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Fernholm B, Mincarone MM. A new species of the hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) from the Bahamas, western North Atlantic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:962-967. [PMID: 36788036 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new species of the hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) is described based on two specimens (407-433 mm total length) collected off the northern Bahamas, between depths of 910 and 1153 m. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having seven pairs of gill apertures well-spaced and arranged in a near straight line, a 3/2 multicusp pattern of teeth, 10-11 anterior unicusps, 50-51 total cusps, 12-14 prebranchial pores, 48-52 trunk pores, 79-84 total pores, and no nasal-sinus papillae. An identification key for the species of Eptatretus from the western Atlantic Ocean is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fernholm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Maia Mincarone
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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Moore GI, Wakefield CB, DiBattista JD, Newman SJ. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), a new species of deep-water grouper from the west coast of Australia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1540-1556. [PMID: 36307378 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new species of deep-water epinephelid fish is described from the west coast of Australia based on 14 specimens, 99-595 mm standard length. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov. is endemic to Western Australia from Barrow Island to Two Peoples Bay in depths of 76-470 m. It has a series of eight grey bands alternating with eight brown bands along the body and the soft dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin margins are pale cream to white. It is distinguished from its nearest congener, H. ergastularius, by the presence of a star-like pattern of radiating lines on the head versus an overall brownish colour in the latter as well as significant differences in the quantitative analyses of 25 morphological characters. The two species have allopatric distributions on either side of the Australian continent. H. griseofasciatus is distinguished from H. octofasciatus by several grey bands being distinctly narrower than other grey bands (vs. all grey bands subequal in the latter) and the presence of broad white margins on the dorsal, caudal and anal fins (vs. narrow or absent in the latter). Some scale counts appear to also differ. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences revealed reciprocally monophyletic clades with fixed differences and genetic distances typical of recently diverged species of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn I Moore
- Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corey B Wakefield
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph D DiBattista
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Mincarone MM, Plachetzki D, McCord CL, Winegard TM, Fernholm B, Gonzalez CJ, Fudge DS. Review of the hagfishes (Myxinidae) from the Galapagos Islands, with descriptions of four new species and their phylogenetic relationships. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hagfishes are an ancient group of benthic marine craniates that are found in deep or cold waters around the world. Among the 83 valid species, four are described from the Galapagos Islands: Eptatretus bobwisneri, E. grouseri, E. mccoskeri and Rubicundus lakeside. During a recent expedition to the archipelago, six species of hagfishes were collected, including four undescribed species of the genera Eptatretus (Eptatretus goslinei sp. nov.) and Myxine (Myxine greggi sp. nov., M. martinii sp. nov. and M. phantasma sp. nov.). In this paper, we provide a review of the eight species of hagfishes from the Galapagos Islands, including new diagnoses and an identification key for all species. Myxine phantasma is remarkable in that it is the only species of Myxine known to completely lack melanin-based pigments. Our species delineations were based on both morphological and molecular analyses. A phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data suggests that Galapagos hagfishes arose from multiple independent colonisations of the islands from as many as five different ancestral lineages. The large number of endemic hagfishes in the geologically young Galapagos Islands suggests that there is much global hagfish diversity yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mincarone
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Plachetzki
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - C L McCord
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - T M Winegard
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - B Fernholm
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C J Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - D S Fudge
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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Molecular phylogeny and classification of the family Myxinidae (Cyclostomata: Myxiniformes) using the supermatrix method. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Song YS, Kim JK. A new species of hagfish, Eptatretus wandoensis sp. nov. (Agnatha, Myxinidae), from the southwestern Sea of Korea. Zookeys 2020; 926:81-94. [PMID: 32336921 PMCID: PMC7170979 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.926.48745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four specimens of the five-gilled white mid-dorsal line hagfish, Eptatretuswandoensissp. nov. were recently collected from the southwestern Sea of Korea (Wando). This new species has five pairs of gill apertures, 14–18 prebranchial slime pores, 4 branchial slime pores, a dark brown back with a white mid-dorsal line and a white belly. These hagfish are similar to Eptatretusburgeri and Eptatretusminor in having a white mid-dorsal line, but can be readily distinguished by the numbers of gill apertures (5 vs. 6–7), gill pouches (5 vs. 6), and prebranchial slime pores (14–18 vs. > 18), as well as the body color (dark brown back vs. gray or brown pale). In terms of genetic differences, Eptatretuswandoensis could be clearly distinguished from E.burgeri (0.9% in 16S rRNA and 8.5% in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences) and E.minor (4.5% and 13.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Song
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea Pukyong National University Busan South Korea
| | - Jin-Koo Kim
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea Pukyong National University Busan South Korea
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Larouche O, Zelditch ML, Cloutier R. Fin modules: an evolutionary perspective on appendage disparity in basal vertebrates. BMC Biol 2017; 15:32. [PMID: 28449681 PMCID: PMC5406925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fishes are extremely speciose and also highly disparate in their fin configurations, more specifically in the number of fins present as well as their structure, shape, and size. How they achieved this remarkable disparity is difficult to explain in the absence of any comprehensive overview of the evolutionary history of fish appendages. Fin modularity could provide an explanation for both the observed disparity in fin configurations and the sequential appearance of new fins. Modularity is considered as an important prerequisite for the evolvability of living systems, enabling individual modules to be optimized without interfering with others. Similarities in developmental patterns between some of the fins already suggest that they form developmental modules during ontogeny. At a macroevolutionary scale, these developmental modules could act as evolutionary units of change and contribute to the disparity in fin configurations. This study addresses fin disparity in a phylogenetic perspective, while focusing on the presence/absence and number of each of the median and paired fins. RESULTS Patterns of fin morphological disparity were assessed by mapping fin characters on a new phylogenetic supertree of fish orders. Among agnathans, disparity in fin configurations results from the sequential appearance of novel fins forming various combinations. Both median and paired fins would have appeared first as elongated ribbon-like structures, which were the precursors for more constricted appendages. Among chondrichthyans, disparity in fin configurations relates mostly to median fin losses. Among actinopterygians, fin disparity involves fin losses, the addition of novel fins (e.g., the adipose fin), and coordinated duplications of the dorsal and anal fins. Furthermore, some pairs of fins, notably the dorsal/anal and pectoral/pelvic fins, show non-independence in their character distribution, supporting expectations based on developmental and morphological evidence that these fin pairs form evolutionary modules. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the pectoral/pelvic fins and the dorsal/anal fins form two distinct evolutionary modules, and that the latter is nested within a more inclusive median fins module. Because the modularity hypotheses that we are testing are also supported by developmental and variational data, this constitutes a striking example linking developmental, variational, and evolutionary modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Larouche
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie et de Biologie évolutive, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1 Canada
| | | | - Richard Cloutier
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie et de Biologie évolutive, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1 Canada
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Leigh KL, Sparks JP, Bemis WE. Food Preferences of Atlantic Hagfish,Myxine glutinosa, Assessed by Experimental Baiting of Traps. COPEIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-15-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Icardo JM, Colvee E, Schorno S, Lauriano ER, Fudge DS, Glover CN, Zaccone G. Morphological analysis of the hagfish heart. II. The venous pole and the pericardium. J Morphol 2016; 277:853-65. [PMID: 27027779 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of the venous pole and pericardium of the heart were examined in three hagfish species, Myxine glutinosa, Eptatretus stoutii, and Eptatretus cirrhatus. In these species, the atrioventricular (AV) canal is long, funnel-shaped and contains small amounts of myocardium. The AV valve is formed by two pocket-like leaflets that lack a papillary system. The atrial wall is formed by interconnected muscle trabeculae and a well-defined collagenous system. The sinus venosus (SV) shows a collagenous wall and is connected to the left side of the atrium. An abrupt collagen-muscle boundary marks the SV-atrium transition. It is hypothesized that the SV is not homologous to that of other vertebrates which could have important implications for understanding heart evolution. In M. glutinosa and E. stoutii, the pericardium is a closed bag that hangs from the tissues dorsal to the heart and encloses both the heart and the ventral aorta. In contrast, the pericardium is continuous with the loose periaortic tissue in E. cirrhatus. In all three species, the pericardium ends at the level of the SV excluding most of the atrium from the pericardial cavity. In M. glutinosa and E. stoutii, connective bridges extend between the base of the aorta and the ventricular wall. In E. cirrhatus, the connections between the periaortic tissue and the ventricle may carry blood vessels that reach the ventricular base. A further difference specific to E. cirrhatus is that the adipose tissue associated with the pericardium contains thyroid follicles. J. Morphol. 277:853-865, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011-, Santander, Spain
| | - Elvira Colvee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011-, Santander, Spain
| | - Sarah Schorno
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G-2W1, Canada
| | - Eugenia R Lauriano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Douglas S Fudge
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G-2W1, Canada
| | - Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, I-98166, Messina, Italy
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