Peer teacher training (PTT) in action

Peer teacher training develops "lifelong skills"

INTRODUCTION

Peer teaching is a valuable approach whereby students engage in reciprocal teaching and learning. However, there is limited literature on preparing students for this role, known as Peer Teacher Training (PTT), and exploring its long-term impact. This study investigates the impact of a previously implemented PTT programme on participants' application to clinical practice and their preparation for a future educator role.

METHODS

A convergent mixed methods approach was used involving questionnaires and semi-structured interviews after a mean time interval of seventeen months post-course. All participants who had previously undertaken the programme (n = 20), were invited to join.

RESULTS

Fifteen respondents completed the questionnaire, with twelve participating in one-to-one interviews. Participants demonstrated sustained improvements in perceived understanding and application of educational principles with greater confidence to teach upon entering the workforce. Interviews highlighted enhanced preparation for future educator roles, reflective teaching practices, influence over career choices and a wider benefit of the PTT to patients, peers, and students.

DISCUSSION

This study demonstrates the long-term benefits of a PTT through sustained improvements in participants' confidence and perceived competence in teaching skills. Future work should focus on integrating PTT into the medical curricula and expansion to include other healthcare professional students.

Teaching Medical Students How to Teach: A Scoping Review

PHENOMENON

Teaching medical students how to teach is a growing and essential focus of medical education, which has given rise to student teaching programs. Educating medical students on how to teach can improve their own learning and lay the foundation for a professional identity rooted in teaching. Still, medical student-as-teacher (MSAT) programs face numerous obstacles including time constraints, prioritizing curriculum, and determining effective evaluation techniques. The purpose of this scoping review is to map the current landscape of the literature on medical school initiatives designed to train students to teach to describe why medical student teaching programs are started; the benefits and barriers; who teaches them; what content is taught; and how content is delivered. With this new map, the authors aimed to facilitate the growth of new programs and provide a shared knowledge of practices derived from existing programs.

APPROACH

The authors conducted a scoping review, guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework, to map the literature of MSAT training programs. Six databases were searched using combinations of keywords and controlled vocabulary terms. Data were charted in duplicate using a collaboratively designed data charting tool. This review builds on the Marton et al. review and includes articles published from 2014 to 2020.

FINDINGS

Of the 1,644 manuscripts identified, the full-text of 57 were reviewed, and ultimately 27 were included. Articles included empirical research, synthetic reviews, opinion pieces, and a descriptive study. Analysis focused on modalities for teaching medical students how to teach; content to teach medical students about teaching; benefits and barriers to starting teaching programs; and the value of teaching programs for medical students.

INSIGHTS

The rapid growth of MSAT programs suggests that this curricular offering is of great interest to the field. Literature shows an increase in evaluative efforts among programs, benefits for students beyond learning to teach, and evidence of effective engagement in medical students' designing and implementing programs.

Exploring Student Experiences of an Undergraduate Certificate in Veterinary Medical Education

The ability to teach is recognized as a core skill for many professionals, including veterinarians, but undergraduate opportunities to develop this skill are not always available. A complementary teaching certificate offered during the clinical years of an undergraduate veterinary program was evaluated to investigate student experiences of the program and the perceived benefits and challenges of participating. The study used a mixed methods approach with questionnaires to provide an overview of the participant experience and semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper insight into students' experiences of the program. Two cohorts completed questionnaires comprising Likert-style and open-ended questions on the 3-year teaching certificate, the first cohort after 1 year of the program and the second cohort at completion. Interviews with participants from both cohorts were thematically analyzed to identify recurring themes. An average of 27% of students per academic year enrolled in the certificate program, most of whom completed it. Additionally, four to six students per cohort applied for Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (AFHEA), and 19 students have achieved this recognition. Key themes from the data included that students felt the certificate built their confidence, increased their veterinary knowledge, and helped them become better teachers, with time management and reflection the biggest challenges. The Undergraduate Certificate of Veterinary Medical Education was seen as a good teaching foundation, while working toward the AFHEA provided some insight into higher education and academic careers. A structured teaching program offers students the opportunity to develop their learning and reflection both as students and future educators.

The AaLplus near-peer teaching program in Family Medicine strengthens basic medical skills-A five-year retrospective study

Background

Basic medical skills such as history taking and physical examination are essential components of clinical work profiles, but nevertheless have been neglected by conventional preclinical curricula. The near-peer-teaching program AaL^plus [living anatomy plus] teaches basic medical skills, especially history taking, physical examination, and venepuncture, to preclinical students. It is a highly popular compulsory course in the first four semesters (320 students/year, 9h/semester) at Heidelberg University and ends with a formative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) during which students receive structured in-depth feedback on their performance. AaL^plus is part of the Department of General Practice’s longitudinal curriculum for Family Medicine.

Objectives

This study aims to assess whether the AaL^plus program has positive effects on students’ clinical skill development and subjective confidence in history taking, physical examination and venepuncture.

Methods

From 2015 to 2019, we asked all AaL^plus participants to rate the program and self-assess their medical skills on 5-point Likert scales (min 1, max 5). In 4-station OSCEs, trained tutors rated the students’ performance in all taught skills using standardized checklists.

Results

From 2015 to 2019 n = 1534 questionnaires returned (response rate = 98.6%, 52.7% females). After course completion, students felt able to take a patient’s history (mean 3.97, SD = 0.75) and perform physical examinations (means range 3.82–4.36, SDs range 0.74–0.89) as well as venepuncture (mean 4.12, SD = 0.88). A large majority of students claimed they acquired these skills in the AaL^plus program. During OSCE, 81.9% passed anamnesis, 93.1% passed physical examination, and 95.4% passed venepuncture (of n = 1556). Students mostly rated the feedback they received during the OSCE as “helpful” or “very helpful” (means for different stations 4.69–4.76, SDs 0.50–0.70).

Conclusions

AaL^plus is a positive example of a peer teaching program in the preclinical stage of medical studies. It successfully trains junior students in essential medical abilities and increases their confidence in their skills. A high percentage of students pass the formative OSCE and evaluate it positively. Consistently high ratings indicate the program’s routine viability. Further studies are needed to analyze if programs like AaL^plus could have an impact on the number of graduates choosing career in Family Medicine.