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Li B, Jiao K, Wang B, Gou H, Chai C, Lu Y, Liu J. Sulfur Dioxide Alleviates Organ Damage and Inflammatory Response in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Rat. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01168-9. [PMID: 38829503 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which sulfur dioxide (SO2) alleviates organ damage during sepsis using RNA-Seq technology. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was established in rats, and the effects of SO2 treatment on organ damage were assessed through histopathological examinations. RNA-Seq was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and subsequent functional annotations and enrichment analyses were conducted. The CLP model successfully induced sepsis symptoms in rats. Histopathological evaluation revealed that SO2 treatment considerably reduced tissue damage across the heart, kidney, liver, and lungs. RNA-Seq identified 950 DEGs between treated and untreated groups, with significant enrichment in genes associated with ribosomal and translational activities, amino acid metabolism, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showcased enrichments in pathways related to transcriptional regulation, cellular migration, proliferation, and calcium-ion binding. In conclusion, SO2 effectively mitigates multi-organ damage induced by CLP sepsis, potentially through modulating gene expression patterns related to critical biological processes and signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of SO2 in managing sepsis-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Keping Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Hongzhong Gou
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Chen Chai
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Province Maternal and Child Health Hospital/Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China.
- , No.1 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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3
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Wachoski-Dark E, Zhao T, Khan A, Shutt TE, Greenway SC. Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063353. [PMID: 35328774 PMCID: PMC8953902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial disorders impact tissues with high energetic demands and can be associated with cardiac muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) and early mortality. However, the mechanistic link between mitochondrial disease and the development of cardiomyopathy is frequently unclear. In addition, there is often marked phenotypic heterogeneity between patients, even between those with the same genetic variant, which is also not well understood. Several of the mitochondrial cardiomyopathies are related to defects in the maintenance of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. This essential process involves the importing, sorting, folding and degradation of preproteins into fully functional mature structures inside mitochondria. Disrupted mitochondrial proteostasis interferes with mitochondrial energetics and ATP production, which can directly impact cardiac function. An inability to maintain proteostasis can result in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitophagy or even apoptosis. We review the known mitochondrial diseases that have been associated with cardiomyopathy and which arise from mutations in genes that are important for mitochondrial proteostasis. Genes discussed include DnaJ heat shock protein family member C19 (DNAJC19), mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16 (MAGMAS), translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (TIMM50), mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIPEP), X-prolyl-aminopeptidase 3 (XPNPEP3), HtraA serine peptidase 2 (HTRA2), caseinolytic mitochondrial peptidase chaperone subunit B (CLPB) and heat shock 60-kD protein 1 (HSPD1). The identification and description of disorders with a shared mechanism of disease may provide further insights into the disease process and assist with the identification of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wachoski-Dark
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- M.A.G.I.C. Inc., Calgary, AB T2E 7Z4, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.E.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Steven C. Greenway
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.E.S.); (S.C.G.)
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4
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Sulzbacher MM, Sulzbacher LM, Passos FR, Bilibio BLE, Althaus WF, Weizenmann L, de Oliveira K, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. A single dose of eHSP72 attenuates sepsis severity in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9198. [PMID: 32513986 PMCID: PMC7280184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of extracellular 72 kDa heat shock protein (eHSP72) can be detected in the serum of septic patients and are associated with increased oxidative profiles and elevated rates of mortality among these patients. However, a possible immunomodulatory role for this protein, resulting in tissue protection during sepsis, has never been assessed. In this study, we investigated whether eHSP72 administration could attenuate the severity of sepsis in a mouse peritonitis model. Animals (90-day-old male C57BL/6J mice) were divided into Sepsis (n = 8) and Sepsis + eHSP72 (n = 9) groups, which both received injections of 20% fecal solution [1 mg/g body weight (wt), intraperitoneal (i.p.)], to trigger peritonitis induced-sepsis, whereas a Control group (n = 7) received a saline injection. eHSP72 was administered (1.33 ng/g body wt) to the Sepsis+eHSP72 group, 12 h after sepsis induction. All animals were evaluated for murine sepsis score (MSS), hemogram, core temperature, and glycemia (before and 4, 12, and 24 h after sepsis induction). Treatment with eHSP72 promoted reduced sepsis severity 24 h after sepsis induction, based on MSS scores (Control = 1.14 ± 1.02; Sepsis = 11.07 ± 7.24, and Sepsis + eHSP72 = 5.62 ± 1.72, P < 0.001) and core temperatures (°C; Control = 37.48 ± 0.58; Sepsis = 35.17 ± 2.88, and Sepsis + eHSP72 = 36.94 ± 2.02; P = 0.006). eHSP72 treatment also limited the oxidative profile and respiratory dysfunction in mice with sepsis. Although sepsis modified glycemic levels and white and red blood cell counts, these variables were not influenced by eHSP72 treatment (P > 0.05). Finally, eHSP72 improved the survival rate after sepsis (P = 0.0371). Together, our results indicated that eHSP72 may ameliorate sepsis severity and possibly improve some sepsis indices in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rafael Passos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia Endl Bilibio
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington Felipe Althaus
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Weizenmann
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauana de Oliveira
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Kim W, Ryu J, Kim JE. CCAR2/DBC1 and Hsp60 Positively Regulate Expression of Survivin in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010131. [PMID: 30609639 PMCID: PMC6337645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAR2 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2) controls a variety of cellular functions; however, its main function is to regulate cell survival and cell death in response to genotoxic and metabolic stresses. Recently, we reported that CCAR2 protects cells from apoptosis following mitochondrial stress, possibly by co-operating with Hsp60. However, it is not clear how CCAR2 and Hsp60 control cell survival and death. Here, we found that depleting CCAR2 and Hsp60 downregulated expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. Survivin expression in neuroblastoma tissues and human cancer cell lines correlated positively with expression of CCAR2 and Hsp60. Furthermore, high expression of CCAR2, Hsp60, and survivin was associated with poor survival of neuroblastoma patients. In summary, both CCAR2 and Hsp60 are required for expression of survivin, and both promote cancer cell survival, at least in part, by maintaining survivin expression. Therefore, CCAR2, Hsp60, and survivin are candidate tumor biomarkers and prognostic markers in neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wootae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jaewook Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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6
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Deniset JF, Hedley TE, Hlaváčková M, Chahine MN, Dibrov E, O'Hara K, Maddaford GG, Nelson D, Maddaford TG, Fandrich R, Kardami E, Pierce GN. Heat shock protein 60 involvement in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2018; 47:44-51. [PMID: 29596871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a mediator of stress-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. This study will determine, first, if the mitochondrial or cytoplasmic localization of Hsp60 is critical to VSMC proliferation and, second, the mechanism of Hsp60 induction of VSMC proliferation with a focus on modification of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. METHODS AND RESULTS Hsp60 was overexpressed in primary rabbit VSMCs with or without a mitochondrial targeting sequence (AdHsp60mito-). Both interventions induced an increase in VSMC PCNA expression and proliferation. The increase in VSMC PCNA expression and growth was not observed after siRNA-mediated knockdown of Hsp60 expression. Nuclear protein import in VSMC was measured by fluorescent microscopy using a microinjected fluorescent import substrate. Nuclear protein import was stimulated by both AdHsp60 and AdHsp60mito- treatments. AdHsp60 treatment also induced increases in nucleoporin (Nup) 62, Nup153, importin-α, importin-β and Ran expression as well as cellular ATP levels compared to control. AdHsp60mito- treatment induced an up-regulation in importin-α, importin-β and Ran expression compared to control. Hsp60 knockdown did not change nuclear protein import nor the expression of any nuclear transport receptors or nucleoporins. Both heat shock treatment and Hsp60 overexpression promoted the interaction of Ran with Hsp60. CONCLUSIONS VSMC proliferation can be modulated via an Hsp60 dependent, cytosol localized mechanism that in part involves a stimulation of nuclear protein import through an interaction with Ran. This novel cellular signaling role for Hsp60 may be important in growth-based vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Deniset
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Thomas E Hedley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Markéta Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirna N Chahine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Kim O'Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Graham G Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - David Nelson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Robert Fandrich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada.
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Kim W, Cheon MG, Kim JE. Mitochondrial CCAR2/DBC1 is required for cell survival against rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:782-789. [PMID: 28254432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CCAR2 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 2; formerly DBC1, deleted in breast cancer 1) functions in diverse cellular processes including responses to genotoxic and metabolic stresses. However, its role in the mitochondrial stress response has not been fully elucidated. To investigate how CCAR2 regulates stress response, we purified CCAR2-containing complexes. Interestingly, the results revealed that CCAR2 localized to the mitochondria, and also bound Hsp60 (heat shock protein 60), a mitochondrial chaperone. The binding of CCAR2 to Hsp60 increased following rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress. The deficiencies in CCAR2 and Hsp60 also disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby promoting apoptosis following mitochondrial stress. In summary, the CCAR2-Hsp60 complex promoted cell survival during mitochondrial stress-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that CCAR2 is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wootae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Cao Z, Robinson RAS. The role of proteomics in understanding biological mechanisms of sepsis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:35-52. [PMID: 24339042 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory state caused by infection. Complications of this infection with multiple organ failure lead to more lethal conditions, such as severe sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of US deaths. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity may be helpful for early diagnosis of sepsis and for improvement of patient outcomes through the development of new therapies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers powerful tools to identify such biomarkers and furthermore to give insight to fundamental mechanisms of this clinical condition. In this review, we summarize findings from proteomics studies of sepsis and how their applications have provided more understanding into the pathogenesis of septic infection. Literatures related to "proteomics", "sepsis", "systemic inflammatory response syndrome", "severe sepsis", "septic infection", and "multiple organ dysfunction syndrome" were searched using PubMed. Findings about neonatal and adult sepsis are discussed separately. Within the adult sepsis studies, results are grouped based on the models (e.g., human or animal). Across investigations in clinical populations and in rodent and mammalian animal models, biological pathways, such as inflammatory and acute phase response, coagulation, complement, mitochondrial energy metabolism, chaperones, and oxidative stress, are altered at the protein level. These proteomics studies have discovered many novel biomarker candidates of septic infection. Validation the clinical use of these biomarker candidates may significantly impact the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms revealed by these studies may also guide the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Wu KLH, Wu CA, Wu CW, Chan SHH, Chang AYW, Chan JYH. Redox-sensitive oxidation and phosphorylation of PTEN contribute to enhanced activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in rostral ventrolateral medulla and neurogenic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:36-50. [PMID: 22746319 PMCID: PMC3503464 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) is enhanced under hypertension. The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, and its activity is redox-sensitive. In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in neurogenic hypertension. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that redox-sensitive inactivation of PTEN results in enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling in RVLM, leading to neurogenic hypertension. RESULTS Compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, PTEN inactivation in the form of oxidation and phosphorylation were greater in RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PTEN inactivation was accompanied by augmented PI3K activity and PI3K/Akt signaling, as reflected by the increase in phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin. Intracisternal infusion of tempol or microinjection into the bilateral RVLM of adenovirus encoding superoxide dismutase significantly antagonized the PTEN inactivation and blunted the enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling in SHR. Gene transfer of PTEN to RVLM in SHR also abrogated the enhanced Akt activation and promoted antihypertension. Silencing PTEN expression in RVLM with small-interfering RNA, on the other hand, augmented PI3K/Akt signaling and promoted long-term pressor response in normotensive WKY rats. INNOVATION The present study demonstrated for the first time that the redox-sensitive check-and-balance process between PTEN and PI3K/Akt signaling is engaged in the pathogenesis of hypertension. CONCLUSION We conclude that an aberrant interplay between the redox-sensitive PTEN and PI3k/Akt signaling in RVLM underpins neural mechanism of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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10
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Wu KLH, Chen CH, Shih CD. Nontranscriptional activation of PI3K/Akt signaling mediates hypotensive effect following activation of estrogen receptor β in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:76. [PMID: 22897791 PMCID: PMC3438069 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen acts on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons are located, to elicit vasodepressor effects via an estrogen receptor (ER)β-dependent mechanism. We investigated in the present study nontranscriptional mechanism on cardiovascular effects following activation of ERβ in the RVLM, and delineated the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (Akt) signaling pathway in the effects. Methods In male Sprague–Dawley rats maintained under propofol anesthesia, changes in arterial pressure, heart rate and sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone were examined after microinjection bilaterally into RVLM of 17β-estradiol (E2β) or a selective ERα or ERβ agonist. Involvement of ER subtypes and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the induced cardiovascular effects were studied using pharmacological tools of antagonists or inhibitors, gene manipulation with antisense oligonucleotide (ASON) or adenovirus-mediated gene transfection. Results Similar to E2β (1 pmol), microinjection of ERβ agonist, diarylpropionitrile (DPN, 1, 2 or 5 pmol), into bilateral RVLM evoked dose-dependent hypotension and reduction in sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone. These vasodepressive effects of DPN (2 pmol) were inhibited by ERβ antagonist, R,R-tetrahydrochrysene (50 pmol), ASON against ERβ mRNA (250 pmol), PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (5 pmol), or Akt inhibitor (250 pmol), but not by ERα inhibitor, methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (1 nmol), or transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D (5 or 10 nmol). Gene transfer by microinjection into bilateral RVLM of adenovirus encoding phosphatase and tensin homologues deleted on chromosome 10 (5 × 108 pfu) reversed the vasodepressive effects of DPN. Conclusions Our results indicate that vasodepressive effects following activation of ERβ in RVLM are mediated by nongenomic activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides new insight in the intracellular signaling cascades involved in central vasodepressive functions of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, 20 Weishin Road, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan
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11
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Chuang YC, Lin TK, Huang HY, Chang WN, Liou CW, Chen SD, Chang AYW, Chan SHH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ/mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 signaling protects against seizure-induced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following experimental status epilepticus. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:184. [PMID: 22849356 PMCID: PMC3444895 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Status epilepticus induces subcellular changes that may lead to neuronal cell death in the hippocampus. However, the mechanism of seizure-induced neuronal cell death remains unclear. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is expressed in selected regions of the brain and is emerged as an endogenous neuroprotective molecule in many neurological disorders. We evaluated the neuroprotective role of UCP2 against seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death under experimental status epilepticus. Methods In Sprague–Dawley rats, kainic acid (KA) was microinjected unilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield to induce prolonged bilateral seizure activity. Oxidized protein level, translocation of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c between cytosol and mitochondria, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) and UCP2 were examined in the hippocampal CA3 subfield following KA-induced status epilepticus. The effects of microinjection bilaterally into CA3 area of a PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone or a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662 on UCP2 expression, induced superoxide anion (O2· -) production, oxidized protein level, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities, translocation of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c, and DNA fragmentation in bilateral CA3 subfields were examined. Results Increased oxidized proteins and mitochondrial or cytosol translocation of Bax or cytochrome c in the hippocampal CA3 subfield was observed 3–48 h after experimental status epilepticus. Expression of PPARγ and UCP2 increased 12–48 h after KA-induced status epilepticus. Pretreatment with rosiglitazone increased UCP2 expression, reduced protein oxidation, O2· - overproduction and dysfunction of mitochondrial Complex I, hindered the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c, and reduced DNA fragmentation in the CA3 subfield. Pretreatment with GW9662 produced opposite effects. Conclusions Activation of PPARγ upregulated mitochondrial UCP2 expression, which decreased overproduction of reactive oxygen species, improved mitochondrial Complex I dysfunction, inhibited mitochondrial translocation of Bax and prevented cytosolic release of cytochrome c by stabilizing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to amelioration of apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Wu CHY, Chan JYH, Chou JLJ, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. Engagement of ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination at rostral ventrolateral medulla in experimental brain death. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:48. [PMID: 22545670 PMCID: PMC3410792 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas brain death is a vitally important clinical phenomenon, our contemporary understanding on its underlying cellular mechanisms remains elusive. This study evaluated whether the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a neural substrate that our laboratory identified previously to be intimately related to brain death, is engaged in this fatal process. Methods We performed proteomics, Western Blot, real-time PCR, ELISA and pharmacological experiments in conjunction with a clinically relevant experimental endotoxemia model of brain death based on intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Results Proteomics, Western blot and enzyme activity analyses demonstrated that polyubiquitination was preserved and de-ubiquitination by ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme-L1 (UCH-L1) was sustained, alongside increased monoubiquitin availability or proteasome activity in RVLM over the course of experimental endotoxemia. However, real-time PCR revealed no significant alteration in proteasome subunit alpha type-1, ubiquitin or UCH-L1 at mRNA level. Functionally, whereas microinjection into the bilateral RVLM of proteasome inhibitors (lactacystin or proteasome inhibitor II) potentiated survival, an inhibitor of ubiquitin-recycling (ubiquitin aldehyde) or an UCH-L1 inhibitor exacerbated mortality. Conclusions We proposed previously that the progression towards brain death entails a tug-of-war between pro-death and pro-life programs in RVLM. It is conceivable that ubiquitination or de-ubiquitination in RVLM participate in brain death by regulating the degradation of the proteins involved in those programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Y Wu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Altered proteomic pattern in platelets of rats with sepsis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 48:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wu CHY, Chan JYH, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. A double-edged sword role for ubiquitin-proteasome system in brain stem cardiovascular regulation during experimental brain death. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27404. [PMID: 22110641 PMCID: PMC3215722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain stem cardiovascular regulatory dysfunction during brain death is underpinned by an upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the origin of a life-and-death signal detected from blood pressure of comatose patients that disappears before brain death ensues. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) may be involved in the synthesis and degradation of NOS II. We assessed the hypothesis that the UPS participates in brain stem cardiovascular regulation during brain death by engaging in both synthesis and degradation of NOS II in RVLM. Methodology/Principal Findings In a clinically relevant experimental model of brain death using Sprague-Dawley rats, pretreatment by microinjection into the bilateral RVLM of proteasome inhibitors (lactacystin or proteasome inhibitor II) antagonized the hypotension and reduction in the life-and-death signal elicited by intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). On the other hand, pretreatment with an inhibitor of ubiquitin-recycling (ubiquitin aldehyde) or ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCH-L1) potentiated the elicited hypotension and blunted the prevalence of the life-and-death signal. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments further showed that the proteasome inhibitors antagonized the augmented nuclear presence of NF-κB or binding between NF-κB and nos II promoter and blunted the reduced cytosolic presence of phosphorylated IκB. The already impeded NOS II protein expression by proteasome inhibitor II was further reduced after gene-knockdown of NF-κB in RVLM. In animals pretreated with UCH-L1 inhibitor and died before significant increase in nos II mRNA occurred, NOS II protein expression in RVLM was considerably elevated. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that UPS participates in the defunct and maintained brain stem cardiovascular regulation during experimental brain death by engaging in both synthesis and degradation of NOS II at RVLM. Our results provide information on new therapeutic initiatives against this fatal eventuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H. Y. Wu
- Center for Translation Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Center for Translation Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H. H. Chan
- Center for Translation Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (AYWC); (SHHC)
| | - Alice Y. W. Chang
- Center for Translation Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (AYWC); (SHHC)
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Evidence for cellular injury in the midbrain of rats following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 41:158-69. [PMID: 21291996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Complex behavioural disabilities, as well as pain, characterise neuropathic pain conditions for which clinical treatment is sought. In rats, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve evokes, allodynia and hyperalgesia as well as three distinct patterns of disability, characterised by changes in social and sleep-wake behaviours: (i) Pain & Disability; (ii) Pain & Transient Disability and (iii) Pain alone. Importantly, the degree of allodynia and hyperalgesia is identical for each of these groups. Social-interactions and sleep-wake behaviours are regulated by neural networks, which converge on the periaqueductal grey (PAG). Rats with Pain & Disability show astrocyte activation restricted to the lateral and ventrolateral PAG. Reactive astrocytes are a hallmark of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for the mRNAs encoding Bax, Bcl-2, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), mitogen activated kinase kinase (MEK2) and iNOS was performed on the dorsal midbrains of individual, disability characterised rats, extending our earlier Gene-Chip data, showing a select up-regulation of Bax and MEK2 mRNA, and a down-regulation of HSP60 mRNA, in Pain & Disability rats. The anatomical location of TUNEL and cleaved-caspase-3 immunoreactive profiles in the midbrain was also identified. Rats with Pain & Disability showed: (i) pro-apoptotic ratios of Bax:Bcl-2 mRNAs; (ii) decreased HSP60 mRNA; (iii) increased iNOS and MEK2 mRNAs; (iv) TUNEL-positive profiles in the lateral and ventrolateral PAG; and (v) caspase-3 immunoreactive neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Cell death in these specific midbrain regions may underlie the disabilities characterising this subgroup of nerve-injured rats.
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Abstract
Critical illness, such as sepsis or septic shock with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. The complexity of critical illness requires a robust methodology to explore the underlying mechanisms. Proteomics represents a powerful postgenomic biotechnology used for simultaneous examination of a large number of proteins or the proteome. Recent progress in proteomic techniques allows thorough evaluation of molecular changes associated with critical illness, thereby permitting to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review provides an update on the recent progress and potential of rapidly evolving proteomics approach to facilitate new discoveries in the field of critical care medicine.
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Liu YC, Chan JY, Tsai YC. Influence of Propofol on Blood Pressure Spectrum in Sepsis and the Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 47:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-4597(09)60026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alterations in rat serum proteome and metabolome as putative disease markers in sepsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:1065-75. [PMID: 19359916 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181958ad7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite a decreased mortality from sepsis, the absolute number of sepsis-related deaths has actually increased during the last years. At present, there are no biological markers available that can reliably assist early clinical diagnosis and the prompt initiation of therapy. This study investigated the changes in serum protein expression in a coecal ligature and puncture model of rat sepsis at 12, 24, and 48 hours after the induction of sepsis using differential proteomics. METHODS Sixty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a sepsis group (coecal ligature and puncture; n = 46) or a sham group (n = 16). Surviving rats were killed 12 hour (n = 6), 24 hour (n = 9), or 48 hour (n = 4) after operation, and their serum lysates were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. A systematic functional network mapping and molecular pathway analysis were performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. RESULTS Septic mortality was 58.7%, but no rat of the sham group was lost. Per gel, an average of 1,082 +/- 10 spots could be discriminated, of which 40 different protein spots were differentially expressed (p < 0.01). From the total of 40, the number of regulated protein spots was 13 (12 hour group) versus 10 (24 hour group) versus 18 (48 hour group). Ingenuity pathways analysis identified 10 of the differential proteins and allocated them to a pathway of tissue inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The present study quantitatively detected several proteins differentially expressed in acute sepsis. Since a longer time-period was investigated and compared with previous studies, the results may offer new insights into septic organ dysfunction and altered protein pathways. The horizontal analysis of protein expression arrays and systematic biochemical pathways may represent an important new tool for the clinical assessment of septic conditions and support the development of early sepsis markers.
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Differential protection against oxidative stress and nitric oxide overproduction in cardiovascular and pulmonary systems by propofol during endotoxemia. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:8. [PMID: 19272174 PMCID: PMC2653513 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative injury of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems contribute to fatal cardiovascular depression during endotoxemia. We investigated in the present study the relative contribution of oxidative stress and NO to cardiovascular depression during different stages of endotoxemia, and delineated their roles in cardiovascular protective effects of a commonly used anesthetic propofol during endotoxemia. Methods Experimental endotoxemia was induced by systemic injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under propofol (15 or 30 mg/kg/h, i.v.) anesthesia. Mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 6 h after the endotoxin. Tissue level of NO was measured by chemical reduction-linked chemiluminescence and oxidative burst activity was determined using dihydroethidium method. Expression of NO synthase (NOS) was determined by immunoblotting. The Scheffé multiple range test was used for post hoc statistical analysis. Results Systemic injection of LPS (15 mg/kg) induced biphasic decreases in MSAP and HR. In the heart, lung and aorta, an abrupt increase in lipid peroxidation, our experimental index of oxidative tissue injury, was detected in early stage and sustained during late stage cardiovascular depression. LPS injection, on the other hand, induced a gradual increase in tissue nitrite and nitrate levels in the same organs that peaked during late stage endotoxemia. Propofol infusion (15 or 30 mg/kg/h, i.v.) significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation in the heart, lung and aorta during early and late stage endotoxemia. High dose (30 mg/kg/h, i.v.) propofol also reversed the LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) upregulation and NO production in the aorta, alongside a significant amelioration of late stage cardiovascular depression and increase in survival time during endotoxemia. Conclusion Together these results suggest that oxidative injury and NO may play a differential role in LPS-induced cardiovascular depression. Oxidative tissue injury is associated with both early and late stage; whereas NO is engaged primarily in late stage cardiovascular depression. Moreover, propofol anesthesia may protect against fatal cardiovascular depression during endotoxemia by attenuating the late stage NO surge in the aorta, possibly via inhibition of iNOS upregulation by the endotoxin.
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Chuang YC, Chen SD, Liou CW, Lin TK, Chang WN, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. Contribution of nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and peroxynitrite to activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in hippocampal CA3 subfield following experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2008; 50:731-46. [PMID: 19178557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One cellular consequence of status epilepticus is apoptosis in the hippocampal CA3 subfield. We evaluated the hypothesis that the repertoire of cellular events that underlie such elicited cell death entails mitochondrial dysfunction induced by an excessive production of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II)-derived NO, increased superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, and peroxynitrite formation. METHODS In Sprague-Dawley rats, kainic acid was microinjected unilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield to induce bilateral seizure-like electroencephalography (EEG) activity. The effects of pretreatments with various test agents on the induced O(2)(-) production, peroxynitrite formation, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities, cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling, and DNA fragmentation in bilateral CA3 subfields were examined. RESULTS Significantly and temporally correlated increase in O(2)(-) and peroxynitrite levels (3 to 24 h), depressed mitochondrial Complex I activity (3 h), enhanced translocation of cytochrome c to cytosol (day 1), and augmented activated caspase-3 (day 7) and DNA fragmentation (day 7) were detected bilaterally in hippocampal CA3 subfields after the elicitation of sustained seizure. Pretreatment with microinjection into the bilateral hippocampal CA3 subfield of a water-soluble formulation of coenzyme Q(10); a selective NOS II inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea; a superoxide dismutase mimetic, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl; an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, 5,10, 15,20-tetrakis-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)- porphyrinato iron (III); or a peroxynitrite scavenger, L-cysteine significantly blunted these cellular events. DISCUSSION Prolonged seizures prompted NO-, O(2)(-)-, and peroxynitrite-dependent reduction in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme Complex I activity, leading to cytochrome c/caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal CA3 subfield after induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Mitochondrial hsp60 chaperonopathy causes an autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative disorder linked to brain hypomyelination and leukodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 83:30-42. [PMID: 18571143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HMLs) are disorders involving aberrant myelin formation. The prototype of primary HMLs is the X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) caused by mutations in PLP1. Recently, homozygous mutations in GJA12 encoding connexin 47 were found in patients with autosomal-recessive Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD). However, many patients of both genders with PMLD carry neither PLP1 nor GJA12 mutations. We report a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin kindred with clinical and radiological findings compatible with PMLD, in which linkage to PLP1 and GJA12 was excluded. Using homozygosity mapping and mutation analysis, we have identified a homozygous missense mutation (D29G) not previously described in HSPD1, encoding the mitochondrial heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in all affected individuals. The D29G mutation completely segregates with the disease-associated phenotype. The pathogenic effect of D29G on Hsp60-chaperonin activity was verified by an in vivo E. coli complementation assay, which demonstrated compromised ability of the D29G-Hsp60 mutant protein to support E. coli survival, especially at high temperatures. The disorder, which we have termed MitCHAP-60 disease, can be distinguished from spastic paraplegia 13 (SPG13), another Hsp60-associated autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder, by its autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern, as well as by its early-onset, profound cerebral involvement and lethality. Our findings suggest that Hsp60 defects can cause neurodegenerative pathologies of varying severity, not previously suspected on the basis of the SPG13 phenotype. These findings should help to clarify the important role of Hsp60 in myelinogenesis and neurodegeneration.
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Chandra D, Choy G, Tang DG. Cytosolic Accumulation of HSP60 during Apoptosis with or without Apparent Mitochondrial Release. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:31289-301. [PMID: 17823127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702777200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most heat shock proteins (HSPs) have pro-survival functions. However, the role of HSP60, a mitochondrial matrix protein, is somewhat controversial with both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic functions reported. Here we show that in numerous apoptotic systems HSP60 protein accumulates in the cytosol. In BMD188-induced cell death, HSP60 accumulates in the cytosol with significant mitochondrial release. In contrast, in apoptosis induced by multiple other inducers, the cytosolic HSP60 accumulates without an apparent mitochondrial release. The short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown experiments revealed that in BMD188-induced apoptosis, HSP60 has a pro-death function and that the pro-death role of HSP60 seems to involve caspase-3 maturation and activation in the cytosol. In contrast, HSP60 appears to play a pro-survival role in other apoptotic systems where there is no apparent mitochondrial release as its knockdown promotes cell death. In these latter apoptotic systems HSP60 does not associate with active caspase-3. In both cases, HSP60 does not appreciably interact with Bax. Taken together, our results suggest the following: 1) cytosolic accumulation of HSP60 represents a common phenomenon during apoptosis induction; 2) cytosolic HSP60 accumulation during apoptosis occurs either with or without apparent mitochondrial release; and 3) the cytosolically accumulated HSP60 possesses either pro-survival or pro-death functions, which involves differential interactions with caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park--Research Division, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Chan JYH, Wu CHY, Tsai CY, Cheng HL, Dai KY, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. Transcriptional up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase II by nuclear factor-kappaB at rostral ventrolateral medulla in a rat mevinphos intoxication model of brain stem death. J Physiol 2007; 581:1293-307. [PMID: 17395621 PMCID: PMC2170851 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.130872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the origin of a 'life-and-death' signal that reflects central cardiovascular regulatory failure during brain stem death, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a suitable neural substrate for mechanistic delineation of this vital phenomenon. Using a clinically relevant animal model that employed the organophosphate pesticide mevinphos (Mev) as the experimental insult, we evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase I or II (NOS I or II) gene expression by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) on activation of muscarinic receptors in the RVLM underlies brain stem death. In Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under propofol anaesthesia, co-microinjection of muscarinic M2R (methoctramine) or M4R (tropicamide), but not M1R (pirenzepine) or M3R (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-dimethylpiperidinium) antagonist significantly reduced the enhanced NOS I-protein kinase G signalling ('pro-life' phase) or augmented NOS II-peroxynitrite cascade ('pro-death' phase) in ventrolateral medulla, blunted the biphasic increase and decrease in baroreceptor reflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone that reflect the transition from life to death, and diminished the elevated DNA binding activity or nucleus-bound translocation of NF-kappaB in RVLM neurons induced by microinjection of Mev into the bilateral RVLM. However, NF-kappaB inhibitors (diethyldithiocarbamate or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) or double-stranded kappaB decoy DNA preferentially antagonized the augmented NOS II-peroxynitrite cascade and the associated cardiovascular depression exhibited during the 'pro-death' phase. We conclude that transcriptional up-regulation of NOS II gene expression by activation of NF-kappaB on selective stimulation of muscarinic M2 or M4 subtype receptors in the RVLM underlies the elicited cardiovascular depression during the 'pro-death' phase in our Mev intoxication model of brain stem death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, and Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chuang YC, Chen SD, Lin TK, Liou CW, Chang WN, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. Upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II contributes to apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal CA3 subfield via a cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade following induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1263-73. [PMID: 17336342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus results in preferential neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. We evaluated the hypothesis that the repertoire of intracellular events in the vulnerable hippocampal CA3 subfield after induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus entails upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II), followed by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c that triggers the cytosolic caspase-3 cascade, leading to apoptotic cell death. In Sprague-Dawley rats, significant and temporally correlated upregulation of NOS II (3-24h), but not NOS I or II expression, enhanced cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c (days 1 and 3), augmented activated caspase-3 in cytosol (days 1, 3 and 7) and DNA fragmentation (days 1, 3 and 7) was detected bilaterally in the hippocampal CA3 subfield after elicitation of sustained seizure activity by microinjection of kainic acid into the unilateral CA3 subfield. Application bilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield of a selective NOS II inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea, significantly blunted these apoptotic events; a selective NOS I inhibitor, N(omega)-propyl-l-arginine or a potent NOS III inhibitor, N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine was ineffective. We conclude that upregulation of NOS II contributes to apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal CA3 subfield via a cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade following the induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC
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Chan JYH, Chang AYW, Wang LL, Ou CC, Chan SHH. Protein kinase C-dependent mitochondrial translocation of proapoptotic protein Bax on activation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase in rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates cardiovascular depression during experimental endotoxemia. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1129-39. [PMID: 17227955 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.031161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic premotor neurons for the maintenance of vasomotor tone are located in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). We demonstrated previously that overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RVLM, leading to caspase 3-dependent apoptotic cell death, plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular depression during endotoxemia induced by intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The interposing intracellular events remain unknown. We evaluated the hypothesis that these events encompass protein kinase C (PKC) activation, which triggers activation and translocation of Bax that opens mitochondrial permeability transition pore by interacting with adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or voltage-dependent anion protein (VDAC), followed by cytosolic release of cytochrome c. In Sprague-Dawley rats, coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses revealed sequential manifestations during endotoxemia of membrane-bound translocation of PKC, dissociation of cytosolic PKC/Bax complex, mitochondrial translocation of activated Bax, augmented Bax/ANT or Bax/VDAC association, elevated cytosolic cytochrome c and caspase 3, and DNA fragmentation in ventrolateral medulla. Microinjection of iNOS inhibitor into bilateral RVLM significantly retarded PKC and Bax activation. The induced association of translocated Bax with ANT or VDAC and the triggered mitochondrial apoptotic signaling cascade were blunted by blockade in RVLM of PKC, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, Bax channels, ANT, or caspase 3, alongside significant amelioration of cardiovascular depression. We conclude that formation of mitochondrial Bax/ANT or Bax/VDAC complex that initiates caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in the RVLM as a result of PKC-dependent mitochondrial translocation of activated Bax activated by iNOS-derived NO plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of endotoxin-induced cardiovascular depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Department of Medical Education & Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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