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Kim EJ, Hong WJ, Kang M, Jeon JS, Kim YJ, Jung KH. Overcoming functional redundancy in three actin depolymerizing factor genes for rice pollen tube growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1134-1137. [PMID: 38478416 PMCID: PMC11142328 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Qian D, Li T, Chen S, Wan D, He Y, Zheng C, Li J, Sun Z, Li J, Sun J, Niu Y, Li H, Wang M, Niu Y, Yang Y, An L, Xiang Y. Evolution of the thermostability of actin-depolymerizing factors enhances the adaptation of pollen germination to high temperature. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:881-898. [PMID: 37941457 PMCID: PMC10980419 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Double fertilization in many flowering plants (angiosperms) often occurs during the hot summer season, but the mechanisms that enable angiosperms to adapt specifically to high temperatures are largely unknown. The actin cytoskeleton is essential for pollen germination and the polarized growth of pollen tubes, yet how this process responds to high temperatures remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the high thermal stability of 11 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) is significantly different: ADFs that specifically accumulate in tip-growing cells (pollen and root hairs) exhibit high thermal stability. Through ancestral protein reconstruction, we found that subclass II ADFs (expressed specifically in pollen) have undergone a dynamic wave-like evolution of the retention, loss, and regeneration of thermostable sites. Additionally, the sites of AtADF7 with high thermal stability are conserved in ADFs specific to angiosperm pollen. Moreover, the high thermal stability of ADFs is required to regulate actin dynamics and turnover at high temperatures to promote pollen germination. Collectively, these findings suggest strategies for the adaptation of sexual reproduction to high temperature in angiosperms at the cell biology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongxing He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junxia Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muxuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Dinet C, Michelot A. pH gradients guide ADF/cofilin isoforms in pollen tubes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202310012. [PMID: 37824163 PMCID: PMC10568488 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, Wang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202206074) demonstrate that subtle differences between two ADF/cofilin isoforms allow fine spatial regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes. This article illustrates how two similar proteins have progressively evolved to adapt their localization and activity according to the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dinet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM (UMR 7288), Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Alphée Michelot
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM (UMR 7288), Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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Wang J, Shen J, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Qu X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Huang S. Differential sensitivity of ADF isovariants to a pH gradient promotes pollen tube growth. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206074. [PMID: 37610419 PMCID: PMC10445753 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the targets of the pH gradient in tip-growing cells, but how cytosolic pH regulates the actin cytoskeleton remains largely unknown. We here demonstrate that Arabidopsis ADF7 and ADF10 function optimally at different pH levels when disassembling actin filaments. This differential pH sensitivity allows ADF7 and ADF10 to respond to the cytosolic pH gradient to regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes. ADF7 is an unusual actin-depolymerizing factor with a low optimum pH in in vitro actin depolymerization assays. ADF7 plays a dominant role in promoting actin turnover at the pollen tube apex. ADF10 has a typically high optimum pH in in vitro assays and plays a dominant role in regulating the turnover and organization of subapical actin filaments. Thus, functional specification and cooperation of ADF isovariants with different pH sensitivities enable the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton with the cytosolic pH gradient to support pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zhang R, Xu Y, Yi R, Shen J, Huang S. Actin cytoskeleton in the control of vesicle transport, cytoplasmic organization, and pollen tube tip growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:9-25. [PMID: 37002825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic streaming, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasm organization in pollen tubes. In this update review, we describe the progress in understanding the organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the function of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization in pollen tubes. We also discuss the interplay between ion gradients and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates the spatial arrangement and dynamics of actin filaments and the organization of the cytoplasm in pollen tubes. Finally, we describe several signaling components that regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Yi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Robinson R, Sprott D, Couroux P, Routly E, Labbé N, Xing T, Robert LS. The triticale mature pollen and stigma proteomes - assembling the proteins for a productive encounter. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104867. [PMID: 36870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae crops are major contributors to global food production and ensuring their capacity to reproduce and generate seeds is critical. However, despite their importance our knowledge of the proteins underlying Triticeae reproduction is severely lacking and this is not only true of pollen and stigma development, but also of their pivotal interaction. When the pollen grain and stigma are brought together they have each accumulated the proteins required for their intended meeting and accordingly studying their mature proteomes is bound to reveal proteins involved in their diverse and complex interactions. Using triticale as a Triticeae representative, gel-free shotgun proteomics was used to identify 11,533 and 2977 mature stigma and pollen proteins respectively. These datasets, by far the largest to date, provide unprecedented insights into the proteins participating in Triticeae pollen and stigma development and interactions. The study of the Triticeae stigma has been particularly neglected. To begin filling this knowledge gap, a developmental iTRAQ analysis was performed revealing 647 proteins displaying differential abundance as the stigma matures in preparation for pollination. An in-depth comparison to an equivalent Brassicaceae analysis divulged both conservation and diversification in the makeup and function of proteins involved in the pollen and stigma encounter. SIGNIFICANCE: Successful pollination brings together the mature pollen and stigma thus initiating an intricate series of molecular processes vital to crop reproduction. In the Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, triticale) there persists a vast deficit in our knowledge of the proteins involved which needs to be addressed if we are to face the many upcoming challenges to crop production such as those associated with climate change. At maturity, both the pollen and stigma have acquired the protein complement necessary for their forthcoming encounter and investigating their proteomes will inevitably provide unprecedented insights into the proteins enabling their interactions. By combining the analysis of the most comprehensive Triticeae pollen and stigma global proteome datasets to date with developmental iTRAQ investigations, proteins implicated in the different phases of pollen-stigma interaction enabling pollen adhesion, recognition, hydration, germination and tube growth, as well as those underlying stigma development were revealed. Extensive comparisons between equivalent Triticeae and Brassiceae datasets highlighted both the conservation of biological processes in line with the shared goal of activating the pollen grain and promoting pollen tube invasion of the pistil to effect fertilization, as well as the significant distinctions in their proteomes consistent with the considerable differences in their biochemistry, physiology and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Labbé
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Peng L, He J, Yao H, Yu Q, Zhang Q, Li K, Huang Y, Chen L, Li X, Yang Y, Li X. CARK3-mediated ADF4 regulates hypocotyl elongation and soil drought stress in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1065677. [PMID: 36618656 PMCID: PMC9811263 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Actin depolymerization factors (ADFs), as actin-binding proteins, act a crucial role in plant development and growth, as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we found that CARK3 plays a role in regulating hypocotyl development and links a cross-talk between actin filament and drought stress through interaction with ADF4. By using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and GST pull-down, we confirmed that CARK3 interacts with ADF4 in vivo and in vitro. Next, we generated and characterized double mutant adf4cark3-4 and OE-ADF4:cark3-4. The hypocotyl elongation assay indicated that the cark3-4 mutant seedlings were slightly longer hypocotyls when compared with the wild type plants (WT), while CARK3 overexpressing seedlings had no difference with WT. In addition, overexpression of ADF4 significantly inhibited long hypocotyls of cark3-4 mutants. Surprisingly, we found that overexpression of ADF4 markedly enhance drought resistance in soil when compared with WT. On the other hand, drought tolerance analysis showed that overexpression of CARK3 could rescue adf4 drought susceptibility. Taken together, our results suggest that CARK3 acts as a regulator in hypocotyl elongation and drought tolerance likely via regulating ADF4 phosphorylation.
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Actin depolymerizing factor ADF7 inhibits actin bundling protein VILLIN1 to regulate root hair formation in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010338. [PMID: 36095000 PMCID: PMC9499291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is essential for root hair formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress are largely undiscovered. Here, genetic analysis showed that actin-depolymerizing protein ADF7 and actin-bundling protein VILLIN1 (VLN1) were positively and negatively involved in root hair formation of Arabidopsis respectively. Moreover, RT-qPCR, GUS staining, western blotting, and genetic analysis revealed that ADF7 played an important role in inhibiting the expression and function of VLN1 during root hair formation. Filament actin (F-actin) dynamics observation and actin pharmacological experiments indicated that ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway led to the decline of F-actin bundling and thick bundle formation, as well as the increase of F-actin depolymerization and turnover to promote root hair formation. Furthermore, the F-actin dynamics mediated by ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root hair formation. Finally, ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was critical for osmotic stress-induced root hair formation. Our work demonstrates that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing the novel evidence on the F-actin dynamics and their molecular mechanisms in root hair formation and in abiotic stress. Root hairs are required for plants to absorb nutrients and water. The dynamics of cytoskeleton such as actin filaments (F-actin) are necessary for the formation of root hairs, which is regulated by different kinds of cytoskeleton-binding proteins. At the same time, the dynamics of cytoskeleton are also involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, there are few studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress. Actin depolymerization factor 7 (ADF7) and actin bunding protein Villin 1 (VLN1) are important actin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis. Here, we describe a pathway that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing a new evidence for the studies on the molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation and in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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