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Farrell KB, Das S, Nordeen SK, Lambert JR, Thamm DH. VDX-111 targets proliferative pathways in canine cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303470. [PMID: 38771847 PMCID: PMC11108205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
VDX-111 (also identified as AMPI-109) is a vitamin D derivative which has shown anticancer activity. To further assess the function of this compound against multiple cancer types, we examined the efficacy of VDX-111 against a panel of 30 well characterized canine cancer cell lines. Across a variety of cancer types, VDX-111 induced widely variable growth inhibition, cell death, and migration inhibition, at concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 1 μM. Growth inhibition sensitivity did not correlate strongly with tumor cell histotype; however, it was significantly correlated with the expression of genes in multiple cell signaling pathways, including the MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. We confirmed inhibition of these signaling pathways as likely participants in the effects of VDX-111. These results suggest that a subset of canine tumors may be sensitive to treatment with VDX-111, and suggests possible predictive markers of drug sensitivity and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of drug exposure that could be employed in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B. Farrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Sunetra Das
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Steven K. Nordeen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - James R. Lambert
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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2
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Chatterji P, Xing G, Furst L, Dave K, Zhou Q, LaBarbera DV, Thamm DH, Eaton JK, Wawer MJ, Viswanathan VS. Validation of ferroptosis in canine cancer cells to enable comparative oncology and translational medicine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.28.591561. [PMID: 38746359 PMCID: PMC11092520 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.591561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a cell death mechanism that has attracted significant attention as a potential basis for the development of new cancer therapies. Validation of ferroptosis biology in species commonly used in translation and pre-clinical development is a necessary foundation for enabling the advancement of such ferroptosis modulating drugs. Here, we demonstrate that canine cancer cells exhibit sensitivity to a wide range of ferroptosis-inducing perturbations in a manner indistinguishable from human cancer cells, and recapitulate characteristic patterns of ferroptotic response across tumor types seen in the human setting. The foundation provided herein establishes the dog as a relevant efficacy and toxicology model for ferroptosis and creates new opportunities to leverage the canine comparative oncology paradigm to accelerate the development of ferroptosis-inducing drugs for human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Gang Xing
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Laura Furst
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Krishna Dave
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Qiong Zhou
- The CU Anschutz Center for Drug Discovery, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- The CU Anschutz Center for Drug Discovery, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - John K Eaton
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Mathias J Wawer
- Kojin Therapeutics, 451 D Street, Suite 502, Boston, MA 02210
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3
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Cao JW, Lake J, Impastato R, Chow L, Perez L, Chubb L, Kurihara J, Verneris MR, Dow S. Targeting osteosarcoma with canine B7-H3 CAR T cells and impact of CXCR2 Co-expression on functional activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:77. [PMID: 38554158 PMCID: PMC10981605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of large animal spontaneous models of solid cancers, such as dogs with osteosarcoma (OS), can help develop new cancer immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The goal of the present study was to generate canine CAR T cells targeting the B7-H3 (CD276) co-stimulatory molecule overexpressed by several solid cancers, including OS in both humans and dogs, and to assess their ability to recognize B7-H3 expressed by canine OS cell lines or by canine tumors in xenograft models. A second objective was to determine whether a novel dual CAR that expressed a chemokine receptor together with the B7-H3 CAR improved the activity of the canine CAR T cells. Therefore, in the studies reported here we examined B7-H3 expression by canine OS tumors, evaluated target engagement by canine B7-H3 CAR T cells in vitro, and compared the relative effectiveness of B7-H3 CAR T cells versus B7-H3-CXCR2 dual CAR T cells in canine xenograft models. We found that most canine OS tumors expressed B7-H3; whereas, levels were undetectable on normal dog tissues. Both B7-H3 CAR T cells demonstrated activation and OS-specific target killing in vitro, but there was significantly greater cytokine production by B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells. In canine OS xenograft models, little anti-tumor activity was generated by B7-H3 CAR T cells; whereas, B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth, inducing complete tumor elimination in most treated mice. These findings indicated therefore that addition of a chemokine receptor could significantly improve the anti-tumor activity of canine B7-H3 CAR T cells, and that evaluation of this new dual CAR construct in dogs with primary or metastatic OS is warranted since such studies could provide a critical and realistic validation of the chemokine receptor concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Renata Impastato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luisanny Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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4
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Romanucci M, De Maria R, Morello EM, Della Salda L. Editorial: Canine osteosarcoma as a model in comparative oncology: Advances and perspective. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141666. [PMID: 36798142 PMCID: PMC9927381 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy,*Correspondence: Mariarita Romanucci ✉
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5
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Sapino S, Chindamo G, Chirio D, Morel S, Peira E, Vercelli C, Gallarate M. Nanocarriers in Veterinary Medicine: A Challenge for Improving Osteosarcoma Conventional Treatments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4501. [PMID: 36558354 PMCID: PMC9785518 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, and others, have been explored to target and treat a wide variety of diseases. Their employment has brought many benefits, not only to human medicine but also to veterinary medicine, albeit at a slower rate. Soon, the use of nanocarriers could revolutionize the animal health sector, and many veterinary therapies will be more effective as a result. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the main applications of nanocarriers in the veterinary field, from supplements for animal health and reproduction to nanovaccines and nanotherapies. Among the major pathologies that can affect animals, special attention is given to canine osteosarcoma (OSA): a comparison with human OSA is provided and the main treatment options are reviewed emphasizing the benefits that nanocarriers could bring in the treatment of this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sapino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Chindamo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Chirio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Morel
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Peira
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Vercelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marina Gallarate
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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6
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Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Morrill K, Li X, Johnson J, Karlsson EK, London CA, Gardner HL. The genomic landscape of canine osteosarcoma cell lines reveals conserved structural complexity and pathway alterations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274383. [PMID: 36099278 PMCID: PMC9469990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of immortalized canine osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines used for research has historically been based on phenotypic features such as cellular morphology and expression of bone specific markers. With the increasing use of these cell lines to investigate novel therapeutic approaches prior to in vivo translation, a much more detailed understanding regarding the genomic landscape of these lines is required to ensure accurate interpretation of findings. Here we report the first whole genome characterization of eight canine OS cell lines, including single nucleotide variants, copy number variants and other structural variants. Many alterations previously characterized in primary canine OS tissue were observed in these cell lines, including TP53 mutations, MYC copy number gains, loss of CDKN2A, PTEN, DLG2, MAGI2, and RB1 and structural variants involving SETD2, DLG2 and DMD. These data provide a new framework for understanding how best to incorporate in vitro findings generated using these cell lines into the design of future clinical studies involving dogs with spontaneous OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason Turner-Maier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Morrill
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xue Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Beck J, Ren L, Huang S, Berger E, Bardales K, Mannheimer J, Mazcko C, LeBlanc A. Canine and murine models of osteosarcoma. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:399-414. [PMID: 35341404 PMCID: PMC9290378 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221083038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. Despite efforts to develop and implement new therapies, patient outcomes have not measurably improved since the 1980s. Metastasis continues to be the main source of patient mortality, with 30% of cases developing metastatic disease within 5 years of diagnosis. Research models are critical in the advancement of cancer research and include a variety of species. For example, xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models provide opportunities to study human tumor cells in vivo while transgenic models have offered significant insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OS development. A growing recognition of naturally occurring cancers in companion species has led to new insights into how veterinary patients can contribute to studies of cancer biology and drug development. The study of canine cases, including the use of diagnostic tissue archives and clinical trials, offers a potential mechanism to further canine and human cancer research. Advancement in the field of OS research requires continued development and appropriate use of animal models. In this review, animal models of OS are described with a focus on the mouse and tumor-bearing pet dog as parallel and complementary models of human OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ren
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Kathleen Bardales
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Małkiewicz B, Szydełko T, Pawlak A. Characteristics and Applications of Canine In Vitro Models of Bladder Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: An Up-to-Date Mini Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040516. [PMID: 35203224 PMCID: PMC8868259 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer (BC) in dogs is often lethal at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, there is a constant need for novel research on improvements of its characterization and treatment. Due to high cost and limited number of available dog patients, in vitro models of canine BC have been increasingly used for the last 25 years. In the present article, we present existing in vitro models of canine BC, including available simple (two-dimensional) and more complex (three-dimensional) models. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) constitutes approximately 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. It is characterized by a devastating clinical course in most cases, which emphasizes a constant need for the development of novel methods of disease characterization and treatment. Over the past years, advances in cell engineering have resulted in the development of various canine in vitro models of BC, emerging as complements for in vivo research. In this article, we aimed to review the available data on existing in vitro models of canine BC, focusing primarily on their characteristics, applications in veterinary medicine, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used in vitro models of canine BC comprise immortalized cell lines grown as adherent monolayers. They provide an unlimited supply of research material, however, they do not faithfully reflect the conditions prevailing in vivo, since the spatial cellular interactions are lost. The importance of the three-dimensional (3D) features of solid tumors in relation to carcinogenesis or drug response process has resulted in the development of the first canine 3D models of BC available for in vitro research. So far, results obtained with in vitro and in vivo research should be interpreted together. With the constantly growing complexity of in vitro models of BC cancer, animal-based research might be reduced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (Ł.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Ł.N.); (A.P.)
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9
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Das S, Idate R, Regan DP, Fowles JS, Lana SE, Thamm DH, Gustafson DL, Duval DL. Immune pathways and TP53 missense mutations are associated with longer survival in canine osteosarcoma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1178. [PMID: 34635775 PMCID: PMC8505454 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma affects about 2.8% of dogs with cancer, with a one-year survival rate of approximately 45%. The purpose of this study was to characterize mutation and expression profiles of osteosarcoma and its association with outcome in dogs. The number of somatic variants identified across 26 samples ranged from 145 to 2,697 with top recurrent mutations observed in TP53 and SETD2. Additionally, 47 cancer genes were identified with copy number variations. Missense TP53 mutation status and low pre-treatment blood monocyte counts were associated with a longer disease-free interval (DFI). Patients with longer DFI also showed increased transcript levels of anti-tumor immune response genes. Although, T-cell and myeloid cell quantifications were not significantly associated with outcome; immune related genes, PDL-1 and CD160, were correlated with T-cell abundance. Overall, the association of gene expression and mutation profiles to outcome provides insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Das
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Rupa Idate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jared S Fowles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Susan E Lana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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10
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Gustafson DL, Collins KP, Fowles JS, Ehrhart EJ, Weishaar KM, Das S, Duval DL, Thamm DH. Prospective clinical trial testing COXEN-based gene expression models of chemosensitivity in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:699-712. [PMID: 34263337 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a prospective clinical trial in dogs with osteosarcoma testing a gene expression model (GEM) predicting the chemosensitivity of tumors to carboplatin (CARBO) or doxorubicin (DOX) developed using the COXEN method. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were enrolled in this trial. RNA isolation and gene expression profiling were conducted with 2 biopsies for 54/63 screened tumors, and with a single biopsy for 9 tumors. Resulting gene expression data were used for calculation of a COXEN score for CARBO and DOX based on a previous study showing the significance of this predictor on patient outcome utilizing retrospective data (BMC Bioinformatics 17:93). Dogs were assigned adjuvant CARBO, DOX or the combination based on the results of the COXEN score following surgical removal of the tumor via amputation and were monitored for disease progression by chest radiograph every 2 months. RESULTS The COXEN predictor of chemosensitivity to CARBO or DOX was not a significant predictor of progression-free interval or overall survival for the trial participants. The calculation of DOX COXEN score using gene expression data from two independent biopsies of the same tumor were highly correlated (P < 0.0001), whereas the calculated CARBO COXEN score was not (P = 0.3039). CONCLUSION The COXEN predictor of chemosensitivity to CARBO or DOX is not a significant predictor of outcome when utilized in this prospective study. This trial represents the first prospective trial of a GEM predictor of chemosensitivity and establishes pet dogs with cancer as viable surrogates for prospective trials of prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Keagan P Collins
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jared S Fowles
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sunetra Das
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Regan DP, Chow L, Das S, Haines L, Palmer E, Kurihara JN, Coy JW, Mathias A, Thamm DH, Gustafson DL, Dow SW. Losartan Blocks Osteosarcoma-Elicited Monocyte Recruitment, and Combined With the Kinase Inhibitor Toceranib, Exerts Significant Clinical Benefit in Canine Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:662-676. [PMID: 34580111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing recognition that progress in immuno-oncology could be accelerated by evaluating immune-based therapies in dogs with spontaneous cancers. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one tumor for which limited clinical benefit has been observed with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We previously reported the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan suppressed metastasis in preclinical mouse models through blockade of CCL2-CCR2 monocyte recruitment. Here we leverage dogs with spontaneous OS to determine losartan's safety and pharmacokinetics associated with monocyte pharmacodynamic endpoints, and assess its antitumor activity, in combination with the kinase inhibitor toceranib. PATIENTS AND METHODS CCL2 expression, monocyte infiltration, and monocyte recruitment by human and canine OS tumors and cell lines were assessed by gene expression, ELISA, and transwell migration assays. Safety and efficacy of losartan-toceranib therapy were evaluated in 28 dogs with lung metastatic OS. Losartan PK and monocyte PD responses were assessed in three dose cohorts of dogs by chemotaxis, plasma CCL2, and multiplex cytokine assays, and RNA-seq of losartan-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Human and canine OS cells secrete CCL2 and elicit monocyte migration, which is inhibited by losartan. Losartan PK/PD studies in dogs revealed that a 10-fold-higher dose than typical antihypertensive dosing was required for blockade of monocyte migration. Treatment with high-dose losartan and toceranib was well-tolerated and induced a clinical benefit rate of 50% in dogs with lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS Losartan inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis, and in combination with toceranib, exerts significant biological activity in dogs with metastatic osteosarcoma, supporting evaluation of this drug combination in patients with pediatric osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sunetra Das
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurel Haines
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Eric Palmer
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jade N Kurihara
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jonathan W Coy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Alissa Mathias
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven W Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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12
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Alfino LN, Wilczewski-Shirai KC, Cronise KE, Coy J, Glapa K, Ehrhart EJ, Charles JB, Duval DL, Regan DP. Role of Periostin Expression in Canine Osteosarcoma Biology and Clinical Outcome. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:981-993. [PMID: 33685296 PMCID: PMC8426451 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821996671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein important in regulating bone, tooth, and cardiac development. In pathologic conditions, periostin drives allergic and fibrotic inflammatory diseases and is also overexpressed in certain cancers. Periostin signaling in tumors has been shown to promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell survival in rodent models, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human glioblastoma. However, the role of periostin in regulating tumorigenesis of canine cancers has not been evaluated. Given its role in bone development, we sought to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of periostin in canine osteosarcoma (OS) and assess its association with patient outcome. We validated an anti-human periostin antibody cross-reactive to canine periostin via western blot and immunohistochemistry and evaluated periostin expression in microarray data from 49 primary canine OS tumors and 8 normal bone samples. Periostin mRNA was upregulated greater than 40-fold in canine OS tumors compared to normal bone and was significantly correlated with periostin protein expression based on quantitative image analysis. However, neither periostin mRNA nor protein expression were associated with time to metastasis in this cohort. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated significant enhancement of pro-tumorigenic pathways including canonical WNT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis in periostin-high tumors, while periostin-low tumors demonstrated evidence of heightened antitumor immune responses. Overall, these data identify a novel antibody that can be used as a tool for evaluation of periostin expression in dogs and suggest that investigation of Wnt pathway-targeted drugs in periostin overexpressing canine OS may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Coy
- 3447Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - E J Ehrhart
- Ethos Diagnostic Science, Wheat Ridge, CO, USA
| | | | - Dawn L Duval
- 3447Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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13
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Gola C, Giannuzzi D, Rinaldi A, Iussich S, Modesto P, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, De Maria R. Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines: A Valuable Resource in Translational Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666838. [PMID: 34079834 PMCID: PMC8165228 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common primary bone tumor in dogs and is characterized by a highly aggressive behavior. Cell lines represent one of the most suitable and reproducible pre-clinical models, and therefore the knowledge of their molecular landscape is mandatory to investigate oncogenic mechanisms and drug response. The present study aims at determining variants, putative driver genes, and gene expression aberrations by integrating whole-exome and RNA sequencing. For this purpose, eight canine OSA cell lines and one matched pair of primary tumor and normal tissue were analyzed. Overall, cell lines revealed a mean tumor mutational burden of 9.6 mutations/Mb (range 3.9–16.8). Several known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as ALK, MYC, and MET, were prioritized as having a likely role in canine OSA. Mutations in eight genes, previously described as human OSA drivers and including TP53, PTCH1, MED12, and PI3KCA, were retrieved in our cell lines. When variants were cross-referenced with human OSA driver mutations, the E273K mutation of TP53 was identified in the Wall cell line and tumor sample. The transcriptome profiling detected two possible p53 inactivation mechanisms in the Wall cell line on the one hand, and in D17 and D22 on the other. Moreover, MET overexpression, potentially leading to MAPK/ERK pathway activation, was observed in D17 and D22 cell lines. In conclusion, our data provide the molecular characterization of a large number of canine OSA cell lines, allowing future investigations on potential therapeutic targets and associated biomarkers. Notably, the Wall cell line represents a valuable model to empower prospective in vitro studies both in human and in dogs, since the TP53 driver mutation was maintained during cell line establishment and was widely reported as a mutation hotspot in several human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, Universit'a della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology-Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria, and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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14
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Webster JD, Solon M, Gibson-Corley KN. Validating Immunohistochemistry Assay Specificity in Investigative Studies: Considerations for a Weight of Evidence Approach. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:829-840. [PMID: 32975488 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820960132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a fundamental molecular technique that provides information on protein expression in the context of spatial localization and tissue morphology. IHC is used in all facets of pathology from identifying infectious agents or characterizing tumors in diagnostics, to characterizing cellular and molecular processes in investigative and experimental studies. Confidence in an IHC assay is primarily driven by the degree to which it is validated. There are many approaches to validate an IHC assay's specificity including bioinformatics approaches using published protein sequences, careful design of positive and negative tissue controls, use of cell pellets with known target protein expression, corroboration of IHC findings with western blots and other analytical methods, and replacement of the primary antibody with an appropriate negative control reagent. Each approach has inherent strengths and weaknesses, and the thoughtful use of these approaches provides cumulative evidence, or a weight of evidence, to support the IHC assay's specificity and build confidence in a study's conclusions. Although it is difficult to be 100% confident in the specificity of any IHC assay, it is important to consider how validation approaches provide evidence to support or to question the specificity of labeling, and how that evidence affects the overall interpretation of a study's results. In this review, we discuss different approaches for IHC antibody validation, with an emphasis on the characterization of antibody specificity in investigative studies. While this review is not prescriptive, it is hoped that it will be thought provoking when considering the interpretation of IHC results.
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15
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Byer B, Schlein LJ, Rose B, Séguin B. In-vitro effects of taurolidine alone and in combination with mitoxantrone and/or piroxicam on canine transitional cell carcinoma. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:115-123. [PMID: 32255906 PMCID: PMC7088828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate taurolidine as a therapy for transitional cell carcinomas in canine patients. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common cancer of the urinary bladder in dogs and accounts for approximately 2% of reported malignancies in this species. There is no cure for this neoplasm and most dogs are lost from complications associated with progression of the local disease. Taurolidine has been shown to have anti-tumor and antiangiogenic effects against a variety of neoplasms in human and animal models. Four canine TCC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of taurolidine, mitoxantrone, and piroxicam alone. In addition, combinations of taurolidine/mitoxantrone, taurolidine/piroxicam, mitoxantrone/piroxicam, and taurolidine/mitoxantrone/piroxicam were assessed. Susceptibility of the TCC cell lines was based on a 72-hour growth inhibition assay using resazurin with absorbance measured at λ530/590. The ability of taurolidine to induce apoptosis was evaluated on 2 of the cell lines with an Annexin-V/propidium iodide assay. All cell lines were susceptible to treatment with taurolidine, mitoxantrone, and piroxicam alone. The results of the combination therapies of the 3 drugs were dependent on cell line and concentration and revealed no change in cell growth inhibition, a subadditive relationship, or a synergistic relationship. Taurolidine induced apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Taurolidine alone showed significant effects on cell viability in vitro in canine TCC cell lines and these effects can be potentially enhanced with the addition of mitoxantrone and/or piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Byer
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Lisa J Schlein
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Barbara Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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16
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Robin T, Capes-Davis A, Bairoch A. CLASTR: The Cellosaurus STR similarity search tool - A precious help for cell line authentication. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1299-1306. [PMID: 31444973 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increased awareness of the problematic of cell line cross-contamination and misidentification, it remains nowadays a major source of erroneous experimental results in biomedical research. To prevent it, researchers are expected to frequently test the authenticity of the cell lines they are working on. STR profiling was selected as the international reference method to perform cell line authentication. While the experimental protocols and manipulations for generating a STR profile are well described, the available tools and workflows to analyze such data are lacking. The Cellosaurus knowledge resource aimed to improve the situation by compiling all the publicly available STR profiles from the literature and other databases. As a result, it grew to become the largest database in terms of human STR profiles, with 6,474 distinct cell lines having an associated STR profile (release July 31, 2019). Here we present CLASTR, the Cellosaurus STR similarity search tool enabling users to compare one or more STR profiles with those available in the Cellosaurus cell line knowledge resource. It aims to help researchers in the process of cell line authentication by providing numerous functionalities. The tool is publicly accessible on the SIB ExPASy server (https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus-str-search) and its source code is available on GitHub under the GPL-3.0 license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Robin
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Microbiology and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Amos Bairoch
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Microbiology and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Alegre F, Ormonde AR, Godinez DR, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Wittenburg LA. The interaction between RUNX2 and core binding factor beta as a potential therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:52-63. [PMID: 31381810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary bone tumour in dogs with half of affected dogs unable to survive 1 year beyond diagnosis. New therapeutic options are needed to improve outcomes for this disease. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic targets have focused on cell surface molecules with little clear therapeutic benefit. Transcription factors and protein interactions represent underdeveloped areas of therapeutic drug development. We have utilized allosteric inhibitors of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, comprised of core binding factor beta (CBFβ) and RUNX2, in four canine osteosarcoma cell lines Active inhibitor compounds demonstrate anti-tumour activities with concentrations demonstrated to be achievable in vivo while an inactive, structural analogue has no activity. We show that CBFβ inhibitors are capable of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting clonogenic cell growth, altering cell cycle progression and impeding migration and invasion in a cell line-dependent manner. These effects coincide with a reduced interaction between RUNX2 and CBFβ and alterations in expression of RUNX2 target genes. We also show that addition of CBFβ inhibitors to the commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin leads to additive and/or synergistic anti-proliferative effects in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, we have identified the interaction between components of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, RUNX2 and CBFβ, as a potential novel therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma and provide justification for further investigations into the anti-tumour activities we describe here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda R Ormonde
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dayn R Godinez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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18
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Corrigendum: The Flint Animal Cancer Center (FACC) canine tumor cell line panel: a resource for veterinary drug discovery, comparative oncology and translational medicine. Vet Comp Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Plumbagin-induced oxidative stress leads to inhibition of Na +/K +-ATPase (NKA) in canine cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11471. [PMID: 31391478 PMCID: PMC6685937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) complex is the master regulator of membrane potential and a target for anti-cancer therapies. Here, we investigate the effect of drug-induced oxidative stress on NKA activity. The natural product, plumbagin increases oxygen radicals through inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. As a result, plumbagin treatment results in decreased production of ATP and a rapid increase in intracellular oxygen radicals. We show that plumbagin induces apoptosis in canine cancer cells via oxidative stress. We use this model to test the effect of oxidative stress on NKA activity. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology we demonstrate that short-term exposure (4 min) to plumbagin results in 48% decrease in outward current at +50 mV. Even when exogenous ATP was supplied to the cells, plumbagin treatment resulted in 46% inhibition of outward current through NKA at +50 mV. In contrast, when the canine cancer cells were pre-treated with the oxygen radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, the NKA inhibitory activity of plumbagin was abrogated. These experiments demonstrate that the oxidative stress-causing agents such as plumbagin and its analogues, are a novel avenue to regulate NKA activity in tumors.
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20
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Das S, Idate R, Cronise KE, Gustafson DL, Duval DL. Identifying Candidate Druggable Targets in Canine Cancer Cell Lines Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1460-1471. [PMID: 31175136 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell culture has been a backbone in cancer research, in which analysis of human cell line mutational profiles often correlates with oncogene addiction and drug sensitivity. We have conducted whole-exome sequence analyses on 33 canine cancer cell lines from 10 cancer types to identify somatic variants that contribute to pathogenesis and therapeutic sensitivity. A total of 66,344 somatic variants were identified. Mutational load ranged from 15.79 to 129.37 per Mb, and 13.2% of variants were located in protein-coding regions (PCR) of 5,085 genes. PCR somatic variants were identified in 232 genes listed in the Cancer Gene Census (COSMIC). Cross-referencing variants with human driving mutations on cBioPortal identified 61 variants as candidate cancer drivers in 30 cell lines. The most frequently mutated cancer driver was TP53 (15 mutations in 12 cell lines). No drivers were identified in three cell lines. We identified 501 non-COSMIC genes with PCR variants that functionally annotate with COSMIC genes. These genes frequently mapped to the KEGG MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. We evaluated the cell lines for ERK1/2 and AKT(S473) phosphorylation and sensitivity to the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. Twelve of the 33 cell lines were trametinib-sensitive (IC50 < 32 nmol/L), all 12 exhibited constitutive or serum-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and 8 carried MAPK pathway cancer driver variants: NF1(2), BRAF(3), N/KRAS(3). This functionally annotated database of canine cell line variants will inform hypothesis-driven preclinical research to support the use of companion animals in clinical trials to test novel combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Das
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. .,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rupa Idate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kathryn E Cronise
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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21
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Cronise KE, Hernandez BG, Gustafson DL, Duval DL. Identifying the ErbB/MAPK Signaling Cascade as a Therapeutic Target in Canine Bladder Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:36-46. [PMID: 31048548 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder comprises 2% of diagnosed canine cancers. TCC tumors are generally inoperable and unresponsive to traditional chemotherapy, indicating a need for more effective therapies. BRAF, a kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, is mutated in 70% of canine TCCs. In this study, we use BRAF mutant and wild-type TCC cell lines to characterize the role of BRAF mutations in TCC pathogenesis and assess the efficacy of inhibition of the MAPK pathway alone and in combination with other gene targets as a treatment for canine TCC. Analysis of MAPK target gene expression and assessment of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation following serum starvation indicated constitutive MAPK activity in all TCC cell lines. BRAF mutant TCC cell lines were insensitive to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, with IC50 values greater than 5 μM, but exhibited greater sensitivity to a paradox-breaking BRAF inhibitor (IC50: 0.2-1 μM). All TCC cell lines had IC50 values less than 7 nM to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor trametinib independent of their BRAF mutation status. ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased after 6-hour treatments with MAPK inhibitors, but rebounded by 24 hours, suggesting the presence of resistance mechanisms. Microarray analysis identified elevated expression of the ErbB family of receptors and ligands in TCC cell lines. The pan-ErbB inhibitor sapitinib synergized with BRAF inhibition in BRAF mutant Bliley TCC cells and synergized with MEK1/2 inhibition in Bliley and BRAF wild-type Kinsey cells. These findings suggest the potential for combined MAPK and ErbB receptor inhibition as a therapy for canine TCC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The results of this study (1) identify a novel combination strategy for canine bladder cancer treatment: targeting the ErbB/MAPK signaling cascade and (2) establish the utility of canine bladder cancer as a naturally-occurring model for human MAPK-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Cronise
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (K.E.C., B.G.H., D.L.G., D.L.D.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (K.E.C., D.L.G., D.L.D.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado (D.L.G., D.L.D.)
| | - Belen G Hernandez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (K.E.C., B.G.H., D.L.G., D.L.D.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (K.E.C., D.L.G., D.L.D.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado (D.L.G., D.L.D.)
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (K.E.C., B.G.H., D.L.G., D.L.D.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (K.E.C., D.L.G., D.L.D.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado (D.L.G., D.L.D.)
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (K.E.C., B.G.H., D.L.G., D.L.D.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (K.E.C., D.L.G., D.L.D.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado (D.L.G., D.L.D.)
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22
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Radiobiological Characterization of Canine Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines with Different Types of Ionizing Radiation and Efficacy Evaluation with Cytotoxic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040841. [PMID: 30781345 PMCID: PMC6413050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a locally and systemically aggressive cancer that shares many biological and clinical characteristics with human mucosal melanoma. Hypofractionated radiation protocols have been used to treat CMM but little is known about its radiation biology. This pilot study is designed to investigate response of CMM cell lines to various ionizing radiations and cytotoxic agents to better understand this canine cancer. Four CMM cell lines were evaluated by clonogenic survival assay under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and parameters such as alpha beta (α/β) ratio, oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) were calculated after 137Cs, 6 megavoltage (MV) photon, or carbon ion irradiation. Six cytotoxic agents (cisplatin, camptothecin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, methtyl methanesulfonate and etoposide) were also assessed for their efficacy. Under aerobic condition with 6 MV photon, the α/β ratio of the four cell lines ranged from 0.3 to >100, indicating a wide variation of cellular sensitivity. The ratio increased under hypoxic condition compared to aerobic condition and this was more dramatic in 137Cs and 6 MV photon treatments. OER of carbon was lower than 137Cs at D10 in 3 of the 4 cell lines. The RBE values generally increased with the increase of LET. Different cell lines showed sensitivity/resistance to different cytotoxic agents. This study revealed that CMM has a wide range of radiosensitivity and that hypoxia can reduce it, indicating that widely used hypofractionated protocols may not be optimal for all CMM patients. Several cytotoxic agents that have never been clinically assessed can improve treatment outcome.
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23
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Alegre F, Ormonde AR, Snider KM, Woolard K, Yu AM, Wittenburg LA. A genetically engineered microRNA-34a prodrug demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a canine model of osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209941. [PMID: 30596759 PMCID: PMC6312226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common primary bone tumor in humans and pet dogs. Little progress has been made with regard to viable treatment options in the past three decades and patients presenting with metastatic disease continue to have a poor prognosis. Recent mouse studies have suggested that microRNA-34a (miR-34a) may have anti-tumor activities in human OSA models. Due to the conservation of microRNA across species, we hypothesized that a bioengineered miR-34a prodrug (tRNA/miR-34a) would have similar effects in canine OSA, providing a valuable preclinical model for development of this therapeutic modality. Using a panel of canine OSA cell lines, we found that tRNA/miR-34a reduced viability, clonogenic growth, and migration and invasion while increasing tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, canine OSA cells successfully process the tRNA/miR-34a into mature miR-34a which reduces expression of target proteins such as platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), Notch1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, our subcutaneous OSA xenograft model demonstrated in vivo tumor growth delay, increased necrosis and apoptosis by tRNA/miR-34a, and decreased cellular proliferation ability. Taken together, these data support that this novel microRNA-based therapy may possess clinical utility in a spontaneously-occurring large animal model of OSA, which can then serve to inform the clinical development of this therapy for human OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Ormonde
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kellie M Snider
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Hartley G, Elmslie R, Murphy B, Hopkins L, Guth A, Dow S. Cancer stem cell populations in lymphoma in dogs and impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:69-79. [PMID: 30238600 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer relapse following chemotherapy has been attributed in part to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC), which drive tumour growth and metastasis and are highly resistant to the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. As a result, treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy selects for drug-resistant CSC populations that eventually drive tumour recurrence. Little is known currently regarding the role of CSC in dogs with lymphoma, nor the impact of chemotherapy on CSC populations. Therefore, we prospectively quantitated CSC populations in dogs with B-cell (BCL) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL), using tumour aspirates and flow cytometric analysis with a panel of CSC markers. In addition, in vitro studies were carried out to determine the impact of chemotherapy resistance on the stem cell phenotype and stem cell properties of lymphoma cells. We found that the percentages of tumour cells expressing CSC markers were significantly increased in dogs with BCL, compared with B cells from normal lymph nodes. Similar findings were observed in dogs with TCL. In vitro studies revealed that lymphoma cells selected for resistance to CHOP chemotherapy had significantly upregulated expression of CSC markers, formed spheroids in culture more readily, and expressed significantly greater aldehyde dehydrogenase activity compared with chemotherapy-sensitive tumour cells. Similar results were observed in tumour samples dogs with relapsed BCL. These findings suggest that cytotoxic chemotherapy can lead to a relative enrichment of tumour cells with CSC properties, which may be associated with lymphoma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Hartley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Robyn Elmslie
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Brent Murphy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Leone Hopkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Amanda Guth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Withers SS, York D, Johnson E, Al-Nadaf S, Skorupski KA, Rodriguez CO, Burton JH, Guerrero T, Sein K, Wittenburg L, Rebhun RB. In vitro and in vivo activity of liposome-encapsulated curcumin for naturally occurring canine cancers. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:571-579. [PMID: 30088848 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has well-established anti-cancer properties in vitro, however, its therapeutic potential has been hindered by its poor bioavailability. Lipocurc is a proprietary liposome-encapsulated curcumin formulation that enables intravenous delivery and has been shown to reach its highest concentration within lung tissue. The goal of this study was to characterize the anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activity of Lipocurc in vitro, in addition to evaluating Lipocurc infusions in dogs with naturally occurring cancer. We therefore evaluated the effect of Lipocurc, relative to free curcumin, on the viability of canine osteosarcoma, melanoma and mammary carcinoma cell lines, as well as the ability of Lipocurc to inhibit endothelial cell viability, migration and tube formation. We also undertook a pilot clinical trial consisting of four weekly 8-hour Lipocurc infusions in 10 cancer-bearing dogs. Tumour cell proliferation was inhibited by curcumin at concentrations exceeding those achievable in the lung tissue of dogs. Similarly, equivalent high concentrations of Lipocurc and curcumin also inhibited endothelial cell viability, migration and tube formation. Four out of six dogs completing planned infusions of Lipocurc experienced stable disease; however, no radiographic responses were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S Withers
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory and Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Daniel York
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory and Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eric Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Jenna H Burton
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Teri Guerrero
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kriste Sein
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Luke Wittenburg
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory and Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory and Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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26
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Pyuen AA, Meuten T, Rose BJ, Thamm DH. In vitro effects of PI3K/mTOR inhibition in canine hemangiosarcoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200634. [PMID: 30011343 PMCID: PMC6047806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While extremely rare in humans, hemangiosarcoma (HSA) accounts for nearly 2% of canine neoplasia, and is characterized by both aggressive local growth/invasion and a high rate of metastasis. Both canine and human HSA exhibit sustained aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway signaling. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, VDC-597, in three canine HSA cell lines (DEN-, CIN-, and SB-HSA). VDC-597 suppressed activation of both Akt and 4eBP1 in canine HSA cells in a dose-dependent fashion, with an IC50 of approximately 0.3 uM, a concentration predicted to be clinically achievable based on preliminary early-phase canine and human studies. VDC-597 dose-dependently reduced proliferation, migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor production in HSA cells, while promoting tumor cell apoptosis. VDC-597 demonstrated additive antiproliferative effects when combined with doxorubicin. These results suggest that inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway may act against multiple components of the neoplastic process, including proliferation/apoptosis, chemosensitivity, migration, and angiogenesis, and justify the evaluation of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in canine, and potentially human, HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Pyuen
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Travis Meuten
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zuiverloon TC, de Jong FC, Costello JC, Theodorescu D. Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:169-183. [PMID: 29732388 PMCID: PMC5929350 DOI: 10.3233/blc-180167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) cell lines are indispensable in basic and preclinical research. Currently, an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of available BC cell lines is not available. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview and resources on the origin, pathological and molecular characteristics of commonly used human, murine and canine BC cell lines. METHODS A PubMed search was performed for relevant articles published between 1980 and 2017 according to the following MeSH terms: cell line; cell line, tumor; urinary bladder neoplasms; carcinoma, transitional cell. The Cellosaurus database was searched, using the term "bladder" and/or "urothelial carcinoma". We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS We provide information on 157 human, murine and canine BC cell lines. 103 human BC cell lines have molecular data available, of which 69 have been profiled by at least one "omic" technology. We outline how these cell lines are currently being used for in vitro and in vivo experimental models. These results allow direct comparison of BC cell lines to patient samples, providing information needed to make informed decisions on the most genomically appropriate cell line to answer research questions. Furthermore, we show that cross-contamination remains an issue and describe guidelines for prevention. CONCLUSIONS In the BC field, multiple human, murine and canine BC cell lines have been developed and many have become indispensable for in vitro and in vivo research. High-throughput -omic technologies have dramatically increased the amount of molecular data on these cell lines. We synthesized a comprehensive overview of these data as a resource for the BC scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlita C.M. Zuiverloon
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Florus C. de Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James C. Costello
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Takada M, Parys M, Gregory-Bryson E, Vilar Saavedra P, Kiupel M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. A novel canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line: initial characterization and utilization for drug screening studies. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:237. [PMID: 29490634 PMCID: PMC5831740 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare disorder in humans, however it is seen with appreciable frequency in certain breeds of dogs, such as Bernese mountain dog. The purpose of this study was to fully characterize a novel canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line, and utilize it as a tool to screen for potential therapeutic drugs. Methods The histiocytic sarcoma cell line was characterized by expression of cellular markers as determined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry techniques. The neoplastic cells were also evaluated for their capability of phagocytizing beads particles, and their potential to grow as xenograft in an immunodeficient mouse. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of a panel of thirteen compounds using the MTS proliferation assay. Inhibitory effects of different drugs were compared using one-way ANOVA, and multiple means were compared using Tukey’s test. Results Neoplastic cells expressed CD11c, CD14, CD18, CD45, CD172a, CD204, MHC I, and vimentin. Expression of MHC II was upregulated after exposure to LPS. Furthermore, the established cell line clearly demonstrated phagocytic activity similar to positive controls of macrophage cell line. The xenograft mouse developed a palpable subcutaneous soft tissue mass after 29 days of inoculation, which histologically resembled the primary neoplasm. Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase pan-inhibitor, significantly inhibited the growth of the cells in vitro within a clinically achievable and tolerable plasma concentration. The inhibitory response to dasatinib was augmented when combined with doxorubicin. Conclusions In the present study we demonstrated that a novel canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line presents a valuable tool to evaluate novel treatment approaches. The neoplastic cell line favorably responded to dasatinib, which represents a promising anticancer strategy for the treatment of this malignancy in dogs and similar disorders in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4132-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Takada
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maciej Parys
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Present address: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Emmalena Gregory-Bryson
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Paulo Vilar Saavedra
- Small Animal Clinical Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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29
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Sultan F, Ganaie BA. Comparative oncology: Integrating human and veterinary medicine. Open Vet J 2018; 8:25-34. [PMID: 29445618 PMCID: PMC5806664 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes the major health problem both in human and veterinary medicine. Comparative oncology as an integrative approach offers to learn more about naturally occurring cancers across different species. Canine models have many advantages as they experience spontaneous disease, have many genes similar to human genes, five to seven-fold accelerated ageing compared to humans, respond to treatments similarly as humans do and health care levels second only to humans. Also, the clinical trials in canines could generate more robust data, as their spontaneous nature mimics real-life situations and could be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Sultan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, GADVASU-Ludhiana Punjab-141004, India
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30
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Hartley G, Elmslie R, Dow S, Guth A. Checkpoint molecule expression by B and T cell lymphomas in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:352-360. [PMID: 29380929 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein were shown to be effective for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people, but little is known about the expression of PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 by canine lymphoma. Therefore, flow cytometry was used to analyse expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in canine lymphoma, using fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes from 34 dogs with B cell lymphoma (BCL), 6 dogs with T cell lymphoma (TCL) and 11 dogs that had relapsed. Furthermore, fine-needle aspirates were obtained from 17 healthy dogs for comparison. Lastly, the impact of chemotherapy resistance on expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was assessed in vitro. These studies revealed increased expression of PD-L1 by malignant B cells compared to normal B cells. In the case of TCL, tumour cells and normal T cells both showed low to negative expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. In addition, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes from both BCL and TCL had increased expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 expression compared to B and T cells from lymph nodes of healthy animals. In vitro, chemotherapy-resistant BCL and TCL cell lines exhibited increases in both PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, compared to non-chemotherapy selected tumour cells. These findings indicate that canine lymphomas exhibit upregulated checkpoint molecule expression, though the impact of checkpoint molecule expression on tumour biological behaviour remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hartley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - R Elmslie
- Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, Colorado
| | - S Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A Guth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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31
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Sloan CQ, Rodriguez CO. In vitro effects of doxorubicin and tetrathiomolybdate on canine hemangiosarcoma cells. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:219-225. [PMID: 29359968 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro effects of doxorubicin and tetrathiomolybdate (TM) on cells from a canine hemangiosarcoma cell line. SAMPLE Cultured cells from the canine hemangiosarcoma-derived cell line DEN-HSA. PROCEDURES Cells were treated with TM (0 to 1.5μM), doxorubicin (0 to 5μM), or both with or without 24 hours of pretreatment with ascorbic acid (750μM). Degree of cellular cytotoxicity was measured with a colorimetric assay. Long-term growth inhibition was assessed with a 10-day colony-formation assay. Induction of apoptosis was quantitated by fluorometric assessment of caspase-3 and -7 activation. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also detected fluorometrically. RESULTS Exposure of cells to the combination of TM and doxorubicin resulted in a greater decrease in proliferation and clonogenic survival rates than exposure to each drug alone. This treatment combination increased ROS formation and apoptosis to a greater extent than did doxorubicin or TM alone. Ascorbic acid inhibited both TM-induced ROS formation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the enhancement in cytotoxic effects observed with DEN-HSA cell exposure to the combination of doxorubicin and TM was achieved through an increase in ROS production. These findings provide a rationale for a clinical trial of this treatment combination in dogs with hemangiosarcoma.
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32
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Lai YC, Ushio N, Rahman MM, Katanoda Y, Ogihara K, Naya Y, Moriyama A, Iwanaga T, Saitoh Y, Sogawa T, Sunaga T, Momoi Y, Izumi H, Miyoshi N, Endo Y, Fujiki M, Kawaguchi H, Miura N. Aberrant expression of microRNAs and the miR-1/MET pathway in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:288-296. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-C. Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - N. Ushio
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - M. M. Rahman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Y. Katanoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - K. Ogihara
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Y. Naya
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - A. Moriyama
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories; Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Iwanaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Saitoh
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Sogawa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Sunaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Momoi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Izumi
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories; Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kagoshima Japan
| | - N. Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Endo
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M. Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - N. Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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Villarnovo D, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Richards KL. Barking up the right tree: advancing our understanding and treatment of lymphoma with a spontaneous canine model. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:359-366. [PMID: 28426554 PMCID: PMC5553274 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spontaneous lymphoma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as an ideal model for studying the disease in humans and for developing new targeted therapeutics for patients. Increasing interest by funding agencies, the private sector, and multidisciplinary academic collaborations between different disciplines and sectors now enables large knowledge gaps to be addressed and provides additional proof-of-concept examples to showcase the significance of the canine model. RECENT FINDINGS The current review addresses the rationale for a canine lymphoma model including the valuable role it can play in drug development, serving as a link between mouse xenograft models and human clinical trials and the infrastructure that is now in place to facilitate these studies. Research in this field has focused on filling in the gaps to make the canine lymphoma model more robust. These advances have included work on biomarkers, detection of minimal residual disease, expansion of genomic and proteomic data, and immunotherapy. SUMMARY Incorporating pet dogs into the drug development pipeline can improve the efficiency and predictability of preclinical models and decrease the time and cost required for a therapeutic target to be translated into clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Villarnovo
- aDepartment of Biomedical Sciences bDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca cSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center dDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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34
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Intrinsic Radiosensitivity and Cellular Characterization of 27 Canine Cancer Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156689. [PMID: 27257868 PMCID: PMC4892608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cancer cell lines have progressively been developed, but are still underused resources for radiation biology research. Measurement of the cellular intrinsic radiosensitivity is important because understanding the difference may provide a framework for further elucidating profiles for prediction of radiation therapy response. Our studies have focused on characterizing diverse canine cancer cell lines in vitro and understanding parameters that might contribute to intrinsic radiosensitivity. First, intrinsic radiosensitivity of 27 canine cancer cell lines derived from ten tumor types was determined using a clonogenic assay. The 27 cell lines had varying radiosensitivities regardless tumor type (survival fraction at 2 Gy, SF2 = 0.19-0.93). In order to understand parameters that might contribute to intrinsic radiosensitivity, we evaluated the relationships of cellular radiosensitivity with basic cellular characteristics of the cell lines. There was no significant correlation of SF2 with S-phase fraction, doubling time, chromosome number, ploidy, or number of metacentric chromosomes, while there was a statistically significant correlation between SF2 and plating efficiency. Next, we selected the five most radiosensitive cell lines as the radiosensitive group and the five most radioresistant cell lines as the radioresistant group. Then, we evaluated known parameters for cell killing by ionizing radiation, including radiation-induced DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and apoptosis, in the radiosensitive group as compared to the radioresistant group. High levels of residual γ-H2AX foci at the sites of DSBs were present in the four out of the five radiosensitive canine cancer cell lines. Our studies suggested that substantial differences in intrinsic radiosensitivity exist in canine cancer cell lines, and radiation-induced DSB repair was related to radiosensitivity, which is consistent with previous human studies. These data may assist further investigations focusing on the detection of DSB for predicting individual response to radiation therapy for dogs, regardless of tumor type.
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