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Hara H, Foote JB, Hansen-Estruch C, Bikhet MH, Nguyen HQ, Javed M, Oscherwitz M, Collins DE, Ayares D, Yamamoto T, King TW, Cooper DK. In vitro and in vivo immune assessments of genetically-engineered pig skin grafts in New World (squirrel) monkeys. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12832. [PMID: 37870485 PMCID: PMC10843142 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Half a million patients in the USA alone require treatment for burns annually. Following an extensive burn, it may not be possible to provide sufficient autografts in a single setting. Genetic manipulations (GM) of pigs offer the possibility of reducing primate humoral and cellular rejection of pig skin xenografts and thus extending graft survival. We compared the survival of skin grafts from pigs with 9-GM with that of autografts and allografts in squirrel monkeys. Monitoring for rejection was by (1) macroscopic examination, (2) histopathological examination of skin biopsies, and (3) measurement of anti-monkey and anti-pig IgM and IgG antibodies. Autografts (n = 5) survived throughout the 28 days of follow-up without histopathological features of rejection. Median survival of allografts (n = 6) was 14 days and of pig xenografts (n = 12) 21 days. Allotransplantation was associated with an increase in anti-monkey IgM, but the anticipated subsequent rise in IgG had not yet occurred at the time of euthanasia. Pig grafts were associated with increases in anti-pig IgM and IgG. In all cases, histopathologic features of rejection were similar. 9-GM pig skin xenografts survive at least as long as monkey skin allografts (and trended to survive longer), suggesting that they are a realistic clinical option for the temporary treatment of burns. Although monkeys with pig skin grafts developed anti-pig IgM and IgG antibodies, these did not cross-react with monkey antigens, indicating that a primary 9-GM pig skin graft would not be detrimental to a subsequent monkey skin allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy B. Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christophe Hansen-Estruch
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohamed H. Bikhet
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Huy Q. Nguyen
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariyam Javed
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Max Oscherwitz
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dalis E. Collins
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy W. King
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Hawthorne WJ, Thomas A, Burlak C. Xenotransplantation literature update, November/December 2020. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12674. [PMID: 33745161 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Adwin Thomas
- The Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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