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Nankemann J, Holland M, Glamann S, Cole R, Stockler J, Moon R. Spinal lymphoma in a goat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:199-202. [PMID: 38349192 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old Pygmy Wether was presented for chronic hindlimb paralysis. A neurological exam revealed nonambulatory paraplegia with absent deep pain nociception, lack of hindlimb withdrawal reflexes, and paraspinal pain on palpation with T3 to L3 neurolocalization. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed an extensive, dorsal to dorsolateral, severely compressive, heterogeneously contrast-enhancing extradural lesion of the lumbar spine with intervertebral foraminal extension into the surrounding paraspinal musculature. Vertebral bone marrow involvement was also noted in the L5 and L6 vertebrae. A diagnosis of lymphoma was obtained after cytological sampling. This is the first case report describing specific MRI findings (signal characteristics, enhancement pattern, and perilesional changes) in a goat with paraspinal lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Nankemann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Merrilee Holland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha Glamann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert Cole
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jenna Stockler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Rachel Moon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Massie AM, Skorupski K, Vernau W, McLarty E, Brady RV, Vernau KM. Large T-cell extradural lymphoma with concurrent marked cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2492-2497. [PMID: 37849352 PMCID: PMC10658537 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old male pit bull terrier was presented for a 4-day history of progressive tetraparesis and cervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extradural mass within the left lateral vertebral canal extending from caudal C5 to mid-T2. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated marked (90%) eosinophilic inflammation. A C6-7 dorsal laminectomy and C7-T2 left hemilaminectomy were done, with gross disease remaining. Histopathology revealed a large T cell lymphoma with marked eosinophilic infiltration. The dog underwent CHOP-based chemotherapy with resolution of clinical signs, with a similar course of therapy performed at recurrence 37 months after initial presentation. The dog was euthanized 39 months after presentation for multiorgan failure secondary to neutropenic sepsis and aspiration pneumonia. This represents a positive long-term response to multimodal treatment of extradural T-cell lymphoma within the vertebral canal associated with a marked CSF eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Massie
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ehren McLarty
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
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van den Broek DHN, Vester SC, Tobón Restrepo M, Veraa S. Sternal Abnormalities on Thoracic Radiographs of Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071233. [PMID: 37048489 PMCID: PMC10093590 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the sternum is part of the routine examination of small animal thoracic radiographs. However, descriptions on frequency and type of abnormalities are lacking. This retrospective observational study aimed to describe abnormal radiographic findings of the sternum in a cross-section of client-owned dogs and cats undergoing thoracic radiography between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2021 for reasons unrelated to diseases of the sternum. The study population consisted of 777 dogs (mean age, 7.3 ± 3.9 years) and 183 cats (mean age, 7.3 ± 5.1 years). Sternal abnormalities were observed in 189/777 (24%) dogs and 53/183 (29%) cats, mostly around the intersternebral cartilages, accounting for 32/80 (40%) dogs and 20/35 (57%) cats. This was followed by an abnormal number of sternal segments (8% dogs, range 3–9 sternebrae; 15% cats, range 7–9 sternebra). Pectus excavatum was observed in 6/777 (0.8%) dogs and 6/183 (3%) cats, and pectus carinatum in 18/777 (2%) dogs and 2/183 (1%) cats. Post-traumatic changes, such as subluxation, were observed in nine dogs (1.1%) and three cats (1.6%). Presumed prostatic carcinoma metastasis and malignant lymphoma were observed in two dogs (0.2%). Incidental radiographic sternal abnormalities are common in cats and dogs but mostly of unknown clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H. N. van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siemone C. Vester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Tobón Restrepo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Foreman M, Belmudes A, Villiers E, Scarpante E. Case Report: Diffuse Lumbar Hyperostosis Causing Vertebral Canal Stenosis in a Dog With Concurrent Multicentric T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:825525. [PMID: 35812849 PMCID: PMC9258736 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.825525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old female spayed Bullmastiff-cross presented with a 24-h history of progressive paraparesis. Neurological examination was consistent with L4–S3 myelopathy. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all vertebrae showed homogenously increased short tau inversion recovery (STIR) signal with strong contrast enhancement. The vertebral canal was concentrically narrowed along the length of the L5 vertebra secondary to bony proliferation of the vertebral pedicles, dorsal lamina, and vertebral body. Cytological analysis of the peripheral lymph nodes and subsequent flow cytometry was consistent with T-cell lymphoma. The dog was euthanised due to poor prognosis. Necropsy confirmed the presence of stage V multicentric T-cell lymphoma, as well as diffuse hyperostosis of the vertebral bodies. This is the first report of presumed paraneoplastic lumbar skeletal hyperostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Foreman
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Dick White Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Max Foreman
| | - Audrey Belmudes
- Diagnostic Imaging Service, Dick White Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Villiers
- Clinical Pathology Service, Dick White Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Scarpante
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Dick White Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Streu SM, Porter IR, Menoyo AG. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1263-1266. [PMID: 34727053 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.10.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M Streu
- From the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Ian R Porter
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Aitor Gallastegui Menoyo
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Auger M, Hecht S, Springer CM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Extradural Spinal Neoplasia in 60 Dogs and Seven Cats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:610490. [PMID: 33490136 PMCID: PMC7817889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study describes the MRI features of extradural spinal neoplasia in 60 dogs and seven cats to identify potential distinguishing features between tumor classes and individual tumor types within each class. In dogs, mesenchymal tumors were most common (48%), with undifferentiated sarcomas being the predominant tumor type. Round cell neoplasms were second most common (35%), with lymphoma and multiple myeloma/plasma cell tumor comprising the majority of cases. Only two benign tumors were identified. In cats, lymphoma was most common (5/7), with one case of mesenchymal neoplasia and one case of metastatic carcinoma. Despite some overlap, certain imaging features were able to help prioritize differential diagnoses. The combined features that predicted round cell neoplasia (84%) included the preservation of vertebral shape, homogeneous contrast enhancement, and lesion centering on bone. The combined features that predicted mesenchymal neoplasia (73%) included altered vertebral shape, heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and lesion centering on paraspinal soft tissues. Round cell neoplasms were more likely to have cortical sparing, preservation of overall shape, lesion centering on bone, small soft tissue tumor size, and homogeneous contrast enhancement. Both epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms were more likely to have cortical lysis, a cavitary component to the soft tissue mass and medium to large soft tissue mass size. The findings of this study can aid in prioritizing differential diagnoses in cases of extradural spinal neoplasia in cats and dogs, which can impact case management, but tissue sampling remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Auger
- Animages, Longueuil, QC, Canada.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Cary M Springer
- Research Computing Support, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Mosca A, Greville‐Heygate O, Constantino‐Casas F, Giuliano A, Dobson JM. Mediastinal T‐cell lymphoma with presumed secondary monostotic long bone involvement in the absence of local recurrence. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mosca
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Jane M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
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Hodshon AW, Thomas WB. Transient depression of pelvic limb reflexes in dogs with acute focal thoracolumbar myelopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:1022-1031. [PMID: 30272519 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.8.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of depressed pelvic limb reflexes and changes in those reflexes over time in dogs with acute thoracolumbar myelopathy. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 34 dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with acute pelvic limb paralysis caused by acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE), fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), or compressive intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) within the T3-L3 spinal cord segments were enrolled in the study. Dogs with depressed or absent pelvic limb withdrawal reflexes as determined by 2 examiners were classified as affected and underwent additional testing to rule out multifocal lesions. Pelvic limb reflexes of affected dogs were reassessed every 12 hours until they returned to normal. Neurologic examinations were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after initial examination for some dogs. RESULTS Compressive IVDH, ANNPE, and FCE were diagnosed in 30, 1, and 3 dogs, respectively. Nine (5 with compressive IVDH and all 4 with FCE or ANNPE) of 34 (26%) dogs were classified as affected. Patellar reflexes were depressed in 2 of 9 affected dogs. The median time required for withdrawal reflexes to return to normal was 60 hours (range, 12 to 156 hours). Onset duration of paralysis was negatively associated with the odds of a dog being classified as affected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with focal thoracolumbar spinal cord lesions, especially those with peracute onset of paralysis, can develop transient depression of pelvic limb reflexes. Awareness of this phenomenon is important for veterinarians to accurately localize lesions and develop appropriate diagnostic plans and prognoses.
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McNaught KA, Morris J, Lazzerini K, Millins C, José‐López R. Spinal extradural T-cell lymphoma with paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a dog: clinicopathological features, treatment, and outcome. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:999-1005. [PMID: 29881551 PMCID: PMC5986171 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal lymphoma is a rare manifestation of a common canine hematopoietic neoplasia. Description of treatment, outcome, and MRI features are scarce. The latter can be heterogeneous, stressing the importance of lesion excision and analysis. Clinicians should also be aware of hypereosinophilia as accompanying paraneoplastic syndrome and its potential prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. McNaught
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Joanna Morris
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Kali Lazzerini
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Caroline Millins
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease InvestigationSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Roberto José‐López
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
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