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Garvicins AG1 and AG2: Two Novel Class IId Bacteriocins of Lactococcus garvieae Lg-Granada. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094685. [PMID: 35563074 PMCID: PMC9101539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae causes infectious diseases in animals and is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in human clinical conditions. In silico analysis of plasmid pLG50 of L. garvieae Lg-Granada, an isolate from a patient with endocarditis, revealed the presence of two gene clusters (orf46–47 and orf48–49), each one encoding a novel putative bacteriocin, i.e., garvicin AG1 (GarAG1; orf46) and garvicin AG2 (GarAG2; orf48), and their corresponding immunity proteins (orf47 and orf49). The chemically synthesised bacteriocins GarAG1 and GarAG2 presented inhibitory activity against pathogenic L. garvieae strains, with AG2 also being active against Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Enterococcus faecalis. Genetic organisation, amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activities of GarAG1 and GarAG2 indicate that they belong to linear non-pediocin-like one-peptide class IId bacteriocins. Gram-positive bacteria that were sensitive to GarAG2 were also able to ferment mannose, suggesting that this bacteriocin could use the mannose phosphotransferase transport system (Man-PTS) involved in mannose uptake as a receptor in sensitive strains. Intriguingly, GarAG1 and GarAG2 were highly active against their own host, L. garvieae Lg-Granada, which could be envisaged as a new strategy to combat pathogens via their own weapons.
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Soltani M, Baldisserotto B, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shafiei S, Bashiri M. Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090181. [PMID: 34564575 PMCID: PMC8473265 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Medicinal herbs and plants do not have very much in vitro antagonism and in vivo disease resistance towards lactococcosis agents in aquaculture. Most in vitro studies with herbal extractives were performed against L. garvieae with no strong antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those that contain thymol or carvacrol, are more effective. The differences exhibited by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal functions for a specific extractive in different studies could be due to different bacterial strains or parts of chemotypes of the same plant. Despite essential oils being shown to have the best anti-L. garvieae activity in in vitro assays, the in vivo bioassays required further study. The extracts tested under in vivo conditions presented moderate efficacy, causing a decrease in mortality in infected animals, probably because they improved immune parameters before challenging tests. This review addressed the efficacy of medicinal herbs to lactococcosis and discussed the presented gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soltani
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Shafigh Shafiei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 64165478, Iran;
| | - Masoumeh Bashiri
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
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Shahi N, Mallik SK. Emerging bacterial fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae RTCLI04, isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Genomic features and comparative genomics. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lin YS, Kweh KH, Koh TH, Lau QC, Abdul Rahman NB. Genomic analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolates. Pathology 2020; 52:700-707. [PMID: 32829891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a well-known fish pathogen, and in recent years, a human pathogen of increasing clinical significance. However, not much is known about the variances in characteristics of strains isolated locally and overseas. This study aims at conducting comparative genomic analysis on local and overseas L. garvieae isolates, to further understand the phylogenetic and virulence variances between the two groups. The genomic DNA of 11 local L. garvieae isolates (fish 6, human 5) were sequenced, annotated and typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). A total of six novel sequence types (STs) were found in the local isolates. Genotypic overlapping of the STs was observed between local fish and human isolates with overseas fish, food and human clinical isolates. Thereby, suggesting a possible transmission between fish or food and humans. Virulence genes (putative internalin and putative mucus adhesin) were found to be specific to genomic clusters (GC), GC2 and GC3. A higher incidence of resistance genes was also observed in local isolates (n=8, 72.72%) when compared to the overseas isolates (n=7, 41.18%). This study represents the first evidence of genetic variances amongst local and overseas isolates, and virulence characteristics specific to the phylogeny of L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunni Snow Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Kah Hao Kweh
- School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Tse Hsien Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Quek Choon Lau
- School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
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Rösch RM, Buschmann K, Brendel L, Schwanz T, Vahl CF. Lactococcus garvieae Endocarditis in a Prosthetic Aortic Valve: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020; 7:2324709619832052. [PMID: 31010322 PMCID: PMC6480988 DOI: 10.1177/2324709619832052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Lactococcus garvieae (LG) is a gram-positive coccus known to be a major pathogen in aqua farming, which is responsible for severe outbreaks. Its incidence in humans is extremely rare. Prior to 1985, all bacteria in the genus Lactococcus were included in the Streptococcus genus. The first human infection was documented in 1991, and since then, the relevance and clinical significance in humans has increased. Case Description. We present the clinical course of an LG endocarditis in a 78-year-old man who had a history of exertional dyspnea. The patient’s blood tests showed increased inflammation values, and a transesophageal ultrasound (TEE) showed a stenosis of the prosthetic aortic valve. Blood cultures were positive for LG, leading to a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. After 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and a prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the patient made a good recovery. Review of the Literature. After the first documented case in 1991 to 2018, 25 cases of LG endocarditis have been described in PubMed and MEDLINE. We reviewed all reported cases of LG endocarditis, commenting on predisposing risk factors, the course and outcome of the disease. Conclusion. LG endocarditis is a rare disease. Consumption of raw fish, abnormalities of the digestive tract, immune deficiency, and underlying cardiac conditions appear to be risk factors for an infective endocarditis due to LG. Improved determination techniques are likely to lead to a better and faster identification of the bacterium. This identification allows a faster and individualized therapy, which in turn affects the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Brendel
- 1 University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Cabrales HJ, García-Posada MJ, Porto-Valiente JM, Espinosa A, Narváez Y. Bacteriemia por Lactococcus garvieae: primer caso en Colombia. INFECTIO 2020. [DOI: 10.22354/in.v24i3.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae es una causa inusual de bacteriemia. No existen guías diagnósticas y terapéuticas actuales disponibles para tratar las infecciones causadas por estos organismos. Con base en un informe de caso, proporcionamos una revisión de la literatura sobre bacteriemia causada por L. garvieae y destacamos los desafíos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas infecciones y las implicaciones para el manejo. Comunicamos el primer caso de bacteriemia por Lactococcus garvieae en Colombia.
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Malek A, De la Hoz A, Gomez-Villegas SI, Nowbakht C, Arias CA. Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:301. [PMID: 30943906 PMCID: PMC6446321 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactococcus garvieae is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis (IE). No current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are available to treat IE caused by these organisms. Based on a case report, we provide a review of the literature of IE caused by L. garvieae and highlight diagnostic and treatment challenges of these infections and implications for management. Case presentation A 50-year-old Asian male with mitral prosthetic valve presented to the hospital with intracranial haemorrhage, which was successfully treated. Three weeks later, he complained of generalized malaise. Further work up revealed blood cultures positive for Gram-positive cocci identified as L. garvieae by MALDI-TOF. An echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of IE. Susceptibility testing showed resistance only to clindamycin. Vancomycin plus gentamicin were started as empirical therapy and, subsequently, the combination of ceftriaxone plus gentamicin was used after susceptibility studies were available. After two weeks of combination therapy, ceftriaxone was continued as monotherapy for six additional weeks with good outcome. Conclusions Twenty-five cases of IE by Lactococcus garvieae have been reported in the literature. Compared to other Gram-positive cocci, L. garvieae affects more frequently patients with prosthetic valves. IE presents in a subacute manner and the case fatality rate can be as high as 16%, comparable to that of streptococcal IE (15.7%). Reliable methods for identification of L. garvieae include MALDI-TOF, 16S RNA PCR, API 32 strep kit and BD Automated Phoenix System. Recommended antimicrobials for L. garvieae IE are ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone or vancomycin in monotherapy or in combination with gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro De la Hoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cima Nowbakht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics (CARMiG), UTHealth - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Infectious Diseases, UTHealth - School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA. .,Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. .,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St. MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Gibello A, Galán-Sánchez F, Blanco MM, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. The zoonotic potential of Lactococcus garvieae: An overview on microbiology, epidemiology, virulence factors and relationship with its presence in foods. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Reguera-Brito M, Galán-Sánchez F, Blanco MM, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. Genetic analysis of human clinical isolates of Lactococcus garvieae: Relatedness with isolates from foods. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 37:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Suh Y, Ja Kim M, Seung Jung J, Pil Chong Y, Hwan Kim C, Kang Y, Wook Sohn J, Kyung Yoon Y. Afebrile Multi-valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Lactococcus garvieae: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2016; 55:1011-5. [PMID: 27086823 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is considered to be a rare pathogen with low virulence in humans. We herein experienced an unusual case of multi-valve infective endocarditis caused by L. garvieae in an elderly woman who had undergone bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement due to severe mitral stenosis with rheumatic etiology. The patient was successfully treated with cardiac surgery after teicoplanin antimicrobial therapy failure followed by ceftriaxone treatment. L. garvieae was confirmed as the pathogen through 16S rRNA sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to indicate an effective treatment for infective endocarditis caused by L. garvieae in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooseok Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
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