SYSTEMIC ABSORPTION OF ADRENALINE FROM THE CEREBRAL FLUID SPACES OF THE CAT

An excitatory action of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the spinal cord

1. Fasciculation was produced in the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles of anaesthetized cats by adrenaline, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) put into the cisterna magna. Isoprenaline, similarly applied, was ineffective.2. Each of the three active amines was without effect when applied for a second time after the fasciculation in response to the first application had passed off, but 5-HT was effective after adrenaline and, similarly, adrenaline after 5-HT.3. Fasciculation produced by adrenaline, but not by 5-HT, was inhibited by ergotamine or phenoxybenzamine, given intravenously.4. In producing fasciculation, the adrenaline appeared to be acting on or through the lateral aspect of the upper cervical cord, about the line of emergence of the roots of the spinal accessory nerve, mainly in C1 and C2.5. The electromyograms of the fasciculation due to adrenaline and 5-HT showed intermittent bursts of activity. After adrenaline, the bursts consisted of fewer spikes than after 5-HT. The intervals between consecutive spikes were 3.75-5 msec after either amine, and the bursts occurred irregularly, at frequencies between 7 and 12/sec.6. It is suggested that adrenaline and 5-HT have excitatory actions on the dendrites or somata of the spinal accessory motor neurones, and the possible role of these amines as synaptic transmitters in the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve is discussed.

Some shortcomings of direct intraventricular injection in mice

The use of X-ray photography following injection of iophendylate to verify that intraventricular injections in mice have been satisfactorily accomplished is misleading since it fails to detect leakage into the periphery. Radioactive labelling reveals that a substantial proportion of the injected material is rapidly carried to the periphery in the bloodstream.