1
|
Rigas K, Tanis JB, Morello E, Polton G, Marconato L, Carroll M, Ciriano Cerda E, Ramos S, Baker C, Finotello R. The Prognostic Role of Preoperative Hematological and Inflammatory Indices in Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma. Vet Sci 2023; 10:495. [PMID: 37624282 PMCID: PMC10459974 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological indices play a prognostic role in human osteosarcoma (OSA), but data are limited in dogs. The aim of this retrospective multicentric cohort study was to investigate the prognostic significance of pre-operative hematological/inflammatory indices in a cohort of client-owned dogs with appendicular OSA receiving standardized treatment. Cut-offs associated with progression-free survival (PFS) for pre-operative hematological values/ratios were established using the minimal p-value approach. Historical prognostic factors were also assessed. Statistical analyses were performed for the whole population and after the exclusion of sighthounds. Fifty-nine dogs were included (13 were sighthounds). Multivariable analysis revealed that a low neutrophil count (<4.37 × 109/L, HR0.28, CI 95% 0.13-0.61, p = 0.001), a high red blood cell count (≥7.91, HR3.5, CI 95% 1.56-7.9, p = 0.002), and a proximal humerus location (HR3.0, CI 95% 1.48-6.1, p = 0.002) were associated with shorter PFS. In the sighthound-only population, only OSA location was significantly associated with PFS in univariable analysis. When sighthounds were excluded, a low neutrophil count, a low monocyte count, and a proximal humerus location were associated with shorter PFS, in multivariable analysis. Neutrophil count and possibly monocyte and red blood cell counts can be useful prognostic markers in canine OSA treated with amputation and adjuvant carboplatin. However, not all indices are appropriate in sighthounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rigas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (K.R.); (R.F.)
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon SS14 3AP, UK
| | - Jean-Benoit Tanis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (K.R.); (R.F.)
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marlon Carroll
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Ramos
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK
| | - Charlotte Baker
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (K.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (K.R.); (R.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He F, Xie L, Sun X, Xu J, Li Y, Liu R, Sun K, Shen D, Gu J, Ji T, Guo W. A Scoring System for Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Primary High-Grade Bone Sarcomas: A Multicenter Study. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:2499-2509. [PMID: 36017768 PMCID: PMC9531107 DOI: 10.1111/os.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Currently, there is a lack of good clinical tools for evaluating the effect of chemotherapy preoperatively on primary high‐grade bone sarcomas. Our goal was to investigate the predictive value of the clinical findings and establish a scoring system to predict chemotherapy response. Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study and reviewed 322 patients with primary high‐grade bone sarcomas. Patients who routinely received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent primary tumor resection with an assessment of tumor necrosis rate (TNR) were enrolled in this study. The medical records of patients were collected from November 1, 2011, to March 1, 2018, at Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) and Peking University Shougang Hospital (PKUSH). The mean age of the patients was 16.2 years (range 3–52 years), of whom 65.5% were male. The clinical data collected before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy included the degree of pain, laboratory inspection, X‐ray, CT, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT). Several machine learning models, including logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, were used to classify the chemotherapy responses. Area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system to predict chemotherapy response is the primary outcome measure. Results For patients without events, a minimum follow‐up of 24 months was achieved. The median follow‐up time was 43.3 months, and it ranged from 24 to 84 months. The 5 years progression‐free survival (PFS) of the included patients was 54.1%. The 5 years PFS rate was 39.7% for poor responders and 74.9% for good responders. Features such as longest diameter reduction ratio (up to three points), clear bone boundary formation (up to two points), tumor necrosis measured by magnetic resonance (up to two points), maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) decrease (up to three points), and significant alkaline phosphatase decrease (up to 1 point) were identified as significant predictors of good histological response and constituted the scoring system. A score ≥4 predicts a good response to chemotherapy. The scoring system based on the above factors performed well, achieving an AUC of 0.893. For nonmeasurable lesions (classified by the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST 1.1]), the AUC was 0.901. Conclusion We first devised a well‐performing comprehensive scoring system to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary high‐grade bone sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou He
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luu AK, Schott CR, Jones R, Poon AC, Golding B, Hamed R, Deheshi B, Mutsaers A, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM. An evaluation of TAZ and YAP crosstalk with TGFβ signalling in canine osteosarcoma suggests involvement of hippo signalling in disease progression. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:365. [PMID: 30477496 PMCID: PMC6258471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone cancer in canines. Both transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Hippo pathway mediators have important roles in bone development, stemness, and cancer progression. The role of Hippo signalling effectors TAZ and YAP has never been addressed in canine OSA. Further, the cooperative role of TGFβ and Hippo signalling has yet to be explored in osteosarcoma. To address these gaps, this study investigated the prognostic value of TAZ and YAP alone and in combination with pSmad2 (a marker of active TGFβ signalling), as well as the involvement of a TGFβ-Hippo signalling crosstalk in tumourigenic properties of OSA cells in vitro. An in-house trial tissue microarray (TMA) which contained 16 canine appendicular OSA cases undergoing standard care and accompanying follow-up was used to explore the prognostic role of TAZ, YAP and pSmad2. Published datasets were used to test associations between TAZ and YAP mRNA levels, metastasis, and disease recurrence. Small interfering RNAs specific to TAZ and YAP were utilized in vitro alone or in combination with TGFβ treatment to determine their role in OSA viability, proliferation and migration. Results Patients with low levels of both YAP and pSmad2 when evaluated in combination had a significantly longer time to metastasis (log-rank test, p = 0.0058) and a longer overall survival (log rank test, p = 0.0002). No similar associations were found for TAZ and YAP mRNA levels. In vitro, TAZ knockdown significantly decreased cell viability, proliferation, and migration in metastatic cell lines, while YAP knockdown significantly decreased viability in three cell lines, and migration in two cell lines, derived from either primary tumours or their metastases. The impact of TGFβ signaling activation on these effects was cell line-dependent. Conclusions YAP and pSmad2 have potential prognostic value in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. Inhibiting YAP and TAZ function could lead to a decrease in viability, proliferation, and migratory capacity of canine OSA cells. Assessment of YAP and pSmad2 in larger patient cohorts in future studies are needed to further elucidate the role of TGFβ-Hippo signalling crosstalk in canine OSA progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1651-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Courtney R Schott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrew C Poon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brandon Golding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roa'a Hamed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Deheshi
- Medical City Forth Worth, HCA affiliated Hospital, 900 8th Ave, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Anthony Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neumann ZL, Pondenis HC, Masyr A, Byrum ML, Wycislo KL, Fan TM. The Association of Endothelin-1 Signaling with Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Expression and Protumorigenic Activities in Canine Osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1584-94. [PMID: 26426813 PMCID: PMC4895680 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive sarcoma characterized by pathologic skeletal resorption and pulmonary metastases. A number of negative prognostic factors, including bone alkaline phosphatase, have been identified in dogs with OS, but the underlying biologic factors responsible for such observations have not been thoroughly investigated. Endothelin‐1‐mediated signaling is active during bone repair, and is responsible for osteoblast migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase expression. Hypothesis The endothelin‐1 signaling axis is active in canine OS cells, and this pathway is utilized by malignant osteoblasts for promoting cellular migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities. Animals 45 dogs with appendicular OS. Methods The expressions of endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor were studied in OS cell lines and in samples from spontaneously occurring tumors. Activities mediated by endothelin‐1 signaling were investigated by characterizing responses in 3 OS cell lines. In 45 dogs with OS, bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were correlated with primary tumor osteoproductivity. Results Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor, and this signaling axis mediates OS migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities. In OS‐bearing dogs, circulating bone alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with primary tumor relative bone mineral densities. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and functional endothelin A receptors, with the potential for a protumorigenic signaling loop. Increases in bone alkaline phosphatase activity are associated with osteoblastic OS lesions, and might be an epiphenomenon of active endothelin‐1 signaling or excessive osteoproduction within the localized bone microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Neumann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - H C Pondenis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - A Masyr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - M L Byrum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - K L Wycislo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - T M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|