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Ludwiczak A, Składanowska-Baryza J, Cieślak A, Stanisz M, Skrzypczak E, Sell-Kubiak E, Ślósarz P, Racewicz P. Effect of prudent use of antimicrobials in the early phase of infection in pigs on the performance and meat quality of fattening pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 212:109471. [PMID: 38428151 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The presented study was a part of the ThermoEye project. The study examined the effect of prudent antibiotic treatment in response to illness on the fattening performance, slaughter traits, and meat quality of the pig fatteners. Pigs were divided into an experimental group - EXP and a control - CON. In both groups, the body temperature was monitored, and diseases were confirmed by a veterinarian. In the EXP group, metaphylaxis was used in each case of confirmed disease. The EXP fatteners had greater slaughter weight (by 4.7 kg) and meatiness (by 2.1 percentage points) compared to the CON pigs. The pH in pork was lower in EXP compared to CON pigs. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum of EXP pigs was characterised by a lower cooking loss (28.30 vs. 30.45%) and yellower colour compared to the CON group. Among the amino acids, only the content of histidine (by 5.2%; P < 0.01) and tyrosine (by 7.2%; P < 0.01) was significantly greater in the meat of the CON group compared to EXP, with no effect of sex noted. The content of SFA (by 14.6%; P < 0.05), UFA (by 15.6%; P < 0.05), MUFA (by 17.8%; P < 0.05), MCFA (by 14.1%; P < 0.05), and LCFA (by 15.6%; P < 0.05) was also greater in CON compared to EXP meat. In conclusion, automated monitoring of pig body temperature during the fattening period enables more precise, prudent treatment and effective animal health control while reducing costs due to disease losses and pharmacotherapy. It allows optimal production and affects meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwiczak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Składanowska-Baryza
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Stanisz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Skrzypczak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Sell-Kubiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Ślósarz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Racewicz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment. Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Kim SQ, Spann RA, Khan MSH, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Albaugh VL, He Y, McDougal D, Soto P, Yu S, Morrison CD. FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive changes in food intake and macronutrient preference in response to protein restriction. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110010. [PMID: 38797244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Free-feeding animals navigate complex nutritional landscapes in which food availability, cost, and nutritional value can vary markedly. Animals have thus developed neural mechanisms that enable the detection of nutrient restriction, and these mechanisms engage adaptive physiological and behavioral responses that limit or reverse this nutrient restriction. This review focuses specifically on dietary protein as an essential and independently defended nutrient. Adequate protein intake is required for life, and ample evidence exists to support an active defense of protein that involves behavioral changes in food intake, food preference, and food motivation, likely mediated by neural changes that increase the reward value of protein foods. Available evidence also suggests that the circulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts in the brain to coordinate these adaptive changes in food intake, making it a unique endocrine signal that drives changes in macronutrient preference in the context of protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Redin A Spann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | | | | | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Vance L Albaugh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808; Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - David McDougal
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70810
| | - Sangho Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
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3
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Mishra M, Wu J, Kane AE, Howlett SE. The intersection of frailty and metabolism. Cell Metab 2024; 36:893-911. [PMID: 38614092 PMCID: PMC11123589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
On average, aging is associated with unfavorable changes in cellular metabolism, which are the processes involved in the storage and expenditure of energy. However, metabolic dysregulation may not occur to the same extent in all older individuals as people age at different rates. Those who are aging rapidly are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes and are said to be "frail." Here, we explore the links between frailty and metabolism, including metabolic contributors and consequences of frailty. We examine how metabolic diseases may modify the degree of frailty in old age and suggest that frailty may predispose toward metabolic disease. Metabolic interventions that can mitigate the degree of frailty in people are reviewed. New treatment strategies developed in animal models that are poised for translation to humans are also considered. We suggest that maintaining a youthful metabolism into older age may be protective against frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Judy Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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4
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Babygirija R, Sonsalla MM, Mill J, James I, Han JH, Green CL, Calubag MF, Wade G, Tobon A, Michael J, Trautman MM, Matoska R, Yeh CY, Grunow I, Pak HH, Rigby MJ, Baldwin DA, Niemi NM, Denu JM, Puglielli L, Simcox J, Lamming DW. Protein restriction slows the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3342413. [PMID: 37790423 PMCID: PMC10543316 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3342413/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein is a critical regulator of metabolic health and aging. Low protein diets are associated with healthy aging in humans, and many independent groups of researchers have shown that dietary protein restriction (PR) extends the lifespan and healthspan of mice. Here, we examined the effect of PR on metabolic health and the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the 3xTg mouse model of AD. We found that PR has metabolic benefits for 3xTg mice and non-transgenic controls of both sexes, promoting leanness and glycemic control in 3xTg mice and rescuing the glucose intolerance of 3xTg females. We found that PR induces sex-specific alterations in circulating metabolites and in the brain metabolome and lipidome, downregulating sphingolipid subclasses including ceramides, glucosylceramides, and sphingomyelins in 3xTg females. Consumption of a PR diet starting at 6 months of age reduced AD pathology in conjunction with reduced mTORC1 activity, increased autophagy, and had cognitive benefits for 3xTg mice. Finally, PR improved the survival of 3xTg mice. Our results demonstrate that PR slows the progression of AD at molecular and pathological levels, preserves cognition in this mouse model of AD, and suggests that PR or pharmaceutical interventions that mimic the effects of this diet may hold promise as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Michelle M. Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jericha Mill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Isabella James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jessica H. Han
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cara L. Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariah F. Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gina Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna Tobon
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Michael
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michaela M. Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Matoska
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isaac Grunow
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heidi H. Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J. Rigby
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dominique A. Baldwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Natalie M. Niemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Trautman ME, Braucher LN, Elliehausen C, Zhu WG, Zelenovskiy E, Green M, Sonsalla MM, Yeh CY, Hornberger TA, Konopka AR, Lamming DW. Resistance exercise protects mice from protein-induced fat accretion. eLife 2023; 12:RP91007. [PMID: 38019262 PMCID: PMC10686620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-protein (LP) diets extend the lifespan of diverse species and are associated with improved metabolic health in both rodents and humans. Paradoxically, many athletes and bodybuilders consume high-protein (HP) diets and protein supplements, yet are both fit and metabolically healthy. Here, we examine this paradox using weight pulling, a validated progressive resistance exercise training regimen, in mice fed either an LP diet or an isocaloric HP diet. We find that despite having lower food consumption than the LP group, HP-fed mice gain significantly more fat mass than LP-fed mice when not exercising, while weight pulling protected HP-fed mice from this excess fat accretion. The HP diet augmented exercise-induced hypertrophy of the forearm flexor complex, and weight pulling ability increased more rapidly in the exercised HP-fed mice. Surprisingly, exercise did not protect from HP-induced changes in glycemic control. Our results confirm that HP diets can augment muscle hypertrophy and accelerate strength gain induced by resistance exercise without negative effects on fat mass, and also demonstrate that LP diets may be advantageous in the sedentary. Our results highlight the need to consider both dietary composition and activity, not simply calories, when taking a precision nutrition approach to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Leah N Braucher
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Christian Elliehausen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Wenyuan G Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Esther Zelenovskiy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Madelyn Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonUnited States
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6
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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7
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Hamilton KL, Selman C. Can exercise prevent the age-related decline in adaptive homeostasis? Evidence across organisms and tissues. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37130065 DOI: 10.1113/jp284583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and The Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Hope DCD, Tan TMM. Glucagon and energy expenditure; Revisiting amino acid metabolism and implications for weight loss therapy. Peptides 2023; 162:170962. [PMID: 36736539 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon receptor (GCGR)-targeted multi-agonists are being developed for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease. GCGR activity is utilised for its favourable weight loss and metabolic properties, including increased energy expenditure (EE) and hepatic lipid metabolism. GLP1R and GIPR activities are increasingly present in a multi-agonist strategy. Due to the compound effect of increased satiety, reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure, the striking weight loss effects of these multi-agonists has been demonstrated in pre-clinical models of obesity. The precise contribution and mechanism of GCGR activity to enhanced energy expenditure and weight loss in both rodents and humans is not fully understood. In this review, our understanding of glucagon-mediated EE is explored, and an amino acid-centric paradigm contributing to this phenomenon is presented. The current progress of GCGR-targeted multi-agonists in development is also highlighted with a focus on the implications of glucagon-stimulated hypoaminoacidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C D Hope
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T M-M Tan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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MacArthur MR, Mitchell SJ. Sex differences in healthspan and lifespan responses to geroprotective dietary interventions in preclinical models. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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10
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Apolinário MDL, Carneiro FS, Macêdo APA. Protein percentage or amino acid profile: which is more important in weight loss diets? J Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36412163 DOI: 10.1113/jp283916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Lima Apolinário
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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