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Xu H, Su X, Zuo Q, Zhang L, Chu X. The Research of a Large-Scale Analysis Platform for MNS Blood Group Identification Based on Long-Read Sequencing. Transfus Med Rev 2024; 38:150836. [PMID: 38851986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2024.150836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to devise a novel approach for determining MNS blood group utilizing long-read sequencing (LRS) and to identify intricate genome variations associated with this blood group system. In this study, a total of 60 blood samples were collected from randomly selected Chinese Han blood donors. The amplification of the full-length sequences of GYPA exon 2-7 (11 kb) and GYPB exon 2-6 (7 kb) was conducted on the blood samples obtained from these 60 donors. Subsequently, the sequencing of these amplified sequences was performed using the PacBio platform. The obtained sequencing data were then compared with the reference sequence of the human genome (GRCh38) utilizing the pbmm2 software, resulting in the acquisition of the haploid sequences of GYPA and GYPB. The serological typing prediction was conducted using the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) database, while the analysis of SNVs sites was performed using deepvariant v1.2.0 software and reference sequence alignment. A total of 60 samples yielded unambiguous high-quality haplotypes, which can serve as a standardized reference sequence for molecular biology typing of MNSs in the Chinese population. In a total of 60 serological samples, the LRS method successfully identified the M, N, S, and s blood group antigens by analyzing specific genetic variations (c.59, c.71, c.72 for GYPA, and c.143 for GYPB), which aligned with the results obtained through conventional serological techniques. 4 Mur samples that had been previously validated through serology and molecular biology were successfully confirmed, and complete haploid sequences were obtained. Notably, one of the Mur samples exhibited a novel breakpoint, GYP (B1-136-B ψ 137-212-A213-229-B230-366), thereby representing a newly identified subtype. Single molecule sequencing, which eliminates the necessity for PCR amplification, effectively encompasses GC and high repeat regions, enhancing accuracy in quantifying mutations with low abundance or frequency. By employing LRS analysis of the core region of GYPA and GYPB, diverse genotypes of MNS can be precisely and reliably identified in a single assay. This approach presents a comprehensive, expeditious, and precise novel method for the categorization and investigation of MNS blood group system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, China.
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Simtong P, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat C. Genetic profile of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS hybrid glycophorins blood groups in ethnic northeastern Thais: Alleles, genotypes and risk of alloimmunisation. Transfus Med 2024; 34:287-297. [PMID: 38804163 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against blood group antigens play a key role in the pathophysiology of haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and risk of alloimmunisation of clinically significant blood group systems in ethnic northeastern Thais. METHODS In total, 345 unrelated, healthy, ethnic northeastern Thais were tested using the in-house PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method for simultaneously genotyping of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS glycophorin hybrids and results confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In this cohort, the alleles RHCE*C (81.0%) and RHCE*e (84.8%) were more prevalent than RHCE*c (19.0%) and RHCE*E (15.2%). The most common predicted haplotype combinations of the RHCE alleles were C+c-E-e+(R1R1) (59.4%) followed by the C+c+E+e+ (R1R2) (20.6%) and C+c+E-e+ (R1r) (11.3%). The KEL*01 allele was not found in this study. The frequencies of FY*01 and FY*02 were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively. The genotype FY*02/02 was found in four samples (1.2%). The frequencies of JK*01 and JK*02 were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively. Homozygous JK*02/02 was found in 81 samples (23.5%). The frequencies of DI*01 and DI*02 were 0.6% and 99.4%, respectively. In total, 64 samples (18.6%) were found to carry the MNS glycophorin hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a possible high risk of c, E, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and Mia alloimmunisation in these populations. Moreover, methods established for genotyping clinically significant blood groups in this study can now be utilised in routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Simtong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Wei L, Zhu S, Wen J, Liao Z, Luo G, Ji Y. The study of variant s antigen expression revealing a novel c.160C>T (p.Arg54Cys) variant on GYPB*s allele associated with partial s phenotype. Transfusion 2024; 64:380-387. [PMID: 38158881 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little s antigen is mainly defined by a single nucleotide polymorphism at c.143C (p.Thr48) on the GYPB gene. Several variants on GYPB can alter the expression of s antigen. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of variant s antigen expression in the Chinese population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 4983 whole blood samples were collected to screen the individuals with discrepant s typing results using two different monoclonal anti-s. Then, the sequence of GYPB exon 4 was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to quantify s antigen expression on red blood cells (RBCs). In vitro expression study was performed to verify the effect of the GYPB variants identified on the expression of s antigen. RESULTS Four donors were identified to have discrepant s typing results. Sanger sequencing showed that three donors carried the c.173C > G variant (p.Pro58Arg) specific for sD antigen, the other one carried a novel GYPB (c.160C > T, p.Arg54Cys) variant. Flow cytometry identified a partial and weak expression of s antigen on the RBCs of the four donors. Furthermore, in vitro expression study confirmed the effect of the two variants on the s antigen expression. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that in addition to p.Thr48, the two extra amino acids p.Arg54 and p.Pro58 are also important for full expression of s antigen. Since the individuals with partial s antigen are at risk for the development of alloanti-s, it is important to select at least two different monoclonal anti-s for correct s typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jizhi Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Liao
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangping Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
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Hassan SN, Mohamad S, Kannan TP, Hassan R, Wei S, Wan Ab Rahman WS. Prevalence of GP. Mur variant phenotype among Malaysian blood donors. Asian J Transfus Sci 2023; 17:169-174. [PMID: 38274953 PMCID: PMC10807541 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_125_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A number of glycophorin variant phenotypes or hybrid glycophorin variants of the MNS blood group system bear multiple immunogenic antigens such as Mia, Mur, and MUT. In the East and Southeast Asian populations, glycoprotein (GP.) Mur is the most common glycophorin variant phenotype expressing those three immunogens. The aim of this study was to detect MNS system glycophorin variant phenotypes (GP. Mur, GP. Hop, GP. Bun, GP. HF, and GP. Hut) among Malaysian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 144 blood donors were selected under stratified random sampling. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from whole blood samples, followed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the specific MNS variants and then validated by a serological crossmatch with known anti-Mur and anti-MUT. RESULTS GP. Mur was identified among Malaysian blood donors with a prevalence of 6.94%, and no other variants of the MNS system were found. CONCLUSION The present study substantiates that GP. Mur is the main variant of the MNS system glycophorin (B-A-B) hybrid in Malaysian blood donors. GP. Mur-negative red blood cells must therefore be considered in the current transfusion policy in order to prevent alloimmunization and immune-mediated transfusion reactions, particularly in transfusion-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - ShuangShi Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Chomean S, Attapong J, Jitsuvantaya S, Poomsaard K, Dongwilai C, Bunnun P, Kaset C. Development of Mi a Phenotyping Using Paper-Based Device. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123104. [PMID: 36553111 PMCID: PMC9777619 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MNS7 (Mia) blood group antigen is found at a different prevalence among different ethnic groups. Anti-Mia can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and both acute- and delayed-type hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR). Mia typing should be performed in donors to prevent life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reactions. The gel card and standard tube methods still need specialized equipment, centrifugation, and expertise for result interpretation. We used a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) pre-coated with monoclonal IgM anti-Mia for Mia phenotyping. We measured grey pixel intensity in blood typing results for interpretation processing using OpenCV at the sample (SP) and elution parts (EP); furthermore, we used the SP: EP ratio and F-score as analysis criteria. We typed 214 blood EDTA samples with PAD-Mia and then compared with gel card results for setting an analysis criterion. We observed 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when we applied the SP: EP ratio and F-score with the optimal criterion (1.07 and 0.17 for SP: EP ratio and F-score, respectively). The validation of PAD-Mia typing for blood donor samples (n = 150) via F-score gave 100% sensitivity and specificity when compared with the gel card method; therefore, we argue that PAD-Mia typing can be used for Mia phenotyping without sero-centrifugation. Moreover, to study the correlation between genotype and phenotype, PCR-SSP was performed to identify GYP(B-A-B) hybrids. The results revealed that all Mia+ blood samples gave a positive with GP. Hut, GP. HF, GP. Mur, GP. Hop, and GP. Bun. Results of the gel card method and PCR-SSP were concordant. Hence, using PAD-Mia typing in blood donors would be helpful for creating a phenotype database of blood donors for reducing alloimmunization risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Chomean
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jirapat Attapong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumittra Jitsuvantaya
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Komin Poomsaard
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chadchadaporn Dongwilai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pished Bunnun
- Industrial IoT and Automation Research Group (IIARG), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), 112 Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chollanot Kaset
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Wei L, Sun A, Wen J, Wang Z, Li Q, Liao Y, Luo G, Ji Y. Molecular genetic analysis of Mi a -positive hybrid glycophorins revealed two novel alleles of GP.Vw and multiple variant transcripts of GYPB existing in both the homozygous GP.Mur and wild-type GPB individuals. Transfusion 2021; 61:2477-2486. [PMID: 34117642 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hybrid glycophorins of MNS blood group system express a series of low incidence antigens including Mia , which are commonly found in Southeast Asian populations. In this study, the molecular basis of Mia -positive hybrid glycophorins was firstly clarified in the Chinese Southern Han population. RNA transcripts of GYPB gene in the homozygous GP.Mur individuals were also analyzed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DNAs were extracted from the whole blood samples of 111 Mia -positive donors. Then, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for GYP(B-A-B) was used to analyze the genotypes. Sequencing of GYPB pseudoexon 3 was conducted in the samples with variant melting curves. TA-cloning and subsequent sequencing of GYPA exons 2-4 were performed in the Mia -positive samples with normal GYPB/GYPB genotype by HRM. The transcript analysis of GYPB was conducted in homozygous GP.Mur and wild-type glycophorin B (GPB) individuals using RNA extracted from the cultured erythroblast. RESULTS The heterozygous GYP*Mur/GYPB (n = 101), homozygous GYP*Mur/GYP*Mur (n = 7) including one novel GYP*Mur allele with an extra GYPA/GYPE specific nucleotide substitution (c.229+110A>T), heterozygous GYP*Bun/GYPB (n = 1) and GYP*Vw/GYPA (n = 2) with two novel GYP*Vw alleles were identified. RNA transcript analysis revealed multiple transcripts of GYPB existing in both homozygous GP.Mur and normal GPB individuals. CONCLUSION The results showed the genetic diversity of hybrid glycophorins in the Chinese population. Besides, the successful analysis of GYPB transcripts indicates that the cultured erythroblast is a good source for RNA transcript analysis for the protein only expressed on the red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ainong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Blood Center, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhi Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Blood Center, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Blood Center, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gholamrezazade A, Amirizadeh N, Oodi A. Genotyping analysis of the MNS blood group system of thalassemia patients with alloantibodies in Iran. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 60:103006. [PMID: 33229298 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological methods are unreliable for accurate determination of blood group antigens in multi-transfused thalassemia patients. The MNS blood group system has five high-frequency antigens. Many studies demonstrated that some antibodies including anti-S, anti-s, and anti-U may cause acute and delayed transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This study aimed to determine the genotype of the MNS blood group in thalassemia patients with alloantibodies by molecular methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 104 blood samples from thalassemia patients were collected. The blood group phenotype for M, N, S and s antigens was determined by the tube hemagglutination method. MNS blood group genotyping was performed using PCR-SSP and DNA Sequencing methods. RESULTS All patients were genotyped with a total of 6 pairs of primers. Discrepancies between genotype and phenotype were observed in 22 patients with S/s alleles and 2 patients with M/N alleles, however, there was full accordance between the results of SSP-PCR and DNA sequencing. The frequency of MNS blood group alleles was determined as follows: 25 % MNSs, 23 % MNss, 21 % MMSs, 9% MMSS, 9% MMss, 8% NNss, 2%MNSS, and NNSS, NNSs, MM genotypes at 1% each. CONCLUSION In conclusion, molecular genotyping is more reliable than serological methods in multiple transfusion patients and can lead to a more compatible blood unit for transfusion in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Gholamrezazade
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Oodi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Successful prenatal management of two foetuses affected by antibodies against GP.Mur with prenatal genotyping analysis and a literature review. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2020; 19:135-143. [PMID: 33085590 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0058-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GP.Mur belongs to the GP(B-A-B) hybrid glycophorin family, which is the most common hybrid glycophorin in Southeast Asia. Antibodies against GP.Mur may cause a clinically significant haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) although, so far, not many cases have been reported in mainland China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two Chinese women with a history of severe hydrops foetalis were seen in our centre. Alloantibody identification and GYP.Mur genotyping analysis were used for prenatal evaluation. Intrauterine transfusion was performed in two pregnancies in case 1. The features of these two women are described and literature-reported cases of HDFN related to antibodies against GP.Mur are summarised. RESULTS The phenotype of both mothers was Mia- Mur-, while the fathers' was Mia+ Mur+ with a heterozygous GYP.Mur hybrid gene as determined by a high-resolution melting method of genotyping. In case 1, the antibodies against GP.Mur were detected in the mother's serum and the cord blood of two foetuses. Fortunately, the latest foetus was successfully saved after intrauterine transfusion. In case 2, hydrops foetalis occurred in the first two pregnancies, but the risk of HDFN was excluded for the third foetus because of the GP.Mur negative phenotype. The literature review showed that 68.8% (11/16) of the reported cases of HDFN related to antibodies against GP.Mur occurred in the Chinese population, and that 37.5% (6/16) of them were cases of severe HDFN. DISCUSSION More cases of severe HDFN caused by antibodies against GP.Mur are presumably undetected as GP.Mur cells are not included in the panel of obligatory screening tests in most Southeast Asian countries including mainland China. The high-resolution melting method for GYP.Mur genotyping and zygosity detection is helpful in prenatal management.
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Lopez GH, Wilson B, Turner RM, Millard GM, Fraser NS, Roots NM, Liew YW, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Frequency of Mi a (MNS7) and Classification of Mi a-Positive Hybrid Glycophorins in an Australian Blood Donor Population. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 47:279-286. [PMID: 32884500 DOI: 10.1159/000504026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MNS blood group system genes GYPA and GYPB share a high degree of sequence homology and gene structure. Homologous exchanges between GYPA and GYPB form hybrid genes encoding hybrid glycophorins GP(A-B-A) and GP(B-A-B). Over 20 hybrid glycophorins have been characterised. Each has a distinct phenotype defined by the profile of antigens expressed including Mi<sup>a</sup>. Seven hybrid glycophorins carry Mi<sup>a</sup> and have been reported in Caucasian and Asian population groups. In Australia, the population is diverse; however, the prevalence of hybrid glycophorins in the population has never been determined. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of Mi<sup>a</sup> and to classify Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins in an Australian blood donor population. Method Blood samples from 5,098 Australian blood donors were randomly selected and screened for Mi<sup>a</sup> using anti-Mi<sup>a</sup> monoclonal antibody (CBC-172) by standard haemagglutination technique. Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive red blood cells (RBCs) were further characterised using a panel of phenotyping reagents. Genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis and DNA sequencing were used to confirm serology. Result RBCs from 11/5,098 samples were Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive, representing a frequency of 0.22%. Serological and molecular typing identified four types of Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins: GP.Hut (n = 2), GP.Vw (n = 3), GP.Mur (n = 5), and 1 GP.Bun (n = 1). GP.Mur was the most common. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive study on the frequency of Mi<sup>a</sup> and types of hybrid glycophorins present in an Australian blood donor population. The demographics of Australia are diverse and ever-changing. Knowing the blood group profile in a population is essential to manage transfusion needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghis H Lopez
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Wilson
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyn M Turner
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda M Millard
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole S Fraser
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi M Roots
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yew-Wah Liew
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine A Hyland
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Hassan SN, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Mohamad S, Hassan R, Wan Ab Rahman WS. Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance. Transfus Med Rev 2019; 33:118-124. [PMID: 30910255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crossover or conversion between the homologous regions of glycophorin A (GYPA) and glycophorin B (GYPB) gives rise to several different hybrid glycophorin genes encoding a number of different glycophorin variant phenotypes which bear low prevalence antigens in the MNS blood group system. GP.Mur is the main glycophorin variant phenotype which causes hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in East and Southeast Asians. The detection of glycophorin variant phenotypes using serological methods is limited to phenotyping reagents that are not commercially available. Moreover, the red blood cells used for antibody identification are usually of the GP.Mur phenotype. The current Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are available alternatives to phenotyping that allow for the specific detection of glycophorin variant phenotypes. This review highlights the molecular detection method for glycophorins A and B variant phenotypes and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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