention and control measures amenable to the local situations in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ahmad
- Animal Health and Livestock Development, Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yakubu Egigogo Raji
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Microbiology Unit, College of Health Sciences Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullahi Samaila
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Aliyu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Human and Animal Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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Melgarejo C, Planas C, Cobos A, Arrieta-Villegas C, Sevilla IA, Bezos J, Moll X, Espada Y, Garrido JM, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22132. [PMID: 36550177 PMCID: PMC9780325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
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Liang Z, Li H, Qu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Chen Y, Ge X, Zhou X. Intranasal bovine β-defensin-5 enhances antituberculosis immunity in a mouse model by a novel protein-based respiratory mucosal vaccine. Virulence 2022; 13:949-962. [PMID: 35603910 PMCID: PMC9154763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal immunization is an effective immunization strategy against tuberculosis (TB), and effective mucosal vaccines require adjuvants that can promote protective immunity without deleterious inflammation. Mucosal BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) is effective, but it causes a severe inflammatory response in the lung. A novel less cytotoxic mucosal vaccine AH-PB containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell surface antigens Ag85A and HspX (AH), as well as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) adjuvants were prepared, with the overarching goal of protecting against TB. Then, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines via the intranasal route were evaluated in a mouse model. Results showed that intranasal AH-PB promoted tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) development in the lung, induced antigen-specific antibody response in airway, provided protection against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), conferred better protection than parenteral BCG in the later stage of infection, and boosted the protective immunity generated by BCG in mice. Moreover, both B5 and Poly IC were indispensable for the protection generated by AH-PB. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with AH-B5 fusion vaccines also provided similar protection against M. bovis compared to AH-PB. Collectively, B5-based TB vaccine via the intranasal route is a promising immunization strategy against bovine TB, and this kind of immunization strategy may be applied to human TB vaccine development. These findings highlight the potential importance of B5 as a mucosal adjuvant used in TB vaccines or other respiratory disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Rojas-Espinosa O, Beristain-Cornelio G, Santillán-Flores MA, Arce-Paredes P, Islas-Trujillo S, Rivero-Silva MÁ. A neutrophil-based test as an auxiliary tool for substantiating the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:190-198. [PMID: 35775552 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_71_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still a prominent threat to animal health; lacking an efficient vaccine, other than BCG to get rid of tuberculosis, the most effective way for this is culling and slaughtering the infected animals. There are several cellular, serological, and molecular tests for the diagnosis of the disease but the most practical one at the field level is the double skin testing with bovine and aviary tuberculins. This is not a very specific test but is sensitive enough to identify most diseased animals; adjunct practical tests are desirable to strengthen the utility of skin tests. All lymphoid and myeloid cells participate, in diverse grades, in the immune response to tuberculosis with neutrophils playing an unintended pathologic role. The study aimed to investigate the response of neutrophils to agents present in the sera of tuberculous cows. Methods We have developed a neutrophil-based test (N BT) to identify diseased cows within a herd suspected of having tuberculosis; a positive N BT correlates with a positive double skin test. In this test, healthy neutrophils are incubated with the sera of healthy or tuberculous cows for 3 and 6 h, and the nuclear morphologic changes are recorded and analyzed. Results Sera from tuberculous but not from healthy cows induce nuclear alterations including pyknosis, swelling, apoptosis, and sometimes NETosis, in healthy neutrophils, and CFP 10 and ESAT 6 participate in the phenomenon. Conclusion We propose the N BT as an auxiliary tool for substantiating the diagnosis of bTB reinforcing the PPD test outcome to help decide whether or not a cow should be sacrificed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rojas-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Guadalupe Beristain-Cornelio
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Patricia Arce-Paredes
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Sergio Islas-Trujillo
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Rivero-Silva
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
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Orrico M, van Schaik G, Koets A, van den Broek J, Montizaan M, La Haye M, Rijks JM. The effectiveness of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Dutch badgers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2008-2020. [PMID: 34110708 PMCID: PMC9546121 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Countries survey wildlife for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) to ensure case detection or to ascertain a high probability of freedom from bTB in wildlife. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is a potential bTB reservoir host. Between 2008 and 2019, 282 badgers were examined post‐mortem in the context of general wildlife disease and targeted bTB surveillance programmes in the Netherlands, and no bTB cases were detected. However, it was unclear how effective this surveillance effort was to demonstrate freedom from Mycobacterium bovis infection in the badger population of ±6000 or to detect cases if present. Therefore, surveillance effectiveness was assessed using scenario tree modelling. For lack of standards for wildlife, the models were run against three assumed levels of disease in the population called design prevalence P*: 0.1%, 0.5%, and 3%. A small risk of introduction (0.015/year) was applied, because the Netherlands are officially free from bTB in cattle, with rare import of bTB‐infected cattle and no bTB‐infected wildlife reported along the Belgian and German borders with the Netherlands. Surveillance more readily picks up bTB presence in badgers when case detection sensitivity tends towards 100% and demonstrates freedom best when the probability of freedom tends towards 100%. For P* 0.1%, 0.5% and 3%, respectively, maximum case detection sensitivity during 2008–2019 was 8%, 35% and 94% and the probability of freedom in 2019 was 46%, 67%, and 95%. At P* = 3%, performing targeted surveillance on 300 badgers in a year would make it extremely unlikely to miss a case (case detection sensitivity > 99.9%); and if no cases are detected, the adjusted probability of freedom would then reach nearly 98.5%. Stakeholders should be made aware that at P* = 3%, one case detected implies around 3% infected badgers. Additional surveillance system components to assess bTB in wildlife and its economics are to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Orrico
- One Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Koets
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet Montizaan
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice La Haye
- Zoogdiervereniging/Dutch Mammal Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolianne M Rijks
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kock R, Michel AL, Yeboah-Manu D, Azhar EI, Torrelles JB, Cadmus SI, Brunton L, Chakaya JM, Marais B, Mboera L, Rahim Z, Haider N, Zumla A. Zoonotic Tuberculosis - The Changing Landscape. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113 Suppl 1:S68-S72. [PMID: 33713812 PMCID: PMC8672060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, Zoonotic TB remains a poorly monitored and an important unaddressed burden. Zoonotic TB primarily from consumption M. bovis contaminated unpasteurized dairy products. Novel zoonotic TB strains (e.g. M. orygis), warrants more attention and intervention. Early detection and control of M. bovis in cattle remains the mainstay of reducing zoonotic TB risk. Reverse zoonosis to animals of treatment resistant TB strains is a threat to eliminating TB.
Despite slow reductions in the annual burden of active human tuberculosis (TB) cases, zoonotic TB (zTB) remains a poorly monitored and an important unaddressed global problem. There is a higher incidence in some regions and countries, especially where close association exists between growing numbers of cattle (the major source of Mycobacterium bovis) and people, many suffering from poverty, and where dairy products are consumed unpasteurised. More attention needs to be focused on possible increased zTB incidence resulting from growth in dairy production globally and increased demand in low income countries in particular. Evidence of new zoonotic mycobacterial strains in South Asia and Africa (e.g. M. orygis), warrants urgent assessment of prevalence, potential drivers and risk in order to develop appropriate interventions. Control of M. bovis infection in cattle through detect and cull policies remain the mainstay of reducing zTB risk, whilst in certain circumstances animal vaccination is proving beneficial. New point of care diagnostics will help to detect animal infections and human cases. Given the high burden of human tuberculosis (caused by M. tuberculosis) in endemic areas, animals are affected by reverse zoonosis, including multi-drug resistant strains. This, may create drug resistant reservoirs of infection in animals. Like COVID-19, zTB is evolving in an ever-changing global landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kock
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Anita L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Simeon I Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Lucy Brunton
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Jeremiah M Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK.
| | - Ben Marais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leonard Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Najmul Haider
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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BRAGAZZI N, MARTINI M, MAHROUM N. Social determinants, ethical issues and future challenge of tuberculosis in a pluralistic society: the example of Israel. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E24-E27. [PMID: 32529102 PMCID: PMC7263062 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1s1.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a very serious respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which generates a relevant societal and clinical burden. It has always represented a permanent concern and a public health challenge over the course of human history, because of its severe epidemiological, and economic-financial implications. The present review aims at over-viewing the impact of tuberculosis on the Israeli healthcare system, its temporal trend and evolution, stratified according to ethnicities and minorities, the need of establishing new facilities and implementing screening techniques, public health strategies and diagnostic tests, following massive immigration waves from countries characterized by a high incidence rate of tuberculosis during the fifties-sixties until the nineties, and the policies implemented by the Israeli government in the control, management and treatment of tuberculosis, as well as the role played by Israeli prominent scientists in discovering new druggable targets and finding bioactive compounds and bio-molecules in the fight against tuberculosis. Israel represents a unique, living laboratory in which features of developed and developing countries mix together. This country as a case-study of immigrant, pluralistic society underlines the importance of adopting a culturally-sensitive community intervention approach. The understanding of the subtle interplay between race/ethnic host and pathogen factors, including the role of gene variations and polymorphisms can pave the way for a personalized treatment and management of tuberculosis patients, contributing to the development of new tools for targeted tuberculosis therapeutics, immunodiagnostics and vaccination products.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.L. BRAGAZZI
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - M. MARTINI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: Mariano Martini, Department of Health Sciences, via Pastore, 16132 Genoa, Italy - Tel. +39.010353.85.02 - E-mail:
| | - N. MAHROUM
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Zumla A, Yeboah-Manu D, Michel AL, Azhar EI, Torrelles JB, Cadmus SI, Kendall SL, Chakaya JM, Marais B, Kock R. Zoonotic tuberculosis-a call for an open One Health debate. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:642-644. [PMID: 32213331 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anita L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Simeon I Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sharon L Kendall
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jeremiah M Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ben Marais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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