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Borland G, Wilkie SE, Thomson J, Wang Z, Tullet JMA, Alic N, Selman C. Polr3b heterozygosity in mice induces both beneficial and deleterious effects on health during ageing with no effect on lifespan. Aging Cell 2024:e14141. [PMID: 38465473 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic pathways that modulate ageing in multicellular organisms are typically highly conserved across wide evolutionary distances. Recently RNA polymerase III (Pol III) was shown to promote ageing in yeast, C. elegans and D. melanogaster. In this study we investigated the role of Pol III in mammalian ageing using C57BL/6N mice heterozygous for Pol III (Polr3b+/- ). We identified sexually dimorphic, organ-specific beneficial as well as detrimental effects of the Polr3b+/- mutation on health. Female Polr3b+/- mice displayed improved bone health during ageing, but their ability to maintain an effective gut barrier function was compromised and they were susceptible to idiopathic dermatitis (ID). In contrast, male Polr3b+/- mice were lighter than wild-type (WT) males and had a significantly improved gut barrier function in old age. Several metabolic parameters were affected by both age and sex, but no genotype differences were detected. Neither male nor female Polr3b+/- mice were long-lived compared to WT controls. Overall, we find no evidence that a reduced Pol III activity extends mouse lifespan but we do find some potential organ- and sex-specific benefits for old-age health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Borland
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen E Wilkie
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jackie Thomson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Nazif Alic
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Harnett MM, Doonan J, Tarafdar A, Pineda MA, Duncombe-Moore J, Buitrago G, Pan P, Hoskisson PA, Selman C, Harnett W. The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting the gut-bone marrow axis in a microbiome-dependent manner. Front Trop Dis 2024; 4:fitd.2023.1334705. [PMID: 38500783 PMCID: PMC7615750 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1334705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 rescues defective levels of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) and suppresses chronic Th1/Th17-driven inflammation to protect against joint destruction in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis. Such autoimmune arthritis is also associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity. We recently further exploited the CIA model to show that ES-62's prevention of joint destruction is associated with protection of intestinal barrier integrity and normalization of the gut microbiota, thereby suppressing the gut pathology that precedes the onset of autoimmunity and joint damage in CIA-mice. As the status of the gut microbiota impacts on immune responses by influencing haematopoiesis, we have therefore investigated whether ES-62 harnesses the homeostatic mechanisms regulating this gut-bone marrow (BM) axis to resolve the chronic inflammation promoting autoimmunity and joint destruction in CIA. Reflecting this, ES-62 was found to counteract the BM myeloid/lymphoid bias typically associated with chronic inflammation and infection. This was achieved primarily by ES-62 acting to maintain the levels of lymphoid lineages (B220+ and CD3+ cells) observed in naïve, healthy mice but lost from the BM of CIA-mice. Moreover, ES-62's ability to prevent bone-destroying osteoclastogenesis was found to be associated with its suppression of CIA-induced upregulation of osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) in the BM. Critically, and supporting ES-62's targeting of the gut-BM axis, this rewiring of inflammatory haematopoiesis was lost in mice with a depleted microbiome. Underlining the importance of ES-62's actions in restoring steady-state haematopoiesis, the BM levels of B and T lymphoid cells were shown to be inversely correlated, whilst the levels of OCPs positively correlated, with the severity of joint damage in CIA-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Harnett
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Pineda
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geraldine Buitrago
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Piaopiao Pan
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Neytchev O, Erlandsson H, Witasp A, Nordfors L, Qureshi AR, Iseri K, Morohoshi H, Selman C, Ebert T, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Epigenetic clocks indicate that kidney transplantation and not dialysis mitigate the effects of renal ageing. J Intern Med 2024; 295:79-90. [PMID: 37827529 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an age-related disease that displays multiple features of accelerated ageing. It is currently unclear whether the two treatment options for end-stage kidney disease (dialysis and kidney transplantation [KT]) ameliorate the accelerated uremic ageing process. METHODS Data on clinical variables and blood DNA methylation (DNAm) from CKD stage G3-G5 patients were used to estimate biological age based on blood biomarkers (phenotypic age [PA], n = 333), skin autofluorescence (SAF age, n = 199) and DNAm (Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge clocks, n = 47). In the DNAm cohort, we also measured the change in biological age 1 year after the KT or initiation of dialysis. Healthy subjects recruited from the general population were included as controls. RESULTS All three DNAm clocks indicated an increased biological age in CKD G5. However, PA and SAF age tended to produce implausibly large estimates of biological age in CKD G5. By contrast, DNAm age was 4.9 years (p = 0.005) higher in the transplantation group and 5.9 years (p = 0.001) higher in the dialysis group compared to controls. This age acceleration was significantly reduced 1 year after KT, but not after 1 year of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS Kidney failure patients displayed an increased biological age as estimated by DNAm clocks compared to population-based controls. Our results suggest that KT, but not dialysis, partially reduces the age acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian Neytchev
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Erlandsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Nordfors
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Iseri
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hokuto Morohoshi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colin Selman
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Harnett MM, Lumb FE, Crowe J, Doonan J, Buitrago G, Brown S, Thom G, MacDonald A, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett W. Protection against lung pathology during obesity-accelerated ageing in mice by the parasitic worm product ES-62. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285069. [PMID: 38077318 PMCID: PMC10701379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice develop pathology in the lungs as they age and this may be accelerated by a high calorie diet (HCD). ES-62 is a protein secreted by the parasitic worm Acanthocheilonema viteae that is immunomodulatory by virtue of covalently attached phosphorylcholine (PC) moieties. In this study, we show that weekly treatment of C57BL/6J mice with ES-62 protected against pathology in the lungs in male but not female mice fed a HCD from 10 weeks of age as shown by reductions in cellular infiltration and airway remodelling, particularly up to 160 days of age. ES-62 also reduced gene expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-17 and in addition the TLR/IL-1R adaptor MyD88, in the lungs of male mice although HCD-induced increases in these inflammatory markers were not detected until between 340 and 500 days of age. A combination of two drug-like ES-62 PC-based small molecule analogues (SMAs), produced broadly similar protective effects in the lungs of male mice with respect to both lung pathology and inflammatory markers, in addition to a decrease in HCD-induced IL-5 expression. Overall, our data show that ES-62 and its SMAs offer protection against HCD-accelerated pathological changes in the lungs during ageing. Given the targeting of Th2 cytokines and IL-17, we discuss this protection in the context of ES-62's previously described amelioration of airway hyper-responsiveness in mouse models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Harnett
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E. Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Crowe
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Buitrago
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Thom
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy MacDonald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Wilkie SE, Marcu DE, Carter RN, Morton NM, Gonzalo S, Selman C. Hepatic hydrogen sulfide levels are reduced in mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5266-5278. [PMID: 37354210 PMCID: PMC10333079 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare human disease characterised by accelerated biological ageing. Current treatments are limited, and most patients die before 15 years of age. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signalling molecule that it central to multiple cellular homeostasis mechanisms. Dysregulation of tissue H2S levels is thought to contribute to an ageing phenotype in many tissues across animal models. Whether H2S is altered in HGPS is unknown. We investigated hepatic H2S production capacity and transcript, protein and enzymatic activity of proteins that regulate hepatic H2S production and disposal in a mouse model of HGPS (G609G mice, mutated Lmna gene equivalent to a causative mutation in HGPS patients). G609G mice were maintained on either regular chow (RC) or high fat diet (HFD), as HFD has been previously shown to significantly extend lifespan of G609G mice, and compared to wild type (WT) mice maintained on RC. RC fed G609G mice had significantly reduced hepatic H2S production capacity relative to WT mice, with a compensatory elevation in mRNA transcripts associated with several H2S production enzymes, including cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). H2S levels and CSE protein were partially rescued in HFD fed G609G mice. As current treatments for patients with HGPS have failed to confer significant improvements to symptoms or longevity, the need for novel therapeutic targets is acute and the regulation of H2S through dietary or pharmacological means may be a promising new avenue for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Wilkie
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Diana E. Marcu
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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6
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Panagiotou N, McGuinness D, Jaminon AMG, Mees B, Selman C, Schurgers L, Shiels PG. Microvesicle-Mediated Tissue Regeneration Mitigates the Effects of Cellular Ageing. Cells 2023; 12:1707. [PMID: 37443741 PMCID: PMC10340655 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos), are membranous vesicles secreted by cells which mediate the repair of cellular and tissue damage via paracrine mechanisms. The action of EVs under normative and morbid conditions in the context of ageing remains largely unexplored. We demonstrate that MVs, but not Exos, from Pathfinder cells (PCs), a putative stem cell regulatory cell type, enhance the repair of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-cultures, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Critically, this effect was found to be both cellular age and stress specific. Notably, MV treatment was unable to repair mechanical injury in older co-cultures but remained therapeutic following genotoxic stress. These observations were further confirmed in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) co-cultures of increasing cellular age. In a model of comorbidity comprising co-cultures of HDFs and highly senescent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) VSMCs, MV administration appeared to be senotherapeutic, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Our data provide insights into EVs and the specific roles they play during tissue repair and ageing. These data will potentiate the development of novel cell-free therapeutic interventions capable of attenuating age-associated morbidities and avoiding undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
| | - Armand M. G. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, 6229 ER Maastricht, NetherlandsThe Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC),
Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Colin Selman
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Leon Schurgers
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
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7
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Hamilton KL, Selman C. Can exercise prevent the age-related decline in adaptive homeostasis? Evidence across organisms and tissues. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37130065 DOI: 10.1113/jp284583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and The Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Salmón P, Dawson NJ, Millet C, Selman C, Monaghan P. Mitochondrial function declines with age within individuals but is not linked to the pattern of growth or mortality risk in zebra finch. Aging Cell 2023:e13822. [PMID: 36938671 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a highly conserved hallmark of ageing. However, most of the studies in both model and non-model organisms are cross-sectional in design; therefore, little is known, at the individual level, on how mitochondrial function changes with age, its link to early developmental conditions or its relationship with survival. Here we manipulated the postnatal growth in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) via dietary modification that induced accelerated growth without changing adult body size. In the same individuals, we examined blood cells mitochondrial functioning (mainly erythrocytes) when they were young (ca. 36 weeks) and again in mid-aged (ca. 91 weeks) adulthood. Mitochondrial function was strongly influenced by age but not by postnatal growth conditions. Across all groups, within individual ROUTINE respiration, OXPHOS and OXPHOS coupling efficiency significantly declined with age, while LEAK respiration increased. However, we found no link between mitochondrial function and the probability of survival into relatively old age (ca. 4 years). Our results suggest that the association between accelerated growth and reduced longevity, evident in this as in other species, is not attributable to age-related changes in any of the measured mitochondrial function traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Neal J Dawson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline Millet
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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9
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Harnett MM, Doonan J, Lumb FE, Crowe J, Damink RO, Buitrago G, Duncombe-Moore J, Wilkinson DI, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett W. The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953053. [PMID: 36105811 PMCID: PMC9465317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant increases in human lifespan over the last century, adoption of high calorie diets (HCD) has driven global increases in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, disorders precluding corresponding improvements in healthspan. Reflecting that such conditions are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, evidence is emerging that infection with parasitic helminths might protect against obesity-accelerated ageing, by virtue of their evolution of survival-promoting anti-inflammatory molecules. Indeed, ES-62, an anti-inflammatory secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, improves the healthspan of both male and female C57BL/6J mice undergoing obesity-accelerated ageing and also extends median lifespan in male animals, by positively impacting on inflammatory, adipose metabolic and gut microbiome parameters of ageing. We therefore explored whether ES-62 affects the osteoimmunology axis that integrates environmental signals, such as diet and the gut microbiome to homeostatically regulate haematopoiesis and training of immune responses, which become dysregulated during (obesity-accelerated) ageing. Of note, we find sexual dimorphisms in the decline in bone health, and associated dysregulation of haematopoiesis and consequent peripheral immune responses, during obesity-accelerated ageing, highlighting the importance of developing sex-specific anti-ageing strategies. Related to this, ES-62 protects trabecular bone structure, maintaining bone marrow (BM) niches that counter the ageing-associated decline in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functionality highlighted by a bias towards myeloid lineages, in male but not female, HCD-fed mice. This is evidenced by the ability of ES-62 to suppress the adipocyte and megakaryocyte bias and correspondingly promote increases in B lymphocytes in the BM. Furthermore, the consequent prevention of ageing-associated myeloid/lymphoid skewing is associated with reduced accumulation of inflammatory CD11c+ macrophages and IL-1β in adipose tissue, disrupting the perpetuation of inflammation-driven dysregulation of haematopoiesis during obesity-accelerated ageing in male HCD-fed mice. Finally, we report the ability of small drug-like molecule analogues of ES-62 to mimic some of its key actions, particularly in strongly protecting trabecular bone structure, highlighting the translational potential of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E. Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roel Olde Damink
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Buitrago
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Duncombe-Moore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie I. Wilkinson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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10
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Salmón P, Millet C, Selman C, Monaghan P, Dawson NJ. Tissue-specific reductions in mitochondrial efficiency and increased ROS release rates during ageing in zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata. GeroScience 2022; 45:265-276. [PMID: 35986126 PMCID: PMC9886749 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage have long been suggested as critically important mechanisms underlying the ageing process in animals. However, conflicting data exist on whether this involves increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ageing. We employed high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry on flight muscle (pectoralis major) and liver mitochondria to simultaneously examine mitochondrial function and ROS (H2O2) release rates in young (3 months) and old (4 years) zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Respiratory capacities for oxidative phosphorylation did not differ between the two age groups in either tissue. Respiratory control ratios (RCR) of liver mitochondria also did not differ between the age classes. However, RCR in muscle mitochondria was 55% lower in old relative to young birds, suggesting that muscle mitochondria in older individuals are less efficient. Interestingly, this observed reduction in muscle RCR was driven almost entirely by higher mitochondrial LEAK-state respiration. Maximum mitochondrial ROS release rates were found to be greater in both flight muscle (1.3-fold) and the liver (1.9-fold) of old birds. However, while maximum ROS (H2O2) release rates from mitochondria increased with age across both liver and muscle tissues, the liver demonstrated a proportionally greater age-related increase in ROS release than muscle. This difference in age-related increases in ROS release rates between muscle and liver tissues may be due to increased mitochondrial leakiness in the muscle, but not the liver, of older birds. This suggests that age-related changes in cellular function seem to occur in a tissue-specific manner in zebra finches, with flight muscle exhibiting signs of minimising age-related increase in ROS release, potentially to reduce damage to this crucial tissue in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Caroline Millet
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Neal J. Dawson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
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Dawson NJ, Millet C, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Inter-individual variation in mitochondrial phosphorylation efficiency predicts growth rates in ectotherms at high temperatures. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22333. [PMID: 35486025 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101806rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that aquatic ectotherms are especially vulnerable to global warming since their metabolic demands increase with ambient temperature while water-oxygen content decreases. The possible role of shrinking aerobic scope in limiting performance has been much discussed; however, less attention has been given to whether tissue-level changes in the efficiency of oxygen usage occur at elevated temperatures. Here, we show that this varies widely among individuals, with consequences for performance. We examined the inter-individual variation in growth rate and mitochondrial function from white muscle and liver of brown trout (Salmo trutta) acclimated to either high (19.5°C) or near-optimal temperature (12°C). Liver (but not muscle) mitochondria showed a positive relationship between growth rate and maximal oxidative phosphorylation at both temperatures, and a negative relationship between growth rate and ROS release. There was a positive correlation in both tissues between individual mitochondrial phosphorylation efficiency and growth rate, but only at 19.5°C. In this representative of aquatic ectotherms, an individual's liver mitochondrial efficiency thus seems to dictate its capacity to grow at elevated temperatures. This suggests that individual heterogeneity in cellular function may cause variation in the thermal limits of aquatic ectotherms and could adversely affect wild populations in warming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal J Dawson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline Millet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Javidnia S, Cranwell S, Mueller SH, Selman C, Tullet JM, Kuchenbaecker K, Alic N. Mendelian randomization analyses implicate biogenesis of translation machinery in human aging. Genome Res 2022; 32:258-265. [PMID: 35078808 PMCID: PMC8805714 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275636.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduced provision of protein translation machinery promotes healthy aging in a number of animal models. In humans, however, inborn impairments in translation machinery are a known cause of several developmental disorders, collectively termed ribosomopathies. Here, we use casual inference approaches in genetic epidemiology to investigate whether adult, tissue-specific biogenesis of translation machinery drives human aging. We assess naturally occurring variation in the expression of genes encoding subunits specific to the two RNA polymerases (Pols) that transcribe ribosomal and transfer RNAs, namely Pol I and III, and the variation in expression of ribosomal protein (RP) genes, using Mendelian randomization. We find each causally associated with human longevity (β = −0.15 ± 0.047, P = 9.6 × 10−4, q = 0.015; β = −0.13 ± 0.040, P = 1.4 × 10−3, q = 0.023; β = −0.048 ± 0.016, P = 3.5 × 10−3, q = 0.056, respectively), and this does not appear to be mediated by altered susceptibility to a single disease. We find that reduced expression of Pol III, RPs, or Pol I promotes longevity from different organs, namely visceral adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle, echoing the tissue specificity of ribosomopathies. Our study shows the utility of leveraging genetic variation in expression to elucidate how essential cellular processes impact human aging. The findings extend the evolutionary conservation of protein synthesis as a critical process that drives animal aging to include humans.
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13
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Carter RN, Gibbins MTG, Barrios-Llerena ME, Wilkie SE, Freddolino PL, Libiad M, Vitvitsky V, Emerson B, Le Bihan T, Brice M, Su H, Denham SG, Homer NZM, Mc Fadden C, Tailleux A, Faresse N, Sulpice T, Briand F, Gillingwater T, Ahn KH, Singha S, McMaster C, Hartley RC, Staels B, Gray GA, Finch AJ, Selman C, Banerjee R, Morton NM. The hepatic compensatory response to elevated systemic sulfide promotes diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109958. [PMID: 34758301 PMCID: PMC8595646 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Increased sulfide production or sulfide donor compounds may beneficially regulate hepatic metabolism. Disposal of sulfide through the sulfide oxidation pathway (SOP) is critical for maintaining sulfide within a safe physiological range. We show that mice lacking the liver- enriched mitochondrial SOP enzyme thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Tst-/- mice) exhibit high circulating sulfide, increased gluconeogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatty liver. Unexpectedly, hepatic sulfide levels are normal in Tst-/- mice because of exaggerated induction of sulfide disposal, with associated suppression of global protein persulfidation and nuclear respiratory factor 2 target protein levels. Hepatic proteomic and persulfidomic profiles converge on gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism, revealing a selective deficit in medium-chain fatty acid oxidation in Tst-/- mice. We reveal a critical role of TST in hepatic metabolism that has implications for sulfide donor strategies in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick N Carter
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Matthew T G Gibbins
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin E Barrios-Llerena
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stephen E Wilkie
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter L Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marouane Libiad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barry Emerson
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Madara Brice
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Huizhong Su
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Scott G Denham
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Clare Mc Fadden
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U101-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nourdine Faresse
- Physiogenex S.A.S, Prologue Biotech, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Thierry Sulpice
- Physiogenex S.A.S, Prologue Biotech, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Francois Briand
- Physiogenex S.A.S, Prologue Biotech, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Tom Gillingwater
- College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School (Anatomy), Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Subhankar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Claire McMaster
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U101-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Finch
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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14
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Kulaberoglu Y, Malik Y, Borland G, Selman C, Alic N, Tullet JMA. Corrigendum: RNA Polymerase III, Ageing and Longevity. Front Genet 2021; 12:758135. [PMID: 34539762 PMCID: PMC8444630 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Kulaberoglu
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Malik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Borland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nazif Alic
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Mulvey L, Wilkie SE, Borland G, Griffiths K, Sinclair A, McGuinness D, Watson DG, Selman C. Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111376. [PMID: 34246728 PMCID: PMC8417819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role that genetic background may play in the responsiveness of organisms to interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) is underappreciated but potentially important. We investigated the impact of genetic background on a suite of metabolic parameters in female recombinant inbred ILSXISS mouse strains previously reported to show divergent lifespan responses to 40% CR (TejJ89-lifespan extension; TejJ48-lifespan unaffected; TejJ114-lifespan shortening). Body mass was reduced across all strains following 10 months of 40% CR, although this loss (relative to ad libitum controls) was greater in TejJ114 relative to the other strains. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass was similarly reduced across all strains following 40% CR, but brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass increased only in strains TejJ89 and TejJ48. Surprisingly, glucose tolerance was improved most notably by CR in TejJ114, while both strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 were hyperinsulinemic following CR relative to their AL controls. We subsequently undertook an unbiased metabolomic approach in gWAT and BAT tissue derived from strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 mice under AL and 40% CR. In gWAT from TejJ89 a significant reduction in several long chain unsaturated fatty acids was observed following 40% CR, but gWAT from TejJ114 appeared relatively unresponsive to CR with far fewer metabolites changing. Phosphatidylethanoloamine lipids within the BAT were typically elevated in TejJ89 following CR, while some phosphatidylglycerol lipids were decreased. However, BAT from strain TejJ114 again appeared unresponsive to CR. These data highlight strain-specific metabolic differences exist in ILSXISS mice following 40% CR. We suggest that precisely how different fat depots respond dynamically to CR may be an important factor in the variable longevity under 40% CR reported in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Mulvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephen E Wilkie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gillian Borland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kate Griffiths
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, The John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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16
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Salmón P, Millet C, Selman C, Monaghan P. Growth acceleration results in faster telomere shortening later in life. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211118. [PMID: 34375555 PMCID: PMC8354743 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence for a lifespan penalty when environmental conditions influence an individual's growth trajectory, such that growth rate is accelerated to attain a target size within a limited time period. Given this empirically demonstrated relationship between accelerated growth and lifespan, and the links between lifespan and telomere dynamics, increased telomere loss could underpin this growth-lifespan trade. We experimentally modified the growth trajectory of nestling zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), inducing a group of nestlings to accelerate their growth between 7 and 15 days of age, the main phase of body growth. We then sequentially measured their telomere length in red blood cells at various time points from 7 days to full adulthood (120 days). Accelerated growth between 7 and 15 days was not associated with a detectable increase in telomere shortening during this period compared with controls. However, only in the treatment group induced to show growth acceleration was the rate of growth during the experimental period positively related to the amount of telomere shortening between 15 and 120 days. Our findings provide evidence of a long-term influence of growth rate on later-life telomere shortening, but only when individuals have accelerated growth in response to environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Millet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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17
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Abstract
Transcription in eukaryotic cells is performed by three RNA polymerases. RNA polymerase I synthesises most rRNAs, whilst RNA polymerase II transcribes all mRNAs and many non-coding RNAs. The largest of the three polymerases is RNA polymerase III (Pol III) which transcribes a variety of short non-coding RNAs including tRNAs and the 5S rRNA, in addition to other small RNAs such as snRNAs, snoRNAs, SINEs, 7SL RNA, Y RNA, and U6 spilceosomal RNA. Pol III-mediated transcription is highly dynamic and regulated in response to changes in cell growth, cell proliferation and stress. Pol III-generated transcripts are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, including translation, genome and transcriptome regulation and RNA processing, with Pol III dys-regulation implicated in diseases including leukodystrophy, Alzheimer's, Fragile X-syndrome and various cancers. More recently, Pol III was identified as an evolutionarily conserved determinant of organismal lifespan acting downstream of mTORC1. Pol III inhibition extends lifespan in yeast, worms and flies, and in worms and flies acts from the intestine and intestinal stem cells respectively to achieve this. Intriguingly, Pol III activation achieved through impairment of its master repressor, Maf1, has also been shown to promote longevity in model organisms, including mice. In this review we introduce the Pol III transcription apparatus and review the current understanding of RNA Pol III's role in ageing and lifespan in different model organisms. We then discuss the potential of Pol III as a therapeutic target to improve age-related health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Kulaberoglu
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Malik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Borland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nazif Alic
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Neytchev O, Witasp A, Nordfors L, Qureshi ART, Wennberg L, Erlandsson H, Ebert T, Selman C, Shiels P, Stenvinkel P. FC 123RENAL TRANSPLANTATION MITIGATES INCREASED BIOLOGICAL (EPIGENETIC) AGE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab147.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares important features of a dysregulated ageing process with other common “burden of lifestyle” diseases, which aggregates into the diseasome of ageing. Typically, this is hallmarked by an acceleration of epigenetic (DNA methylation-based) clocks. It remains to be determined if current therapeutic interventions, such as renal transplantation or dialysis, can slow this clock, and thus the rate of biological ageing, in CKD. We therefore assessed the rate of biological ageing in CKD patients and whether these therapies impact on it, by measuring epigenetic age before and 1 year after treatment.
Methods
Whole blood samples were taken from CKD 5 patients at baseline and 1 year after renal transplantation (n=12) or dialysis (n=11; peritoneal dialysis n=7, haemodialysis n=4) as well as from age and sex-matched population-based controls (n=24). DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip and epigenetic age was calculated using three independent DNA methylation clocks: the Horvath, Hannum, and PhenoAge clocks. Additionally, a novel composite clock incorporating these three clocks was evaluated. We then calculated the age acceleration (difference between epigenetic and chronological age) for each clock and compared average age acceleration between groups and across time points.
Results
Incident dialysis patients displayed accelerated ageing versus chronologically age-matched controls (p<0.001). We observed a PhenoAge age acceleration difference in both the transplant (8.5 years, p=0.001) and dialysis (9.7 years, p<0.001) groups at baseline compared to control. After 1 year, we also observed a decrease of the age acceleration in the transplant group (mean reduced by 4.4 years, p=0.016), but not in the dialysis group (mean reduced by 0.7 years, p=0.668).
Conclusion
CKD 5 patients display an increased biological (i.e. epigenetic) age. This age acceleration is mitigated one year after renal transplantation, but not in patients undergoing dialysis. Neither therapy reverses high biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian Neytchev
- University of Glasgow, United Kingdom, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Witasp
- Karolinska Institutet, Renal Medicine M99, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Nordfors
- Karolinska Institutet, Renal Medicine M99, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Wennberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Transplantation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Ebert
- Karolinska Institutet, Renal Medicine M99, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Shiels
- University of Glasgow, United Kingdom, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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González-Stegmaier R, Cereceda K, Briones JL, Beltran-Pávez C, Oyarzún-Arrau A, Riquelme-Barrios S, Selman C, Yarad F, Mahave M, Caglevic C, Morales R, Aguirre A, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Marsiglia H, Gazitua R, Villarroel-Espindola F. Seroconversion and Abundance of IgG Antibodies against S1-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Activity in the Chilean Population. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6680337. [PMID: 33644235 PMCID: PMC7901042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. In Chile, half a million people have been infected and more than 16,000 have died from COVID-19. As part of the clinical trial NCT04384588, we quantified IgG against S1-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-RBD) in recovered people in Santiago and evaluated their suitability as COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors. ELISA and a luminescent SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype were used for IgG and neutralizing antibody quantification. 72.9% of the convalescent population (468 of 639) showed seroconversion (5-55 μg/mL anti-RBD IgG) and were suitable candidates for plasma donation. Analysis by gender, age, and days after symptom offset did not show significant differences. Neutralizing activity correlated with an increased concentration of anti-RBD IgG (p < 0.0001) and showed a high variability between donors. We confirmed that the majority of the Chilean patients have developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The quantification of anti-RBD IgG in convalescent plasma donors is necessary to increase the detection of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. González-Stegmaier
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - K. Cereceda
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - J. L. Briones
- Haematology Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Beltran-Pávez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- HIV/AIDS Work Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - A. Oyarzún-Arrau
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- HIV/AIDS Work Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - S. Riquelme-Barrios
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- HIV/AIDS Work Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - C. Selman
- Diagnostic Units, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
- Biobank, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Yarad
- Diagnostic Units, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Mahave
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Caglevic
- Cancer Research Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Morales
- Internal Medicine Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Aguirre
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- HIV/AIDS Work Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - R. Soto-Rifo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- HIV/AIDS Work Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - H. Marsiglia
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Gazitua
- Haematology Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Villarroel-Espindola
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
- Cancer Research Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Seo AY, Speakman JR, Selman C. Metabolic rate through the life-course: From the organism to the organelle. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111059. [PMID: 32853835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Y Seo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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21
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Wilkie SE, Mulvey L, Sands WA, Marcu DE, Carter RN, Morton NM, Hine C, Mitchell JR, Selman C. Strain-specificity in the hydrogen sulphide signalling network following dietary restriction in recombinant inbred mice. GeroScience 2020; 42:801-812. [PMID: 32162209 PMCID: PMC7205779 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the ageing process by dietary restriction (DR) across multiple taxa is well established. While the exact mechanism through which DR acts remains elusive, the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) may play an important role. We employed a comparative-type approach using females from three ILSXISS recombinant inbred mouse strains previously reported to show differential lifespan responses following 40% DR. Following long-term (10 months) 40% DR, strain TejJ89—reported to show lifespan extension under DR—exhibited elevated hepatic H2S production relative to its strain-specific ad libitum (AL) control. Strain TejJ48 (no reported lifespan effect following 40% DR) exhibited significantly reduced hepatic H2S production, while H2S production was unaffected by DR in strain TejJ114 (shortened lifespan reported following 40% DR). These differences in H2S production were reflected in highly divergent gene and protein expression profiles of the major H2S production and disposal enzymes across strains. Increased hepatic H2S production in TejJ89 mice was associated with elevation of the mitochondrial H2S-producing enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). Our findings further support the potential role of H2S in DR-induced longevity and indicate the presence of genotypic-specificity in the production and disposal of hepatic H2S in response to 40% DR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Wilkie
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lorna Mulvey
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - William A Sands
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Diana E Marcu
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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22
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Crowe J, Lumb FE, Doonan J, Broussard M, Tarafdar A, Pineda MA, Landabaso C, Mulvey L, Hoskisson PA, Babayan SA, Selman C, Harnett W, Harnett MM. The parasitic worm product ES-62 promotes health- and life-span in a high calorie diet-accelerated mouse model of ageing. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008391. [PMID: 32163524 PMCID: PMC7108737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in hygiene and health management have driven significant increases in human lifespan over the last 50 years. Frustratingly however, this extension of lifespan has not been matched by equivalent improvements in late-life health, not least due to the global pandemic in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, all ageing-associated conditions exacerbated and accelerated by widespread adoption of the high calorie Western diet (HCD). Recently, evidence has begun to emerge that parasitic worm infection might protect against such ageing-associated co-morbidities, as a serendipitous side-effect of their evolution of pro-survival, anti-inflammatory mechanisms. As a novel therapeutic strategy, we have therefore investigated the potential of ES-62, an anti-inflammatory secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, to improve healthspan (the period of life before diseases of ageing appear) by targeting the chronic inflammation that drives metabolic dysregulation underpinning ageing-induced ill-health. We administered ES-62 subcutaneously (at a dose of 1 μg/week) to C57BL/6J mice undergoing HCD-accelerated ageing throughout their lifespan, while subjecting the animals to analysis of 120 immunometabolic responses at various time-points. ES-62 improved a number of inflammatory parameters, but markedly, a range of pathophysiological, metabolic and microbiome parameters of ageing were also successfully targeted. Notably, ES-62-mediated promotion of healthspan in male and female HCD-mice was associated with different mechanisms and reflecting this, machine learning modelling identified sex-specific signatures predictive of ES-62 action against HCD-accelerated ageing. Remarkably, ES-62 substantially increased the median survival of male HCD-mice. This was not the case with female animals and unexpectedly, this difference between the two sexes could not be explained in terms of suppression of the chronic inflammation driving ageing, as ES-62 tended to be more effective in reducing this in female mice. Rather, the difference appeared to be associated with ES-62's additional ability to preferentially promote a healthier gut-metabolic tissue axis in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E. Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaux Broussard
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Landabaso
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Mulvey
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Babayan
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M. Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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23
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Dawson NJ, Millet C, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Measurement of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fish gills. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb216762. [PMID: 31974221 PMCID: PMC7044462 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Physiological investigations of fish gills have traditionally centred on the two principal functions of the gills: gas exchange and ion regulation. Mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) are primarily found within the gill filaments of fish, and are thought to proliferate in order to increase the ionoregulatory capacity of the gill in response to environmentally induced osmotic challenges. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the metabolic function of mitochondria within fish gills. Here, we describe and validate a simple protocol for the permeabilization of fish gills and subsequent measurement of mitochondrial respiration rates in vitro Our protocol requires only small tissue samples (8 mg), exploits the natural structure of fish gills, does not require mechanical separation of the gill tissue (so is relatively quick to perform), and yields accurate and highly reproducible measurements of respiration rates. It offers great potential for the study of mitochondrial function in gills over a wide range of fish sizes and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal J Dawson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Millet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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24
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Lee BP, Mulvey L, Barr G, Garratt J, Goodman E, Selman C, Harries LW. Dietary restriction in ILSXISS mice is associated with widespread changes in splicing regulatory factor expression levels. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Lumb FE, Crowe J, Doonan J, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Synthetic small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 promote metabolic homeostasis during obesity in a mouse model. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 234:111232. [PMID: 31634505 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly increasing human public health problems is obesity, whose sequelae like type-2 diabetes, represent continuously worsening, life-long conditions. Over the last 15 years, data have begun to emerge from human and more frequently, mouse studies, that support the idea that parasitic worm infection can protect against this condition. We have therefore investigated the potential of two synthetic small molecule analogues (SMAs) of the anti-inflammatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62, to protect against metabolic dysfunction in a C57BL/6 J mouse model of high calorie diet-induced obesity. We found weekly subcutaneous administration of the SMAs in combination (1 μg of each), starting one week before continuous exposure to high calorie diet (HCD), decreased fasting glucose levels and reversed the impaired glucose clearance observed in male mice, when measured at approximately 7 and 13 weeks after exposure to HCD. Fasting glucose levels were also-reduced in male mice fed a HCD for some 38 weeks when given SMA-treatment 13 weeks after the start of HCD, indicating an SMA-therapeutic potential. For the most part, protective effects were not observed in female mice. SMA treatment also conferred protection against each of reduced ileum villus length and liver fibrosis, but more prominently in female mice. Previous studies in mice indicate that protection against metabolic dysfunction is usually associated with polarisation of the immune system towards a type-2/anti-inflammatory direction but our attempts to correlate improved metabolic parameters with such changes were unsuccessful. Further analysis will therefore be required to define mechanism of action. Nevertheless, overall our data clearly show the potential of the drug-like SMAs as a preventative or treatment for metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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26
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Lamarre SG, Melanson CA, McCarthy I, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Differences in mitochondrial efficiency explain individual variation in growth performance. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191466. [PMID: 31431161 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological causes of intraspecific differences in fitness components such as growth rate are currently a source of debate. It has been suggested that differences in energy metabolism may drive variation in growth, but it remains unclear whether covariation between growth rates and energy metabolism is: (i) a result of certain individuals acquiring and consequently allocating more resources to growth, and/or is (ii) determined by variation in the efficiency with which those resources are transformed into growth. Studies of individually housed animals under standardized nutritional conditions can help shed light on this debate. Here we quantify individual variation in metabolic efficiency in terms of the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by liver and muscle mitochondria and examine its effects, both on the rate of protein synthesis within these tissues and on the rate of whole-body growth of individually fed juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) receiving either a high or low food ration. As expected, fish on the high ration on average gained more in body mass and protein content than those maintained on the low ration. Yet, growth performance varied more than 10-fold among individuals on the same ration, resulting in some fish on low rations growing faster than others on the high ration. This variation in growth for a given ration was related to individual differences in mitochondrial properties: a high whole-body growth performance was associated with high mitochondrial efficiency of ATP production in the liver. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, that among-individual variation in the efficiency with which substrates are converted into ATP can help explain marked variation in growth performance, independent of food intake. This study highlights the existence of inter-individual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in whole-animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Chloé A Melanson
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Ian McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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27
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Wilkinson MJ, Selman C, McLaughlin L, Horan L, Hamilton L, Gilbert C, Chadwick C, Flynn JN. Progressing the care, husbandry and management of ageing mice used in scientific studies. Lab Anim 2019; 54:225-238. [PMID: 31403890 PMCID: PMC7301645 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219865291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the longer lifespans of humans, particularly in Westernised societies, and the need to know more about ‘healthy ageing’, ageing mice are being used increasingly in scientific research. Many departments and institutes involved with ageing research have developed their own systems to determine intervention points for potential refinements and to identify humane end points. Several good systems are in use, but variations between them could contribute to poor reproducibility of the science achieved. Working with scientific and regulatory communities in the UK, we have reviewed the clinical signs observed in ageing mice and developed recommendations for enhanced monitoring, behaviour assessment, husbandry and veterinary interventions. We advocate that the default time point for enhanced monitoring should be 15 months of age, unless prior information is available. Importantly, the enhanced monitoring should cause no additional harms to the animals. Where a mouse strain is well characterised, the onset of age-related enhanced monitoring may be modified based on knowledge of the onset of an expected age-related clinical sign. In progeroid models where ageing is accelerated, enhanced monitoring may need to be brought forward. Information on the background strain must be considered, as it influences the onset of age-related clinical signs. The range of ageing models currently used means that there will be no ‘one-size fits all’ solution. Increased awareness of the issues will lead to more refined and consistent husbandry of ageing mice, and application of humane end points will help to reduce the numbers of animals maintained for longer than is scientifically justified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Linda Horan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Norman Flynn
- Animals in Science Regulation Unit (ASRU), Home Office, UK
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28
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Page MM, Schuster EF, Mudaliar M, Herzyk P, Withers DJ, Selman C. Common and unique transcriptional responses to dietary restriction and loss of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1027-1052. [PMID: 29779018 PMCID: PMC5990393 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most widely studied non-genetic intervention capable of extending lifespan across multiple taxa. Modulation of genes, primarily within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways also act to extend lifespan in model organisms. For example, mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) are long-lived and protected against several age-associated pathologies. However, it remains unclear how these particular interventions act mechanistically to produce their beneficial effects. Here, we investigated transcriptional responses in wild-type and IRS1 null mice fed an ad libitum diet (WTAL and KOAL) or fed a 30% DR diet (WTDR or KODR). Using an RNAseq approach we noted a high correlation coefficient of differentially expressed genes existed within the same tissue across WTDR and KOAL mice and many metabolic features were shared between these mice. Overall, we report that significant overlap exists in the tissue-specific transcriptional response between long-lived DR mice and IRS1 null mice. However, there was evidence of disconnect between transcriptional signatures and certain phenotypic measures between KOAL and KODR, in that additive effects on body mass were observed but at the transcriptional level DR induced a unique set of genes in these already long-lived mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Page
- Institute des Sciences de la Vie, Faculty of Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eugene F Schuster
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manikhandan Mudaliar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Glasgow Molecular Pathology Node, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Present address: Cerevance, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden, UK.,Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Chinopoulos C, Metcalfe NB. The RCR and ATP/O Indices Can Give Contradictory Messages about Mitochondrial Efficiency. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:486-494. [PMID: 29982616 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial efficiency is typically taken to represent an animal's capacity to convert its resources into ATP. However, the term mitochondrial efficiency, as currently used in the literature, can be calculated as either the respiratory control ratio, RCR (ratio of mitochondrial respiration supporting ATP synthesis to that required to offset the proton leak) or as the amount of ATP generated per unit of oxygen consumed, ATP/O ratio. The question of how flexibility in mitochondrial energy properties (i.e., in rates of respiration to support ATP synthesis and offset proton leak, and in the rate of ATP synthesis) affects these indices of mitochondrial efficiency has tended to be overlooked. Furthermore, little is known of whether the RCR and ATP/O ratio vary in parallel, either among individuals or in response to environmental conditions. Using data from brown trout Salmo trutta we show that experimental conditions affect mitochondrial efficiency, but the apparent direction of change depends on the index chosen: a reduction in food availability was associated with an increased RCR (i.e., increased efficiency) but a decreased ATP/O ratio (decreased efficiency) in liver mitochondria. Moreover, there was a negative correlation across individuals held in identical conditions between their RCR and their ATP/O ratio. These results show that the choice of index of mitochondrial efficiency can produce different, even opposing, conclusions about the capacity of the mitochondria to produce ATP. Neither ratio is necessarily a complete measure of efficiency of ATP production in the living animal (RCR because it contains no assessment of ATP production, and ATP/O because it contains no assessment of respiration to offset the proton leak). Consequently, we suggest that a measure of mitochondrial efficiency obtained nearer to conditions where respiration simultaneously offsets the proton leak and produce ATP would be sensitive to changes in both proton leakage and ATP production, and is thus likely to be more representative of the state of the mitochondria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins-LEMAR UMR 6530, BP70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary.,MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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30
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Rached MT, Millership SJ, Pedroni SMA, Choudhury AI, Costa ASH, Hardy DG, Glegola JA, Irvine EE, Selman C, Woodberry MC, Yadav VK, Khadayate S, Vidal-Puig A, Virtue S, Frezza C, Withers DJ. Deletion of myeloid IRS2 enhances adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function and limits obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 20:38-50. [PMID: 30553769 PMCID: PMC6358539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system and immune cell interactions play key roles in the regulation of metabolism. For example, recent convergent studies have shown that macrophages regulate obesity through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) via effects upon local catecholamine availability. However, these studies have raised issues about the underlying mechanisms involved including questions regarding the production of catecholamines by macrophages, the role of macrophage polarization state and the underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages that might mediate these effects. METHODS To address such issues we generated mice lacking Irs2, which mediates the effects of insulin and interleukin 4, specifically in LyzM expressing cells (Irs2LyzM-/- mice). RESULTS These animals displayed obesity resistance and preservation of glucose homeostasis on high fat diet feeding due to increased energy expenditure via enhanced BAT activity and WAT beiging. Macrophages per se did not produce catecholamines but Irs2LyzM-/- mice displayed increased sympathetic nerve density and catecholamine availability in adipose tissue. Irs2-deficient macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile and alterations in genes involved in scavenging catecholamines and supporting increased sympathetic innervation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify a critical macrophage signaling pathway involved in the regulation of adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function that, in turn, mediates key neuroimmune effects upon systemic metabolism. The insights gained may open therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Rached
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Darran G Hardy
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Megan C Woodberry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William R Swindell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Auer SK, Selman C, Hartley RC, Mullen W, Chinopoulos C, Metcalfe NB, Williams C. Decreased mitochondrial metabolic requirements in fasting animals carry an oxidative cost. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:2149-2157. [PMID: 30333678 PMCID: PMC6175143 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many animals experience periods of food shortage in their natural environment. It has been hypothesised that the metabolic responses of animals to naturally-occurring periods of food deprivation may have long-term negative impacts on their subsequent life-history.In particular, reductions in energy requirements in response to fasting may help preserve limited resources but potentially come at a cost of increased oxidative stress. However, little is known about this trade-off since studies of energy metabolism are generally conducted separately from those of oxidative stress.Using a novel approach that combines measurements of mitochondrial function with in vivo levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in brown trout (Salmo trutta), we show here that fasting induces energy savings in a highly metabolically active organ (the liver) but at the cost of a significant increase in H2O2, an important form of reactive oxygen species (ROS).After a 2-week period of fasting, brown trout reduced their whole-liver mitochondrial respiratory capacities (state 3, state 4 and cytochrome c oxidase activity), mainly due to reductions in liver size (and hence the total mitochondrial content). This was compensated for at the level of the mitochondrion, with an increase in state 3 respiration combined with a decrease in state 4 respiration, suggesting a selective increase in the capacity to produce ATP without a concomitant increase in energy dissipated through proton leakage. However, the reduction in total hepatic metabolic capacity in fasted fish was associated with an almost two-fold increase in in vivo mitochondrial H2O2 levels (as measured by the MitoB probe).The resulting increase in mitochondrial ROS, and hence potential risk of oxidative damage, provides mechanistic insight into the trade-off between the short-term energetic benefits of reducing metabolism in response to fasting and the potential long-term costs to subsequent life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Eugenia M. Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Graeme J. Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Sonya K. Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- MTA‐SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Panagiotou N, Neytchev O, Selman C, Shiels PG. Extracellular Vesicles, Ageing, and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080110. [PMID: 30126173 PMCID: PMC6115766 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A more comprehensive understanding of the human ageing process is required to help mitigate the increasing burden of age-related morbidities in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. One exciting novel strategy that has emerged to intervene involves the use of extracellular vesicles to engender tissue regeneration. Specifically, this employs their molecular payloads to confer changes in the epigenetic landscape of ageing cells and ameliorate the loss of functional capacity. Understanding the biology of extracellular vesicles and the specific roles they play during normative ageing will allow for the development of novel cell-free therapeutic interventions. Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding of the mechanisms that drive ageing, critically explore how extracellular vesicles affect ageing processes and discuss their therapeutic potential to mitigate the effects of age-associated morbidities and improve the human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Ognian Neytchev
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Babayan SA, Sinclair A, Duprez JS, Selman C. Chronic helminth infection burden differentially affects haematopoietic cell development while ageing selectively impairs adaptive responses to infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3802. [PMID: 29491449 PMCID: PMC5830876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the lifespan of an individual, the immune system undergoes complex changes while facing novel and chronic infections. Helminths, which infect over one billion people and impose heavy livestock productivity losses, typically cause chronic infections by avoiding and suppressing host immunity. Yet, how age affects immune responses to lifelong parasitic infection is poorly understood. To disentangle the processes involved, we employed supervised statistical learning techniques to identify which factors among haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), and both innate and adaptive responses regulate parasite burdens and how they are affected by host age. Older mice harboured greater numbers of the parasites’ offspring than younger mice. Protective immune responses that did not vary with age were dominated by HSPC, while ageing specifically eroded adaptive immunity, with reduced numbers of naïve T cells, poor T cell responsiveness to parasites, and impaired antibody production. We identified immune factors consistent with previously-reported immune responses to helminths, and also revealed novel interactions between helminths and HSPC maturation. Our approach thus allowed disentangling the concurrent effects of ageing and infection across the full maturation cycle of the immune response and highlights the potential of such approaches to improve understanding of the immune system within the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Babayan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK.
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessica S Duprez
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Selman C, Sinclair A, Pedroni SMA, Irvine EE, Michie AM, Withers DJ. Evidence that hematopoietic stem cell function is preserved during aging in long-lived S6K1 mutant mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29937-43. [PMID: 27083004 PMCID: PMC5058654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway plays a highly conserved role in aging; mice lacking ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1−/−) have extended lifespan and healthspan relative to wild type (WT) controls. Exactly how reduced mTOR signalling induces such effects is unclear, although preservation of stem cell function may be important. We show, using gene expression analyses, that there was a reduction in expression of cell cycle genes in young (12 week) and aged (80 week) S6K1−/− BM-derived c-Kit+ cells when compared to age-matched WT mice, suggesting that these cells are more quiescent in S6K1−/− mice. In addition, we investigated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) frequency and function in young and aged S6K1−/− and WT mice. Young, but not aged, S6K1−/− mice had more LSK (lineage−, c-Kit+, Sca-1+) cells (% of bone marrow (BM)), including the most primitive long-term repopulating HSCs (LT-HSC) relative to WT controls. Donor-derived engraftment of LT-HSCs in recipient mice was unaffected by genotype in young mice, but was enhanced in transplants using LT-HSCs derived from aged S6K1−/− mice. Our results are the first to provide evidence that age-associated HSC functional decline is ameliorated in a long-lived mTOR mutant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- Metabolic Signaling Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- Metabolic Signaling Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- Metabolic Signaling Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, UK
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36
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Christensen LL, Selman C, Blount JD, Pilkington JG, Watt KA, Pemberton JM, Reid JM, Nussey DH. Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1407. [PMID: 27733545 PMCID: PMC5069507 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is hypothesized to be a key physiological mechanism mediating life-history trade-offs, but evidence from wild populations experiencing natural environmental variation is limited. We tested the hypotheses that increased early life growth rate increases OS, and that increased OS reduces first-winter survival, in wild Soay sheep (Ovis aries) lambs. We measured growth rate and first-winter survival for four consecutive cohorts, and measured two markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC)) and two markers of antioxidant (AOX) protection (total AOX capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) from blood samples. Faster lamb growth was weakly associated with increased MDA, but not associated with variation in the other three markers. Lambs with higher SOD activity were more likely to survive their first winter, as were male but not female lambs with lower PC concentrations. Survival did not vary with MDA or total TAC. Key predictions relating OS to growth and survival were therefore supported in some OS markers, but not others. This suggests that different markers capture different aspects of the complex relationships between individual oxidative state, physiology and fitness, and that overarching hypotheses relating OS to life-history variation cannot be supported or refuted by studying individual markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Christensen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Kathryn A Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | | | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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Mulvey L, Sands WA, Salin K, Carr AE, Selman C. Disentangling the effect of dietary restriction on mitochondrial function using recombinant inbred mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:41-53. [PMID: 27597651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan and healthspan in many species, but precisely how it elicits its beneficial effects is unclear. We investigated the impact of DR on mitochondrial function within liver and skeletal muscle of female ILSXISS mice that exhibit strain-specific variation in lifespan under 40% DR. Strains TejJ89 (lifespan increased under DR), TejJ48 (lifespan unaffected by DR) and TejJ114 (lifespan decreased under DR) were studied following 10 months of 40% DR (13 months of age). Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) within isolated liver mitochondria were unaffected by DR in TejJ89 and TejJ48, but decreased by DR in TejJ114. DR had no effect on hepatic protein levels of PGC-1a, TFAM, and OXPHOS complexes IV. Mitonuclear protein imbalance (nDNA:mtDNA ratio) was unaffected by DR, but HSP90 protein levels were reduced in TejJ114 under DR. Surprisingly hepatic mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was elevated by DR in TejJ89, with total superoxide dismutase activity and protein carbonyls increased by DR in both TejJ89 and TejJ114. In skeletal muscle, DR had no effect on mitochondrial OCR, OXPHOS complexes or mitonuclear protein imbalance, but H2O2 production was decreased in TejJ114 and nuclear PGC-1a increased in TejJ89 under DR. Our findings indicate that hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with reduced lifespan of TejJ114 mice under 40% DR, but similar dysfunction was not apparent in skeletal muscle mitochondria. We highlight tissue-specific differences in the mitochondrial response in ILSXISS mice to DR, and underline the importance and challenges of exploiting genetic heterogeneity to help understand mechanisms of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Mulvey
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - William A Sands
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amanda E Carr
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Abstract
The global increase in life expectancy is creating significant medical, social and economic challenges to current and future generations. Consequently, there is a need to identify the fundamental mechanisms underlying the ageing process. This knowledge should help develop realistic interventions capable of combatting age‐related disease, and thus improving late‐life health and vitality. While several mechanisms have been proposed as conserved lifespan determinants, the loss of proteostasis – where proteostasis is defined here as the maintenance of the proteome – appears highly relevant to both ageing and disease. Several studies have shown that multiple proteostatic mechanisms, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐induced unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, appear indispensable for longevity in many long‐lived invertebrate mutants. Similarly, interspecific comparisons suggest that proteostasis may be an important lifespan determinant in vertebrates. Over the last 20 years a number of long‐lived mouse mutants have been described, many of which carry single‐gene mutations within the growth‐hormone, insulin/IGF‐1 or mTOR signalling pathways. However, we still do not know how these mutations act mechanistically to increase lifespan and healthspan, and accordingly whether mechanistic commonality occurs between different mutants. Recent evidence supports the premise that the successful maintenance of the proteome during ageing may be linked to the increased lifespan and healthspan of long‐lived mouse mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Sands
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Melissa M Page
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Hine C, Kim HJ, Zhu Y, Harputlugil E, Longchamp A, Matos MS, Ramadoss P, Bauerle K, Brace L, Asara JM, Ozaki CK, Cheng SY, Singha S, Ahn KH, Kimmelman A, Fisher FM, Pissios P, Withers DJ, Selman C, Wang R, Yen K, Longo VD, Cohen P, Bartke A, Kopchick JJ, Miller R, Hollenberg AN, Mitchell JR. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Regulates Hydrogen Sulfide Production. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1320-1333.e5. [PMID: 28591635 PMCID: PMC5722247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood, but may overlap with those of dietary restriction (DR), which imparts similar benefits. Recently we discovered that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is increased upon DR and plays an essential role in mediating DR benefits across evolutionary boundaries. Here we found increased hepatic H2S production in long-lived mouse strains of reduced GH and/or TH action, and in a cell-autonomous manner upon serum withdrawal in vitro. Negative regulation of hepatic H2S production by GH and TH was additive and occurred via distinct mechanisms, namely direct transcriptional repression of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) by TH, and substrate-level control of H2S production by GH. Mice lacking CGL failed to downregulate systemic T4 metabolism and circulating IGF-1, revealing an essential role for H2S in the regulation of key longevity-associated hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hine
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eylul Harputlugil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Preeti Ramadoss
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Bauerle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lear Brace
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Subhankar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Alec Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ffolliott M Fisher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dominic J Withers
- Medical Research Council Clinical Science Centre, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Pathology & Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Figueira I, Fernandes A, Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Lopez-Contreras A, Henriques CM, Selman C, Ferreiro E, Gonos ES, Trejo JL, Misra J, Rasmussen LJ, Xapelli S, Ellam T, Bellantuono I. Interventions for age-related diseases: Shifting the paradigm. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:69-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Salin K, Auer SK, Rudolf AM, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:511-523. [DOI: 10.1086/688769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Auer SK, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB, Chinopoulos C. Simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in tissue homogenates and calculation of effective P/O ratios. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e13007. [PMID: 27798358 PMCID: PMC5099967 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue homogenate has greatly aided the study of the functioning of mitochondria. However, the amount of ATP produced per oxygen molecule consumed, that is, the effective P/O ratio, has never been measured directly in tissue homogenate. Here we combine and refine existing methods previously used in permeabilized cells and isolated mitochondria to simultaneously measure mitochondrial ATP production (JATP) and oxygen consumption (JO2) in tissue homogenate. A major improvement over existing methods is in the control of ATPases that otherwise interfere with the ATP assay: our modified technique facilitates simultaneous measurement of the rates of "uncorrected" ATP synthesis and of ATP hydrolysis, thus minimizing the amount of tissue and time needed. Finally, we develop a novel method of calculating effective P/O ratios which corrects measurements of JATP and JO2 for rates of nonmitochondrial ATP hydrolysis and respiration, respectively. Measurements of JATP and JO2 in liver homogenates from brown trout (Salmo trutta) were highly reproducible, although activity declined once homogenates were 2 h old. We compared mitochondrial properties from fed and food-deprived animals to demonstrate that the method can detect mitochondrial flexibility in P/O ratios in response to nutritional state. This method simplifies studies examining the mitochondrial bioenergetics of tissue homogenates, obviating the need for differential centrifugation or chemical permeabilization and avoiding the use of nonmitochondrial ATPase inhibitors. We conclude that our approach for characterizing effective P/O ratio opens up new possibilities in the study of mitochondrial function in very small samples, where the use of other methods is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microvesicles (MVs) have been recognised as mediators of stem cell function, enabling and guiding their regenerative effects. RECENT FINDINGS MVs constitute one unique size class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly shed from the cell plasma membrane. They facilitate cell-to-cell communication via intercellular transfer of proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA). MVs derived from stem cells, or stem cell regulatory cell types, have proven roles in tissue regeneration and repair processes. Their role in the maintenance of healthy tissue function throughout the life course and thus in age related health span remains to be elucidated. SUMMARY Understanding the biogenesis and mechanisms of action of MVs may enable the development of cell-free therapeutics capable of assisting in tissue maintenance and repair for a variety of age-related degenerative diseases. This review critically evaluates recent work published in this area and highlights important new findings demonstrating the use of MVs in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Wolfson Wohl, Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - R. Wayne Davies
- School of Informatics, Institute of Neural and Adaptive Computation, Informatics Forum, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Graham Kerr, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl, Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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44
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Salin K, Auer SK, Rudolf AM, Anderson GJ, Cairns AG, Mullen W, Hartley RC, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Individuals with higher metabolic rates have lower levels of reactive oxygen species in vivo. Biol Lett 2016; 11:20150538. [PMID: 26382073 PMCID: PMC4614431 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the effect of energy metabolism on oxidative stress, but much ambiguity over the relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Production of ROS (such as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) in the mitochondria is primarily inferred indirectly from measurements in vitro, which may not reflect actual ROS production in living animals. Here, we measured in vivo H2O2 content using the recently developed MitoB probe that becomes concentrated in the mitochondria of living organisms, where it is converted by H2O2 into an alternative form termed MitoP; the ratio of MitoP/MitoB indicates the level of mitochondrial H2O2 in vivo. Using the brown trout Salmo trutta, we tested whether this measurement of in vivo H2O2 content over a 24 h-period was related to interindividual variation in standard metabolic rate (SMR). We showed that the H2O2 content varied up to 26-fold among fish of the same age and under identical environmental conditions and nutritional states. Interindividual variation in H2O2 content was unrelated to mitochondrial density but was significantly associated with SMR: fish with a higher mass-independent SMR had a lower level of H2O2. The mechanism underlying this observed relationship between SMR and in vivo H2O2 content requires further investigation, but may implicate mitochondrial uncoupling which can simultaneously increase SMR but reduce ROS production. To our knowledge, this is the first study in living organisms to show that individuals with higher oxygen consumption rates can actually have lower levels of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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45
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Salin K, Auer SK, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Inadequate food intake at high temperatures is related to depressed mitochondrial respiratory capacity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1356-62. [PMID: 26944497 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals, especially ectotherms, are highly sensitive to the temperature of their surrounding environment. Extremely high temperature, for example, induces a decline of average performance of conspecifics within a population, but individual heterogeneity in the ability to cope with elevating temperatures has rarely been studied. Here, we examined inter-individual variation in feeding ability and consequent growth rate of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta acclimated to a high temperature (19°C), and investigated the relationship between these metrics of whole-animal performances and among-individual variation in mitochondrial respiration capacity. Food was provided ad libitum, yet intake varied ten-fold amongst individuals, resulting in some fish losing weight whilst others continued to grow. Almost half of the variation in food intake was related to variability in mitochondrial capacity: low intake (and hence growth failure) was associated with high leak respiration rates within liver and muscle mitochondria, and a lower coupling of muscle mitochondria. These observations, combined with the inability of fish with low food consumption to increase their intake despite ad libitum food levels, suggest a possible insufficient capacity of the mitochondria for maintaining ATP homeostasis. Individual variation in thermal performance is likely to confer variation in the upper limit of an organism's thermal niche and might affect the structure of wild populations in warming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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46
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Archer CR, Hempenstall S, Royle NJ, Selman C, Willis S, Rapkin J, Blount JD, Hunt J. Testing the Effects of DL-Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation on Oxidative Damage, Total Antioxidant Protection and the Sex-Specific Responses of Reproductive Effort and Lifespan to Dietary Manipulation in Australian Field Crickets (Teleogryllus commodus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:768-92. [PMID: 26783958 PMCID: PMC4712936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress theory predicts that the accumulation of oxidative damage causes aging. More generally, oxidative damage could be a cost of reproduction that reduces survival. Both of these hypotheses have mixed empirical support. To better understand the life-history consequences of oxidative damage, we fed male and female Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) four diets differing in their protein and carbohydrate content, which have sex-specific effects on reproductive effort and lifespan. We supplemented half of these crickets with the vitamin E isoform DL-alpha-tocopherol and measured the effects of nutrient intake on lifespan, reproduction, oxidative damage and antioxidant protection. We found a clear trade-off between reproductive effort and lifespan in females but not in males. In direct contrast to the oxidative stress theory, crickets fed diets that improved their lifespan had high levels of oxidative damage to proteins. Supplementation with DL-alpha-tocopherol did not significantly improve lifespan or reproductive effort. However, males fed diets that increased their reproductive investment experienced high oxidative damage to proteins. While this suggests that male reproductive effort could elevate oxidative damage, this was not associated with reduced male survival. Overall, these results provide little evidence that oxidative damage plays a central role in mediating life-history trade-offs in T. commodus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Max Planck Research Group, Laboratory of Survival and Longevity, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- MaxNetAging School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Sarah Hempenstall
- Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nick J Royle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Sheridan Willis
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Jon D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
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47
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Speakman JR, Blount JD, Bronikowski AM, Buffenstein R, Isaksson C, Kirkwood TBL, Monaghan P, Ozanne SE, Beaulieu M, Briga M, Carr SK, Christensen LL, Cochemé HM, Cram DL, Dantzer B, Harper JM, Jurk D, King A, Noguera JC, Salin K, Sild E, Simons MJP, Smith S, Stier A, Tobler M, Vitikainen E, Peaker M, Selman C. Oxidative stress and life histories: unresolved issues and current needs. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5745-57. [PMID: 26811750 PMCID: PMC4717350 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Life‐history theory concerns the trade‐offs that mold the patterns of investment by animals between reproduction, growth, and survival. It is widely recognized that physiology plays a role in the mediation of life‐history trade‐offs, but the details remain obscure. As life‐history theory concerns aspects of investment in the soma that influence survival, understanding the physiological basis of life histories is related, but not identical, to understanding the process of aging. One idea from the field of aging that has gained considerable traction in the area of life histories is that life‐history trade‐offs may be mediated by free radical production and oxidative stress. We outline here developments in this field and summarize a number of important unresolved issues that may guide future research efforts. The issues are as follows. First, different tissues and macromolecular targets of oxidative stress respond differently during reproduction. The functional significance of these changes, however, remains uncertain. Consequently there is a need for studies that link oxidative stress measurements to functional outcomes, such as survival. Second, measurements of oxidative stress are often highly invasive or terminal. Terminal studies of oxidative stress in wild animals, where detailed life‐history information is available, cannot generally be performed without compromising the aims of the studies that generated the life‐history data. There is a need therefore for novel non‐invasive measurements of multi‐tissue oxidative stress. Third, laboratory studies provide unrivaled opportunities for experimental manipulation but may fail to expose the physiology underpinning life‐history effects, because of the benign laboratory environment. Fourth, the idea that oxidative stress might underlie life‐history trade‐offs does not make specific enough predictions that are amenable to testing. Moreover, there is a paucity of good alternative theoretical models on which contrasting predictions might be based. Fifth, there is an enormous diversity of life‐history variation to test the idea that oxidative stress may be a key mediator. So far we have only scratched the surface. Broadening the scope may reveal new strategies linked to the processes of oxidative damage and repair. Finally, understanding the trade‐offs in life histories and understanding the process of aging are related but not identical questions. Scientists inhabiting these two spheres of activity seldom collide, yet they have much to learn from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Anne M Bronikowski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University 251 Bessey Hall Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Physiology, Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Research UTHSCSA 15355 Lambda Drive San Antonio Texas 78245
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 37 Lund 223 62 Sweden
| | - Tom B L Kirkwood
- The Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Level 4 Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Michaël Beaulieu
- Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12 Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - Michael Briga
- Behavioral Biology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Sarah K Carr
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Level 4 Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Louise L Christensen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | - Dominic L Cram
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jim M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences Sam Houston State University 1900 Avenue I LDB 100B Huntsville Texas 77341
| | - Diana Jurk
- The Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Annette King
- The Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Jose C Noguera
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Elin Sild
- Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 37 Lund 223 62 Sweden
| | - Mirre J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Shona Smith
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Antoine Stier
- Department Ecology, Physiology et Ethology University of Strasbourg - IPHC (UMR7178) 23, rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Michael Tobler
- Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 37 Lund 223 62 Sweden
| | - Emma Vitikainen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | | | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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48
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Christensen LL, Selman C, Blount JD, Pilkington JG, Watt KA, Pemberton JM, Reid JM, Nussey DH. Plasma markers of oxidative stress are uncorrelated in a wild mammal. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5096-108. [PMID: 26640685 PMCID: PMC4662306 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between the production of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species versus antioxidant defenses and repair mechanisms, has been proposed as an important mediator of life‐history trade‐offs. A plethora of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress exist, but few ecological studies have examined the relationships among different markers in organisms experiencing natural conditions or tested whether those relationships are stable across different environments and demographic groups. It is therefore not clear to what extent studies of different markers can be compared, or whether studies that focus on a single marker can draw general conclusions regarding oxidative stress. We measured widely used markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) from 706 plasma samples collected over a 4‐year period in a wild population of Soay sheep on St Kilda. We quantified the correlation structure among these four markers across the entire sample set and also within separate years, age groups (lambs and adults), and sexes. We found some moderately strong correlations between some pairs of markers when data from all 4 years were pooled. However, these correlations were caused by considerable among‐year variation in mean marker values; correlation coefficients were small and not significantly different from zero after accounting for among‐year variation. Furthermore, within each year, age, and sex subgroup, the pairwise correlation coefficients among the four markers were weak, nonsignificant, and distributed around zero. In addition, principal component analysis confirmed that the four markers represented four independent axes of variation. Our results suggest that plasma markers of oxidative stress may vary dramatically among years, presumably due to environmental conditions, and that this variation can induce population‐level correlations among markers even in the absence of any correlations within contemporaneous subgroups. The absence of any consistent correlations within years or demographic subgroups implies that care must be taken when generalizing from observed relationships with oxidative stress markers, as each marker may reflect different and potentially uncoupled biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Christensen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER) Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Kathryn A Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn E Fletcher
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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50
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Salin K, Auer SK, Rey B, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Variation in the link between oxygen consumption and ATP production, and its relevance for animal performance. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151028. [PMID: 26203001 PMCID: PMC4528520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often assumed that an animal's metabolic rate can be estimated through measuring the whole-organism oxygen consumption rate. However, oxygen consumption alone is unlikely to be a sufficient marker of energy metabolism in many situations. This is due to the inherent variability in the link between oxidation and phosphorylation; that is, the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by mitochondria (P/O ratio). In this article, we describe how the P/O ratio can vary within and among individuals, and in response to a number of environmental parameters, including diet and temperature. As the P/O ratio affects the efficiency of cellular energy production, its variability may have significant consequences for animal performance, such as growth rate and reproductive output. We explore the adaptive significance of such variability and hypothesize that while a reduction in the P/O ratio is energetically costly, it may be associated with advantages in terms of somatic maintenance through reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we discuss how considering variation in mitochondrial efficiency, together with whole-organism oxygen consumption, can permit a better understanding of the relationship between energy metabolism and life history for studies in evolutionary ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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